This chapter offers an analysis of magic in Mesoamerica. An overview is given of specific Nahua cultural phenomena and of Spanish ecclesiastics’ attempts to place these Nahua concepts within a Spanish and Catholic framework. Nahua concepts explored here include: nahualli, shape-shifting sorcerer; tiçitl, healing specialist, midwife; tlapohualiztli, corn hurling as a form of divination; xochihua, flower-bearer, a gender-fluid man or transwoman associated with sorcery; and teixcuepani, or trickery. Particular attention is given here to Bernardino Sahagún and his Florentine Codex, Andrés de Olmos and his Nahuatl translation of Castañega’s anti-sorcery treatise, Alonso de Molina’s Nahuatl–Spanish Vocabulario, and Juan de Zumárraga’s Doctrina. An analysis is made of the difficulty of applying Nahuatl terms for Spanish ideas, often resulting in neologisms such as texoxaliztli for evil eye. Similarly, the Spanish idea that alcahuetas (procuresses) were linked to sorcery finds translation in the term “tetlanochili,” meaning “sorceress” generally. The Nahua idea of the owl-man tlacatecolotl, simplified by Spanish clergy as Satan, is also discussed.