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28 - Asymmetry effects in hypernovae

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  11 August 2009

By
K. Maeda,
K. Nomoto,
J. Deng and
P. A. Mazzali
Edited by
Peter Höflich,
Pawan Kumar and
J. Craig Wheeler
K. Maeda
Affiliation:
Department of Astronomy, School of Science, University of Tokyo, Hongo 7-3-1, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-0033, Japan
K. Nomoto
Affiliation:
Department of Astronomy, School of Science, University of Tokyo, Hongo 7-3-1, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-0033, Japan; Research Center for the Early Universe, School of Science, University of Tokyo, Hongo 7-3-1, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113–0033, Japan
J. Deng
Affiliation:
Department of Astronomy, School of Science, University of Tokyo, Hongo 7-3-1, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-0033, Japan; Research Center for the Early Universe, School of Science, University of Tokyo, Hongo 7-3-1, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113–0033, Japan
P. A. Mazzali
Affiliation:
Research Center for the Early Universe, School of Science, University of Tokyo, Hongo 7-3-1, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113–0033, Japan; INAF-Osservatorio Astronomico, Via Tiepolo, 11, 34131 Trieste, Italy
Peter Höflich
Affiliation:
University of Texas, Austin
Pawan Kumar
Affiliation:
University of Texas, Austin
J. Craig Wheeler
Affiliation:
University of Texas, Austin
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Summary

Abstract

The basic explosion mechanisms of core-collapse supernovae (SNe) have not been clarified yet. The discovery of hypernovae with the isotropic kinetic energy (E) E51 ≡ E ∕ 1051 ergs ≳ 5-10 brought us a new light on this issue. Observational properties of hypernovae indicate that asymmetry may play an important role in the explosion. We discuss two classes of asymmetry effects related to hypernovae. (1) Effects of asymmetric ejecta on observed properties. Interpreting (late phase) optical light curves and spectra of hypernovae suggests that these objects are aspherical in nature. (2) Effects of asymmetric bipolar explosions on nucleosynthetic yields. An aspherical bipolar explosion provides high-velocity Fe-rich materials and low-velocity O-rich materials, which are in agreement with the observations. The unique yields of the bipolar explosions, e.g., enhanced (Zn, Co)/Fe and suppressed (Mn, Cr)/Fe, can account for the peculiar abundance patterns of extremely metal-poor stars, suggesting that they could have significantly contributed to the early Galactic chemical evolution.

Properties of hypernovae

Type Ic Hypernova SN 1998bw was probably linked to GRB 980425 (Galama et al. 1998), thus establishing for the first time a connection between gamma-ray bursts (GRBs) and core-collapse SNe. However, SN 1998bw was exceptional for a SN Ic: it was as luminous at peak as a SN Ia, indicating that it synthesized ∼0.5 M⊙ of 56Ni, and its isotropic E was estimated as E51 ≳ 30 (Iwamoto et al. 1998; Woosley, Eastman, & Schmidt 1999; see, however, Höflich, Wheeler, & Wang. 1999 for a different interpretation).

Information

Type
Chapter
Information
Cosmic Explosions in Three Dimensions
Asymmetries in Supernovae and Gamma-Ray Bursts
 , pp. 244 - 254
Publisher: Cambridge University Press
Print publication year: 2004

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  • Asymmetry effects in hypernovae
    • By K. Maeda, Department of Astronomy, School of Science, University of Tokyo, Hongo 7-3-1, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-0033, Japan, K. Nomoto, Department of Astronomy, School of Science, University of Tokyo, Hongo 7-3-1, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-0033, Japan; Research Center for the Early Universe, School of Science, University of Tokyo, Hongo 7-3-1, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113–0033, Japan, J. Deng, Department of Astronomy, School of Science, University of Tokyo, Hongo 7-3-1, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-0033, Japan; Research Center for the Early Universe, School of Science, University of Tokyo, Hongo 7-3-1, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113–0033, Japan, P. A. Mazzali, Research Center for the Early Universe, School of Science, University of Tokyo, Hongo 7-3-1, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113–0033, Japan; INAF-Osservatorio Astronomico, Via Tiepolo, 11, 34131 Trieste, Italy
  • Edited by Peter Höflich, University of Texas, Austin, Pawan Kumar, University of Texas, Austin, J. Craig Wheeler, University of Texas, Austin
  • Book: Cosmic Explosions in Three Dimensions
  • Online publication: 11 August 2009
  • Chapter DOI: https://doi.org/10.1017/CBO9780511536236.028
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  • Asymmetry effects in hypernovae
    • By K. Maeda, Department of Astronomy, School of Science, University of Tokyo, Hongo 7-3-1, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-0033, Japan, K. Nomoto, Department of Astronomy, School of Science, University of Tokyo, Hongo 7-3-1, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-0033, Japan; Research Center for the Early Universe, School of Science, University of Tokyo, Hongo 7-3-1, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113–0033, Japan, J. Deng, Department of Astronomy, School of Science, University of Tokyo, Hongo 7-3-1, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-0033, Japan; Research Center for the Early Universe, School of Science, University of Tokyo, Hongo 7-3-1, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113–0033, Japan, P. A. Mazzali, Research Center for the Early Universe, School of Science, University of Tokyo, Hongo 7-3-1, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113–0033, Japan; INAF-Osservatorio Astronomico, Via Tiepolo, 11, 34131 Trieste, Italy
  • Edited by Peter Höflich, University of Texas, Austin, Pawan Kumar, University of Texas, Austin, J. Craig Wheeler, University of Texas, Austin
  • Book: Cosmic Explosions in Three Dimensions
  • Online publication: 11 August 2009
  • Chapter DOI: https://doi.org/10.1017/CBO9780511536236.028
Available formats
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To save content items to your account, please confirm that you agree to abide by our usage policies. If this is the first time you use this feature, you will be asked to authorise Cambridge Core to connect with your account. Find out more about saving content to Google Drive.

  • Asymmetry effects in hypernovae
    • By K. Maeda, Department of Astronomy, School of Science, University of Tokyo, Hongo 7-3-1, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-0033, Japan, K. Nomoto, Department of Astronomy, School of Science, University of Tokyo, Hongo 7-3-1, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-0033, Japan; Research Center for the Early Universe, School of Science, University of Tokyo, Hongo 7-3-1, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113–0033, Japan, J. Deng, Department of Astronomy, School of Science, University of Tokyo, Hongo 7-3-1, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-0033, Japan; Research Center for the Early Universe, School of Science, University of Tokyo, Hongo 7-3-1, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113–0033, Japan, P. A. Mazzali, Research Center for the Early Universe, School of Science, University of Tokyo, Hongo 7-3-1, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113–0033, Japan; INAF-Osservatorio Astronomico, Via Tiepolo, 11, 34131 Trieste, Italy
  • Edited by Peter Höflich, University of Texas, Austin, Pawan Kumar, University of Texas, Austin, J. Craig Wheeler, University of Texas, Austin
  • Book: Cosmic Explosions in Three Dimensions
  • Online publication: 11 August 2009
  • Chapter DOI: https://doi.org/10.1017/CBO9780511536236.028
Available formats
×