This chapter discusses the impact of co-operatives and co-operative identity on poverty reduction, based around the author’s research on a dairy co-operative in a semi-arid province of Eastern Kenya. The study found that the co-operative’s dual economic and social goals, which emphasise member and community priorities across a range of concerns, have helped it to engage in multiple areas of activity, ranging from the provision of goods and services to education and training, all of which led to a reduction of household poverty for members and nonmembers. The chapter suggests a nee for further research to explore the links between co-operative identity and poverty reduction in other regions and economic sectors.