Someone who reads only the first six chapters of this book is likely to come away with a picture of unrelieved gloom as far as the future prospects for endangered languages are concerned. Chapter 1 surveyed the general topic of language endangerment and introduced some key concepts, none of them tending to generate optimism about the fate of endangered languages. That chapter also introduced UNESCO's Atlas of the world's languages in danger, which (according to its home page as of 24 May 2014) classifies 2,471 languages as endangered to some degree – more than a third of the world's languages, and almost certainly an unrealistically low estimate of the actual number. This is not a pretty picture. In Chapter 2 we examined causes and processes of language endangerment. Chapter 3 was about language death, or dormancy, illustrated with five case studies (Eyak, Cornish, Egyptian, Yaaku, and Mednyj Aleut) and covering the topics of “tip”, semi-speakers, attrition, and grammatical and lexical replacement as an unusual route to language death.