As legislation continues to evolve and the stigma surrounding addiction persists, new findings on the impact of substances on the brain are an important public issue. This second edition integrates major developments in human and animal neuroscience to explain how addictive substances and behaviors reshape brain circuits governing reward, stress, habit formation, and self-control. New and enhanced coverage addresses individual differences-including age, sex, stress, pain, comorbidity, and emerging substances-as well as advances in neuroimaging, genetics, and treatment science. Students are…