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    • Publisher:
      Cambridge University Press
      Publication date:
      23 February 2018
      15 March 2018
      ISBN:
      9781139814881
      9781107038424
      Dimensions:
      (234 x 156 mm)
      Weight & Pages:
      0.77kg, 476 Pages
      Dimensions:
      Weight & Pages:
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    Book description

    Between 1861 and 1865, both the Confederate South and Southern Italy underwent dramatic processes of nation-building, with the creation of the Confederate States of America and the Kingdom of Italy, in the midst of civil wars. This is the first book that compares these parallel developments by focusing on the Unionist and pro-Bourbon political forces that opposed the two new nations in inner civil conflicts. Overlapping these conflicts were the social revolutions triggered by the rebellions of American slaves and Southern Italian peasants against the slaveholding and landowning elites. Utilizing a comparative perspective, Enrico Dal Lago sheds light on the reasons why these combined factors of internal opposition proved fatal for the Confederacy in the American Civil War, while the Italian Kingdom survived its own civil war. At the heart of this comparison is a desire to understand how and why nineteenth-century nations rose and either endured or disappeared.

    Reviews

    'Enrico Dal Lago recounts in compelling detail and with analytic precision the simultaneous civil wars that unfolded in the United States and Italy in 1861–65. This is comparative history at its best, as parallel histories intersect, shedding new light on the freedom struggles of American slaves and Italian peasants, as well as on the nation-building projects of elites in both countries. There is no historian writing today who approaches the past like Enrico Dal Lago.'

    Andrew Zimmerman - George Washington University, Washington, DC

    'Enrico Dal Lago, the distinguished scholar of comparative and international history, has given us a remarkable and thought-provoking work. Putting the American Civil War and the Italian Great Brigandage into relation raises important new questions about each while summoning us to place both events into a global context of state-building, agrarian unrest, and social revolution. Dal Lago's book exemplifies social and political history at its best.'

    Steven Hahn - New York University

    'This is a groundbreaking work. Dal Lago has gained a reputation as a consummate comparatist of slavery and other systems of agrarian labor in the modern world. This study of the inner civil wars that wracked the American and Italian Souths in the 1860s will find an appreciative audience among historians of Italy and the USA, but equally with historians, sociologists and anthropologists of systems of sharecropping, landless laborers, and agrarian unfree labor. Dal Lago has mastered the vast secondary literature, presents an original methodological approach, and has delved deeply into the archives of his case studies. This book is a marvel.'

    Carl Levy - University of London

    'This is an important contribution to the study of rural unrest and violence in a comparative perspective. Dal Lago’s mastery of a wide range of sources and related scholarly debates are awe-inspiring, and his innovative approach makes us think in new ways about issues such as race, class and the role of the state in nation-building.'

    Eugenio Biagini - Sidney Sussex College Cambridge

    ‘… this important new contribution revamps some of the well-known debates on the role that agriculture, lords and peasants, and agrarian social revolutions played in the shaping of the modern world …'

    Marta Petrusewicz Source: The American Historical Review

    'In this book Enrico Dal Lago explores the remarkable parallels between the Confederate experience and events in southern Italy.'

    Paul D. Escott Source: The Journal of American History

    ‘Dal Lago has drawn on an impressive range of American and Italian manuscript collections, archives, printed primary sources. Moreover, the book’s conclusions incorporate the findings of the latest published scholarship by leading Anglo-American and Italian historians in the field.’

    Anthony L. Cardoza Source: The Journal of Modern History

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    Contents

    • 2 - The Difficult Birth of Two Nations
      pp 62-102

    Bibliography

    Primary Sources

    Manuscript Collections

    Archivio di Stato di Caserta
    • Intendenza – Polizia (Affari Diversi)

      • Busta 5

      • Busta 14

      • Busta 22

    • Prefettura – Gabinetto – Ordine Pubblico

      • Busta 239

      • Busta 240

      • Busta 241

      • Busta 242

      • Busta 253

    • Prefettura – Polizia (Affari Diversi)

      • Busta 44

      • Busta 74

      • Busta 78

      • Busta 81

      • Busta 84

    Archivio di Stato di Frosinone
    • Direzione di Polizia della Delegazione Apostolica – Rapporti Politici

