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Chapter 7 - Case Study II

The International Maritime Organization

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  08 May 2026

Annika Frosch
Affiliation:
University College London
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Summary

This chapter analyses the International Maritime Organization (IMO) as a case study for global experimentalist governance in ocean acidification. Shipping significantly contributes to OA through CO2, NOx, and SOx emissions, along with scrubber discharge that releases acidic water directly into the oceans. The IMO regulates shipping but scarcely acknowledges OA, instead promoting scrubbers despite their harmful effects. The chapter assesses the IMO’s climate change response against experimentalist governance elements: (1) A shared problem exists – stakeholders agree climate change needs addressing; (2) Open-ended goals are present – the Revised GHG Strategy sets framework objectives like ‘reducing emissions as soon as possible’ with specific metrics; (3) Delegation occurs through National Action Plans (NAPs), where member states experiment with solutions; (4) Feedback and peer review are limited – only 9 of 175 countries submitted NAPs, with minimal systematic comparison or best practice identification; (5) Goal adjustment is possible through strategy reviews. A key limitation is that weak peer review and feedback mechanisms undermine recursive learning essential to experimentalist governance. While some experimentalist features exist, the IMO’s response only partially resembles this governance model, suggesting limited potential for addressing OA directly through experimentalist approaches.

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  • Case Study II
  • Annika Frosch, University College London
  • Book: Navigating the Souring Seas
  • Online publication: 08 May 2026
  • Chapter DOI: https://doi.org/10.1017/9781009689083.008
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  • Case Study II
  • Annika Frosch, University College London
  • Book: Navigating the Souring Seas
  • Online publication: 08 May 2026
  • Chapter DOI: https://doi.org/10.1017/9781009689083.008
Available formats
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Save book to Google Drive

To save content items to your account, please confirm that you agree to abide by our usage policies. If this is the first time you use this feature, you will be asked to authorise Cambridge Core to connect with your account. Find out more about saving content to Google Drive.

  • Case Study II
  • Annika Frosch, University College London
  • Book: Navigating the Souring Seas
  • Online publication: 08 May 2026
  • Chapter DOI: https://doi.org/10.1017/9781009689083.008
Available formats
×