Skip to main content Accessibility help
×
  • You may already have access via personal or institutional login
  • Select format
  • Publisher:
    Cambridge University Press
    Publication date:
    28 March 2008
    10 June 1999
    ISBN:
    9781139053433
    9780521563215
    Dimensions:
    (247 x 174 mm)
    Weight & Pages:
    0.88kg, 324 Pages
    Dimensions:
    Weight & Pages:
You may already have access via personal or institutional login
  • Selected: Digital
    Add to cart View cart Buy from Cambridge.org

    Book description

    The Muslim kingdoms of the Deccan plateau flourished from the fourteenth to eighteenth centuries. During this period, the Deccan sultans built palaces, mosques and tombs, and patronised artists who produced paintings and decorative objects. Many of these buildings and works of art still survive as testimony to the sophisticated techniques of their craftsmen. This volume is the first to offer an overall survey of these architectural and artistic traditions and to place them within their historical context. The links which existed between the Deccan and the Middle East, for example, are discernible in Deccani architecture and paintings, and a remarkable collection of photographs, many of which have never been published before, testify to these influences. The book will be a source of inspiration to all those interested in the rich and diverse culture of India, as well as to those concerned with the artistic heritage of the Middle East.

    Reviews

    ‘ … a book into which you will be drawn - and at some points will almost drown - in the powerfully and sumptuously exotic works of art which are discussed. It would be difficult to imagine two scholars better suited to present the architectural and artistic heritage of this huge region, for George Michell and Mark Zebrowski have made this subject their own.’

    Richard Blurton Source: British Museum Magazine

    ‘In this jointly authored work Michell is mainly responsible for the discusiions on architecture, while Zebrowski deals with the visual arts, including the arts of the book and miniature painting as well as metal work and other minor arts. Discussions on these topics are clear and informative and are supposed by illustrations, many in colour.’

    Source: The Times Higher Education Supplement

    ‘ … analyses the architecture and art that flourished in western, central and southern India between the fourteenth and eighteenth centuries. The book’s subtitle Architecture and Art of the Deccan Sultanate is misleading because the book also incorporates the artistic creations of several non-Sultanate kingdoms such as the Mughals and the Marathas. The authors have taken a very broad view of both ‘architecture’ and ‘art’: ‘architecture’ includes not only palaces, forts, gateways, tombs, mosques and temples but also the plans and layouts of the urban and semi-urban settlements housing the above buildings. Similarly, ‘art’ includes within its fold, wall and miniature paintings, painted wall and floor tiles, sculptures and textiles, besides artifacts in stone, wood and metal … The authors have painstakingly visited and photographed the various Sultanate sites and buildings. In addition, they have also identified and examined, for the first time ever, the Sultanate artifacts in the collection of libraries and museums in UK, France, Germany and USA … The most interesting and informative sections of the book are those dealing with the Middle Eastern influences on the art and culture of the Deccan.’

    Source: Indian Review of Books

    ‘To the non-specialist, even with some knowledge of the art and architecture of the Mughals in North India, the individuality, variety and exuberance of Deccani art and architecture, admirably surveyed in the present handbook, will come as a delightful surprise.’

    Source: Burlington Magazine

    ‘In this scholarly desert, The Art and Architecture of the Deccan Sultanates in the New Cambridge History of India is a major landmark. It is also one of the most beautifully written works of Indian art history published for many years, combining rigorous scholarship with an aesthetic sensitivity and a feeling for language all too rare in modern academia. One of the authors, Mark Zebrowski, died shortly after finishing it. The power of his prose and the perception of his eye are amply demonstrated by the remarkable chapters he has contributed to this book. As scholars of the period are already discovering, his death has created a gap it will be very difficult to fill.’

    Source: The Times Literary Supplement

    Refine List

    Actions for selected content:

    Select all | Deselect all
    • View selected items
    • Export citations
    • Download PDF (zip)
    • Save to Kindle
    • Save to Dropbox
    • Save to Google Drive

    Save Search

    You can save your searches here and later view and run them again in "My saved searches".

