Asking the question of when the Renaissance ended, the Conclusion proposes it to be the early seventeenth century, with the advent of the Baroque as a literary and artistic movement. This shift was accompanied by a sharp change in gender attitudes, with the sixteenth century elites’ general stance of supportiveness to women’s cultural ambitions being displaced by a born-again misogyny, which began to abate only at the end of the seventeenth century. Postdating the end of the Renaissance to the early seventeenth century produces a more coherent narrative than traditional periodizations that regard the advent of the Counter-Reformation as a cultural end point. It also helps to challenge widely adopted but questionable constructions of European cultural history which posit a translatio imperii et studii from southern to northern Europe dating to the Protestant Reformation. The book concludes with a call for further work on the neglected Late Renaissance moment of the late sixteenth century with the aim of ‘reintegrating’ the Renaissance and enabling a better understanding of the full arc of the movement.