The secularisation of British society was at odds with global developments. The resurgence of religion internationally affected the RAChD and the British Army in various ways. Despite its problems, such was the prestige of the RAChD that it helped mould Bundeswehr chaplaincy in the Cold War; chaplaincies in newly independent African nations; and chaplaincies in former Warsaw Pact countries. In the War on Terror, its mentorship was extended to the Afghan National Army. Meanwhile, the religious aspects of many contemporary conflicts involved chaplains in widespread ‘religious engagement’ with local populations. Significantly, religion proved to be a key dimension of the Cold War, of the ‘Emergencies’ in Kenya and Cyprus, of the Troubles in Northern Ireland, of the Falklands and Gulf Wars, of the civil wars in the former Yugoslavia and of the War on Terror. While British soldiers could and did recoil from their often-brutal ‘religious’ character, a strong anti-religious animus (which was widely stoked in ‘New Atheist’ circles) was probably forestalled by the support they received from their chaplains and by soldiers’ recourse to religion for personal protection and consolation.