      • Busta 99

      • Busta 101

      • Busta 102

    Archivio di Stato di Napoli
    • Archivio Borbone

      • Busta 1139

      • Busta 1142

      • Busta 1149

      • Busta 1716

    Archivio di Stato di Potenza
    • Prefettura – Gabinetto

      • Busta 25

      • Busta 26

    • Pubblica Sicurezza – Brigantaggio

      • Busta 11

    • Pubblica Sicurezza – Categoria Z

      • Busta 34

      • Busta 35

      • Busta 37

      • Busta 39

      • Busta 44

      • Busta 48

    • Pubblica Sicurezza – Miscellanea

      • Busta 16

      • Busta 18

      • Busta 22

      • Busta 28

    • Pubblica Sicurezza – Serie 8A

      • Busta 56

    Duke University Special Collections
    • Sarah E. Thompson Papers

    Louisiana and Lower Mississippi Valley Collection, LSU Libraries, Baton Rouge
    • Thomas O. Moore Papers

    • Albert A. Batchelor Papers

    • Joseph Addison Montgomery and Family Papers

    • Hudson Tabor Family Papers

    • John C. Elder Diary

    • A. S. Mitchell Letter

    • Charles Oscar Dupuy Letter

    • Simon G. Jerrard Papers

    • R. J. Causey Correspondence

    • Samuel C. Bonner and Family Papers

    • Palfrey Family Papers

    • Edward N. Marsh Civil War Letter

    • Minor (William J. and Family) Papers

    • David Weeks and Family Papers

    • Edwin Benedict Letters

    • Union Sailor Civil War Letter

    • U.S. Quartermaster Patterson Letters

    • Alice Austen McMurran Journal

    • Audley Clark Britton and Family Papers

    • Alexander R. Miller Diary

    Calvin M. McClung Historical Collection, East Tennessee Historical Society, Knoxville, Tennessee
    • Hall-Stakely Family Papers

    • Carl N. Hayes, “Neighbor against Neighbor and Brother against Brother: The Civil War in Greene County, Tennessee”

    National Archives and Records Administration, Washington, D.C. and College Park, Maryland
    • Southern Claims Commission: Approved Claims, 1871–1880

      • Louisiana

    • Tensas Parish, Washington Parish

      • Mississippi

    • Adams County, Hinds County, Pike County, Yazoo County

      • Tennessee

    • Blount County, Bradley County, Claiborne County, Greene County

    • Hawkins County, Marion County, McMinn County, Monroe County, Scott County

    • Southern Claims Commission: Barred or Disallowed Claims, 1871–1880

      • Louisiana

    • Point Coupee Parish

      • Mississippi

    • Sunflower County

    Southern Historical Collection, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill
    • Elliott and Gonzalez Family Papers

    • Lenoir Family Papers

    • Samuel Andrew Agnew Diary

    • Sarah Lois Wadley Diary

    Tennessee State Library Archives, Nashville, Tennessee
    • Lillard Family Papers

    • William E. Sloan Diary

    University of Tennessee Special Collections, Knoxville, Tennessee
    • Arnell Family Papers

    • Felix Kirk Letter

    • Henry Warren Diary

    • Horace Maynard Papers

    • James K. P. Sayler Papers

    • Oliver P. Temple Papers

    • Ramsey Family Papers

    • Thomas Doak Edington Diary

    Newspapers and Periodicals

    • Civiltà Cattolica

    • Gazzetta di Gaeta

    • Il Popolo d’Italia

    • Knoxville Daily Register

    • Knoxville Register

    • Knoxville Southern Citizen

    • Knoxville Whig

    • L’Illustration

    • New Orleans Tribune

    • New York Times

    • Shreveport News

    • Shreveport Weekly News

    • The Southwestern (Shreveport)