    Please provide a title, maximum of 40 characters.
    ×

    Contents

    • 1 - Historical framework
      pp 4-22
    • View abstract

      Summary

      The turbulent events of the sixteenth and seventeenth centuries are explained to some extent by the unique location of the Deccan plateau as a meeting place of forces from both North and South India, the promise of boundless land and wealth inspiring repeated invasion. In the first decades of the fourteenth century, the Deccan was subjugated by the Khaljis and Tughluqs, the first Muslim rulers of Delhi. Resistance to these assaults from Delhi occurred in three waves. The first was the military thrust of the mighty Hindu Vijayanagara kingdom south of the Tungabhadra-Krishna rivers in the fifteenth and first half of the sixteenth centuries. The second was the opposition of the Shia Muslim sultans such as the Shahis, throughout most of the seventeenth century. The third was the guerilla tactics of the Hindu Maratha warriors in the second half of the seventeenth and first half of the eighteenth centuries.
    • 2 - Forts and palaces
      pp 23-62
    • View abstract

      Summary

      The seemingly unending cycle of raids, sieges and invasions on the Deccan region helps explain why its defensive works were accorded architectural importance. This chapter describes, with illustrations, several forts and palaces in the Deccan Sultanate period such as the royal residence, Balakot in Daulatabad; the audience hall in Firuzabad; Sharza gate, Diwan-i Am with Takht Mahal, and Takht-i Kirman in Bidar; the entry gate in Sholapur; the fort walls of Parenda; Farah Bagh in Ahmadnagar; Chini Mahal in Daulatabad; the city walls and Gagan Mahal in Bijapur; Bala Hisar Gate, and the palace zone in Golconda; Char Minar in Hyderabad; the fortifications of Rajgad; Bala Qila towers in Raigad; Vijaydurg fort; and the ramparts in Janjira. These were built during the reigns of the Tughluqs; the Bahamanis; the Nizam Shahis, Imad Shahis, Adil Shahis, and the Qutb Shahis; the Mughals; Shivaji; the Sidhis and the Angres; and the Peshwas.
    • 3 - Mosques and tombs
      pp 63-114
    • View abstract

      Summary

      This chapter describes, with illustrations, an array of Jami mosques and other places of prayer and several tombs in the Deccan region. Personal ambition on the part of sultans, their ministers and commanders accounts for a funerary tradition that often represents the finest architectural achievements of the period. The chapter includes the Jami mosque and Chand Minar in Daulatabad, Solah Khamba mosque in Bidar, Jami mosque in Gulbarga, the tombs of Alauddin Hasan Bahman Shah, Muhammad I and Tajuddin Firuz, the Langar-ki mosque in Gulbarga, and the tombs of Ahmad I, Alauddin Ahmad II in Bidar. It also includes the tombs of Ahmad Bahri Nizam Shah and Salabat Khan, and Damri mosque in Ahmadnagar, the tomb of Malik Ambar in Khuldabad, the dargah of Shaykh Sirajuddin Junaydi in Gulbarga, the Jami and Anda mosques, the tomb of Ibrahim Adil Shah II, and the Gol Gumbad in Bijapur, and Bibi-ka Maqbara and Shahi mosque in Auranga.
    • 4 - Architectural decoration
      pp 115-144
    • View abstract

      Summary

      Plaster decoration is at first restricted to bands around arched openings and recesses, and to medallions in the spandrels. The most refined plasterwork of the era is the delicately incised calligraphy and foliation of the mihrab in the Langar-kimosque just north of Gulbarga. With the development of carved stonework in later Adil Shahi architecture, plaster decoration tends to be confined to cartouches and medallions on sinuous brackets. Wooden decoration in Deccani architecture can only be studied from the scantiest remains. Metal cladding still remains on some of the doors in the defensive entryways to Deccan forts, for example the geometric designs in iron strapwork on the inner door of the Fateh gate at Golconda. In Bidar, architectural tilework conforms to the mosaic technique. Wall panels in the Moti Baug at Wai are of greater merit. The paintings are framed by graceful floral borders typical of the Maratha idiom.
    • 5 - Miniature painting: Ahmadnagar and Bijapur
      pp 145-190
    • View abstract

      Summary

      The briefest and most mysterious phase of Deccani painting occurred at the late sixteenth-century court of Ahmadnagar. Two portraits of the sultan of Ahmadnagar, both inscribed Nizam Shah, painted in about 1575, one in the Bibliotheque Nationale, Paris, the other in the State Library, Rampur, encapsulate this new sophistication. At present, circumstantial evidence suggests a provenance but cannot prove it. The lyrical but uncomplicated style implies the work of a brilliant innovator working at a provincial centre far from the courtly atmosphere of the Ahmadnagar and Bijapur capitals. A related style of painting, usually with Hindu subject matter and ever increasing Mughal influence, continued throughout the seventeenth century in northern Deccani centres. The mystical temperament of Sultan Ibrahim Adil Shah II, the patron of the greatest of these works, gave a strong imprint to the production of the school.
    • 6 - Miniature painting: Golconda and other centres
      pp 191-225
    • View abstract

