In Chapter 4, Minds in Psychology, the topic is the concept of “mind” and its uses in psychology and philosophy throughout history and today. A reason why it is important to investigate how “mind” is understood in psychology is that in order to evaluate psychological research, one needs a clear image of the conception of mind that underpins that research. We describe the historical background of the concept itself, as well as changes over time in how the word “mind” has been used, and some differences across languages and cultures today. We identify four historical and contemporary thinking styles – that is, different ways of conceiving of “mind.” We discuss the issues and problems connected with each of these styles.