    • Weekly Columbia Enquirer

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    Articles and Book Chapters
    Adorni, Daniela, “Il brigantaggio” in Violante, Luciano (ed.), Storia d’Italia, Annali 12: La criminalità (Turin: Einaudi, 1996), pp. 283–319.
    Alonzi, Luigi, “Il conflitto tra Insorgenza e Controrivoluzione al confine tra Regno di Napoli e Stato Pontificio (1798–1799),” Dimensioni e problemi della ricerca storica, 27(1) (2014), 193–222.
    Amatangelo, , “‘Sono briganta io, non donna di brigante’: The female brigand’s search for identity” in Amatangelo, Susan (ed.), Italian Women at War: From Unification to the Twentieth Century (Lanham, MD: Rowman & Littlefield, 2016), pp. 51–72.10.5771/9781611479546
    Ashworth, John, “Towards a bourgeois revolution? Explaining the American Civil War,” Historical Materialism, 19(4) (2011), 193–205.10.1163/156920611X592364
    Astor, Aaron, “The Switzerland of America,” New York Times, June 7, 2011.
    Baker, Bruce E., and Kelly, Brian, “Introduction” in Baker, Bruce E. and Kelly, Brian (eds.), Race, Labor, and Citizenship in the Reconstruction South (Gainesville, FL: University of Florida Press, 2013), pp. 1–15.10.5744/florida/9780813044774.001.0001
    Ballantyne, David T., “Whenever the Yankees were gone, I was a Confederate: loyalty and dissent in Civil War-era Rapides Parish, Louisiana,” Civil War History, 63(1) (2017), 36–67.10.1353/cwh.2017.0002
    Barney, William L., “Rush to disaster: secession and the slaves’ revenge” in Cook, Robert J., Barney, William L., and Varon, Elizabeth R. (eds.), Secession Winter: When the Union Fell Apart (Baltimore, MD: Johns Hopkins University Press, 2013), pp. 10–33.
    Barra, Francesco, “Il brigantaggio in Campania,” Archivio storico per le province napoletane, 103 (1985), 65–168.
    Bartlett, Thomas, “The emergence of the Irish Catholic nation” in Jackson, Alvin (ed.), The Oxford Handbook of Modern Irish History (New York: Oxford University Press, 2014), pp. 517–43.
    Behrend, Justin, “Rebellious talk and conspiratorial plots: the making of a slave insurrection in Civil War Natchez,” Journal of Southern History, 77(1) (2011), 17–52.
    Bevilacqua, Piero, “Forme del paesaggio ed evoluzione dell’habitat. Alcune ipotesi,” Meridiana, 10 (1990), 77–94.
    Bigelow, Martha Mitchell, “Freedmen of the Mississippi Valley, 1862–1865,” Civil War History, 8(1) (1962), 38–47.10.1353/cwh.1962.0019
    Bonazzi, Tiziano, “The USA, Italy, and the tribulations of the liberal nation” in Nagler, Jörg, Doyle, Don H., and Gräser, Marcus (eds.), The Transnational Significance of the American Civil War (New York: Palgrave, 2017), pp. 151–68.
    Bongiovanni, Bruno, “The question of the south” in Calabrese, Omar (ed.), Modern Italy: Images and History of a National Identity, vol. 1: From Unification to the New Century (Milan: Electa, 1982), pp. 89–98.
    Brown, Campbell H., “Carter’s East Tennessee raid: the sailor on horseback who raided his own back yard,” East Tennessee Historical Society Publications 22 (1963): 66–82.
    Bryan, Charles F. Jr., “A gathering of Tories: the East Tennessee Convention of 1861,” Tennessee Historical Quarterly, 29 (1980), 27–48.
    Bryan, Charles F. Jr., “Tories amidst rebels: the Confederate occupation of East Tennessee, 1861–1863,” East Tennessee Historical Society Publications 60 (1988), 3–22.
    Burt, Jesse, “East Tennessee, Lincoln, and Sherman, Part I,” East Tennessee Historical Society Publications, 34 (1962), 3–25.
    Burt, Jesse, “East Tennessee, Lincoln, and Sherman, Part II,” East Tennessee Historical Society Publications, 35 (1963), 54–75.
    Bynum, Victoria E., “Telling and retelling the legend of the Free State of Jones” in Sutherland, Daniel E. (ed.), Guerrillas, Unionists, and Violence on the Confederate Home Front (Fayetteville, AR: University of Arkansas Press, 1999), pp. 17–29.10.2307/j.ctv2j6xrfx.5