      Summary

      Golconda art was always less humanistic than other Deccani schools, figures are closer to the glorious dolls of Safavid illustration and possess less mass and naturalistic expression than is usual in the arts of India. The earliest miniature paintings probably date from the reign of Ibrahim Qutb Shah, all in variants of Persian styles and not one equal to the masterpieces of the following reign. Aurangzeb's conquest of Bijapur and Golconda was not as inimical to the arts as is generally assumed. He was an orthodox Muslim, but his only overtly hostile act in regard to art was to command all figural murals to be erased in the Adil Shahi palace in Bijapur. There are close links between Deccani painting and the Rajasthani school of Bikaner, but the precise nature of the relationship has never been satisfactorily explored.
    • 7 - Textiles, metalwork and stone objects
      pp 226-245
    • View abstract

      Summary

      Several factors suggest that the best painted cottons were produced on the Bay of Bengal coast of the kingdom of Golconda. The vibrant tone of red most prized in Europe was produced by the root of the chay plant when grown in the calcium-rich soil of the Krishna river delta. Deccani metalwork is more plentiful and better known than that from any other region of India. The Deccan produced marvellously designed daggers and swords, their hilts composed of entwined animal shapes, usually lions, elephants, simurghs and dragons locked in furious combat. The green serpentine marble out of which this object is cut is found on the Deccan plateau. Its local Persian and Urdu name is zahr muhra, or poison stone, following the belief that a vessel of serpentine marble, like one of celadon, will discolour or crack if food containing poison is placed inside.
    • 8 - Temples
      pp 246-267
    • View abstract

      Summary

      The earliest Maratha temples, such as Shivaji's shrine at Raigad and his memorial at Sindhudurg, are built of stone and mortar, with repeated use of pointed arches as well as vaults and domes supported on pendentives and squinches. Hindu religious architecture under the Marathas was initiated at Raigad where Shivaji erected a linga shrine to Jagadishvara in 1674, the year of his coronation. The temple stands in a walled compound with an arched entrance on the east leading to Shivaji's cremation site. The dilapidated Yadava temple here was entirely reconstructed by Wnanciers from Pune, the tower itself being the responsibility of Nana Phadnavis, minister of the later peshwas. The Holkars of Indore built extensively in the Deccan, Malwa and other parts of Central India, especially under the capable direction of Ahilyabai and hergeneral Tukoji. Bhonsale projects overlook Ambala lake at the foot of Ramtek hill.
    • 9 - Conclusion
      pp 268-272
    • View abstract

      Summary

      This conclusion presents some closing remarks discussed in the preceding chapters that have defined a profusion of distinctive artistic modes emerged between the fourteenth and eighteenth centuries. This stylistic multiplicity may be singled out as an overriding characteristic of Deccani art. Each dynasty of Deccani kings, from the Bahmanis to the Asaf Jahis and Marathas, promoted a highly individualistic idiom which they employed for their courtly and religious buildings and, in later times, for paintings, metalwork and textiles. The process of transformation by which the first genuinely Deccani style was created was completed towards the end of the fourteenth century, by which time innovative tendencies were already apparent in religious architecture. A synthesis of Persian Safavid models with indigenous taste is apparent in the finest early seventeenth-century Deccani paintings. Mughal architecture in the Deccan had a greater impact on temples than on mosques and tombs.
    • Bibliographic Essay
      pp 278-281
    • View abstract

      Summary

      This bibliography chapter presents an overview of historical framework, architecture as well as miniature painting and the fine arts of the Deccan. The Sultanate period is surveyed by Haig, Briggs, Venkataramana and Sherwani and Joshi, the last with excellent historical chapters by various authors concentrating on the different Sultanate kingdoms. Deccani palaces are described in Reuthe, still impressive for its clear photographs and accurate drawings. A few of these monuments are covered in Michell. Until the 1930s, the Deccani school of painting was hardly known, its great masterpieces usually described as Persian, Indo-Persian or Mughal. The study of miniature painting under the Marathas is still in its infancy, but sees Banerji and Doshi. Pioneer research on Deccani resist-dyed cottons is provided by Irwin and Brett. Deccani bronze vessels decorated with Arabic script, among the greatest masterpieces of Islamic metal work, have long been assigned to either Iran or North India.

    Metrics

    Altmetric attention score

    Full text views

    Total number of HTML views: 0
    Total number of PDF views: 0 *
    Loading metrics...

    Book summary page views

    Total views: 0 *
    Loading metrics...

    * Views captured on Cambridge Core between #date#. This data will be updated every 24 hours.

    Usage data cannot currently be displayed.

    Accessibility standard: Unknown

    Why this information is here

    This section outlines the accessibility features of this content - including support for screen readers, full keyboard navigation and high-contrast display options. This may not be relevant for you.

    Accessibility Information

    Accessibility compliance for the PDF of this book is currently unknown and may be updated in the future.