The Epilogue reflects on the afterlife and legacies of the rise of gray literature during World War II. Most of the ephemeral texts produced in the memorandum culture analyzing Nazi Germany were discarded and only few texts survived as part of the historical record. The institutions fostering gray literature on Nazi Germany either focused on new problems or were disbanded entirely. The majority of intellectuals involved in the memorandum culture quickly moved on, some, like Thomas Mann, returning to Europe, and others, like Gregory Bateson, staying on to shape the intellectual life in the United States. The basic practices of World War II text production and distribution, however, had a second life during the Cold War era, as they were employed for the circulation of underground literature in the context of newly emerging artistic groups and political movements.