    Canal, Jordi, “Guerra civile, rivoluzione e controrivoluzione: Spagna ed Europa del sud durante il XIX secolo,” Memoria e Ricerca, 21 (2006), 133–56.
    Capone, Alessandro, “Legittimismo popolare e questione demaniale. I repertori della protesta nella Capitanata del 1860–61,” Meridiana, 84 (2015), 213–35.
    Capone, Alessandro, “Rebels against Italian Unification: The Great Brigandage in the Province of Capitanata”, Journal of Modern Italian Studies 22 (4) (2017), 431–449.10.1080/1354571X.2017.1350019
    Capone, Alfredo, “L’età liberale” in Galasso, Giuseppe and Romeo, Rosario (eds.), Storia del Mezzogiorno, vol. 12 (Naples: Edizioni Scientifiche Italiane, 1991), pp. 91–193.
    Carter, Dan T., “The anatomy of fear: the Christmas Day insurrection scare of 1865,” Journal of Southern History 42(3) (1976), 345–364.10.2307/2207156
    Chesson, Michael B., “Harlots or heroines ? A new look at the 1863 Richmond bread riot,” Virginia Magazine of History and Biography, 92(2) (1984), 131–75.
    Corvese, Felicio, “Terra di lavoro nella transizione unitaria: governo e territorio tra continuità amministrativa, tumulti legittimisti e normalizzazione autoritaria” in Corvese, Felicio and De Angelis, Marco (eds.), Garibaldi in Terra di Lavoro. Movimenti sociali e governo del territorio durante e dopo la conquista garibaldina (Caserta: Centro Studi “Francesco Daniele,” 2008), pp. 17–34.
    Croce, Benedetto, “La strana vita di un tedesco capo di briganti nell’Italia meridionale e giornalista anticlericale in Austria: L. R. Zimmerman,” La Critica, 36(4) (1936), 303–19.
    Crossman, Virginia, “Emergency legislation and agrarian disorder in Ireland, 1821–41,” Irish Historical Studies, 27 (1991), 309–23.10.1017/S0021121400018009
    Currie, James T., “Freedmen at David Bend, April 1864,” Journal of Mississippi History, 46(2) (1984), 120–9.
    Dal Lago, Enrico, “The end of the Second Slavery in the Confederate South and the Great Brigandage in southern Italy: a comparative study” in Lavina, Javier and Zeuske, Michael (eds.), The Second Slavery: Mass Slaveries and Modernity in the Americas and in the Atlantic Basin (Berlin: LIT Verlag, 2014), pp. 73–92.
    Dal Lago, Enrico, “Italian national unification and the Mezzogiorno: colonialism in one country?” in Healy, Roisin and Dal Lago, Enrico (eds.), The Shadow of Colonialism on Europe’s Modern Past (New York: Palgrave, 2014), pp. 57–72.
    Dal Lago, Enrico, “Lincoln, Cavour, and national unification: American republicanism and Italian liberal nationalism in comparative perspective,” Journal of the Civil War Era, 3(1) (2013), 85–113.10.1353/cwe.2013.0017
    Dal Lago, Enrico, “The nineteenth-century ‘other souths’, modernization, and nation-building: expanding the comparative perspective” in Forret, Jeff and Sears, Christine (eds.), New Directions in Slavery Studies: Commodification, Community, and Comparison (Baton Rouge, LA: Louisiana State University Press, 2015), pp. 219–38.
    Dal Lago, Enrico, “Second Slavery, second serfdom, and beyond: the Atlantic plantation system and the eastern and southern European landed estate system in comparative perspective, 1800–1860,” Review, 32(4) (2009), 391–420.
    Dal Lago, Enrico, “States of rebellion: civil war, rural unrest, and the agrarian question in the American South and the Italian Mezzogiorno, 1861–1865,” Comparative Studies in Society and History, 47(2) (2005), 403–32.10.1017/S0010417505000186
    Davis, John A., “Le guerre del brigantaggio” in Isnenghi, Mario and Cecchinato, Eva (eds.), Fare l’Italia: Unità e disunità nel Risorgimento (Turin: UTET, 2008), 738–52.
    Davis, John A., “The South and the Risorgimento: histories and counter-histories,” Journal of Modern Italian Studies, 19(1) (2014), 53–61.10.1080/1354571X.2014.851972
    Davis, Ronald F., “The U.S. army and the origins of sharecropping in the Natchez District: a case study,” Journal of Negro History, 62(1) (1977), 60–80.10.2307/2717191
