This chapter focuses on the historical accounts dealing with the Sasanian empire’s physicians and medical institutions, and their relationship to the Sasanian dynasty. These accounts’ contents and the fact of their circulation reflect the proliferating and strengthening ties between Sasanian rulers and their realm’s physicians in the sixth and seventh centuries, which both parties viewed as beneficial and made efforts to make known. My analysis also yields a somewhat reconfigured understanding of Gondēšāpūr’s medical-historical importance, which builds on arguments advanced by Vittorio Berti: that while Gondēšāpūr’s broader region of Khuzestan was already home to a well-known tradition of medical learning by the time of Khusrō I (and possibly substantially earlier), the emergence of Gondēšāpūr as the region’s preeminent medical center was a comparatively late development, which may have only occurred in the waning decades of Sasanian rule.