Book contents
- Air Pollution
- Air Pollution
- Copyright page
- Contents
- Preface
- Main Notations
- 1Brief History of Air Pollution
- 2Emissions of Air Pollutants and Emission Control Technologies
- 3Meteorology: General Circulation
- 4Air Pollution Meteorology
- 5Atmospheric Radiative Transfer and Visibility
- 6Atmospheric Dispersion
- 7The Stratospheric Ozone Layer
- 8Gaseous Pollutants
- 9Atmospheric Particles
- 10Clouds and Acid Rain
- 11Transfer of Pollutants between the Atmosphere and Surfaces
- 12Health Effects
- 13Environmental Impacts
- 14Climate Change and Air Pollution
- 15Regulations and Public Policies
- Index
- References
10 - Clouds and Acid Rain
Published online by Cambridge University Press: 19 June 2019
Book contents
- Air Pollution
- Air Pollution
- Copyright page
- Contents
- Preface
- Main Notations
- 1Brief History of Air Pollution
- 2Emissions of Air Pollutants and Emission Control Technologies
- 3Meteorology: General Circulation
- 4Air Pollution Meteorology
- 5Atmospheric Radiative Transfer and Visibility
- 6Atmospheric Dispersion
- 7The Stratospheric Ozone Layer
- 8Gaseous Pollutants
- 9Atmospheric Particles
- 10Clouds and Acid Rain
- 11Transfer of Pollutants between the Atmosphere and Surfaces
- 12Health Effects
- 13Environmental Impacts
- 14Climate Change and Air Pollution
- 15Regulations and Public Policies
- Index
- References
Summary
This chapter describes the processes that lead to the formation of atmospheric pollutants in clouds and fogs via aqueous chemical transformations. Although the volume occupied by water droplets in the air is small, important chemical reactions occur in clouds. These reactions modify the atmospheric chemical composition and may lead to an increase of particulate mass when clouds and fogs evaporate or to acid rain when clouds precipitate. First, some general considerations on clouds and fogs are presented. Then, aqueous chemistry is addressed. Chemical equilibria and reactions have been described in other textbooks (e.g., Stumm and Morgan, 1995), and the focus here is on the processes pertaining to air pollution. This chapter treats in particular the transformations leading to the formation of sulfuric acid and nitric acid, two constituents of acid rain (if the cloud precipitates), as well as precursors of fine inorganic particles (if the cloud evaporates). The aqueous chemistry of organic compounds concerns mostly the formation of secondary organic aerosols (SOA) and is treated in Chapter 9. Finally, emission control strategies to reduce acid rain are discussed.
Information
- Type
- Chapter
- Information
- Air PollutionConcepts, Theory, and Applications, pp. 239 - 258Publisher: Cambridge University PressPrint publication year: 2019
References
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