In Europe, North America, Australasia, and beyond, many dozens of hobbyist groups specialise in re-enacting Scottish history. This chapter investigates the European re-enactors. It examines the cultural practice that is historical re-enactment, its origins and meanings. The chapter explores the Scottish genre and the moments in Scottish history which re-enactors find usable for their performances. There are two reasons for the dominance of warfare in Scottish re-enactment. First, hobbyist re-enactment culture in general is preoccupied with martial themes, and secondly, Scotland's international image is inextricably linked with the Highland soldier. The chapter addresses the issue of authenticity and the re-enactors' efforts to separate myth from fact. Most re-enactors strive to reconstruct the past 'as it really happened', a creed which leads them into trouble when targeting Scottish history.