    De Angelis, Marco, “Organizzazione e funzioni della Guardia Nazionale in Terra di Lavoro (1860–1876)” in Corvese, Felicio and De Angelis, Marco (eds.), Garibaldi in Terra di Lavoro. Movimenti sociali e governo del territorio durante e dopo la conquista garibaldina (Caserta: Centro Studi “Francesco Daniele,” 2008), 107–52.
    Degler, Carl N., “One among many: The United States and national unification” in Boritt, Gabor (ed.), Lincoln, the War President: The Gettysburg Lectures (New York: Oxford University Press, 1992), pp. 89–119.
    Delfino, Susanna, “Antebellum East Tennessee elites and industrialization: the examples of the iron industry and internal improvements,” East Tennessee Historical Society Publications, 54 (1982), 102–19.
    Della Peruta, Franco, “Il brigantaggio nella storia d’Italia” in Angelini, Daniele and Mengozzi, Dino (eds.), Una società violenta. Morte pubblica e brigantaggio (Manduria: Pietro Lacaita Editore, 1996), pp. 27–39.
    De Majo, Silvio, “Dalla casa alla fabbrica: la lavorazione delle fibre tessili nell’Ottocento” in Macry, Paolo and Villari, Pasquale (eds.), La Campania (Turin: Einaudi, 1990), pp. 335–40.
    De Majo, Silvio, “L’industria meridionale preunitaria tra protezionismo statale e fluttuazioni cicliche: i lanifici della Valle del Liri (1806–1860),” Rivista Storica di terra di Lavoro, 80 (1983–5), 1–107.
    De Majo, Silvio, “L’economia di Terra di lavoro nel XIX secolo” in Corvese, Felicio and De Angelis, Marco (eds.), Garibaldi in Terra di Lavoro. Movimenti sociali e governo del territorio durante e dopo la conquista garibaldina (Caserta: Centro Studi “Francesco Daniele,” 2008), pp. 35–46.
    De Tiberiis, G. F., “Alle origini del brigantaggio politico negli Abruzzi: la spedizione del colonnello Teodoro Klitsche de La Grange. Ottobre 1860,” Rassegna Storica del Risorgimento, 71(3) (1984), 306–18.
    Dickie, John, “A word at war: the Italian army and brigandage, 1860–1870,” History Workshop Journal, 33 (1992), 1–24.10.1093/hwj/33.1.1
    Di Cugno, Michele, “Il brigantaggio postunitario nel Vulture-Melfese,” Basilicata Regione Notizie, 27(101) (2002), 79–86.
    Di Pace, Ugo, “La fotografia” in Galasso, Giuseppe (ed.), Brigantaggio, lealismo, repressione nel Mezzogiorno, 1860–1870 (Naples: Gaetano Macchiaroli Editore, 1984), pp. 51–60.
    Doyle, Don H., “The global civil war” in Sheehan-Dean, Aaron (ed.), A Companion to the U.S. Civil War (Oxford: Blackwell, 2014), pp. 1103–20.
    Eichhorn, Niels, “Nationalism and separatism: a global perspective of the American Civil War” in Stearns, Peter N. (ed.), The American Civil War in a Global Context (Richmond, VA: Virginia Sesquicentennial of the American Civil War Commission, 2014), pp. 1–15.
    Eiss, Paul K., “A share in the land: freedpeople and the government of labour in Southern Louisiana, 1862–65,” Slavery & Abolition, 19(1) (1998), 46–89.10.1080/01440399808575228
    Facineroso, , “Con l’armi nuove della politica. L’emigrazione borbonica e le sue trame cospirative,” Meridiana, 78 (2013), 155–76.
    Fisher, Noel, “The leniency shown them has been unavailing: the Confederate occupation of East Tennessee,” Civil War History, 40(4) (1994), 275–91.10.1353/cwh.1994.0039
    Fiume, Giovanna, “Making women visible in the history of the Mezzogiorno” in Dal Lago, Enrico and Halpern, Rick (eds.), The American South and the Italian Mezzogiorno: Essays in Comparative History (New York: Palgrave, 2002), pp. 173–95.
    Foner, Eric, “The Civil War and slavery: a response,” Historical Materialism, 19(4) (2011), 92–8.10.1163/156920611X592391
    Foote, Lorien, “Rethinking the Confederate home front,” Journal of the Civil War Era, 7(3) (2017), 446–65.10.1353/cwe.2017.0062
    Fowler, John D., “We can never live in a Southern Confederacy: the Civil War in East Tennessee” in Dollar, Kent T., Whiteaker, Larry, and Dickinson, W. Calvin (eds.), Sister States, Enemy States: The Civil War in Kentucky and Tennessee (Lexington, KY: University of Kentucky Press, 2009), pp. 97–122.
    Gabaccia, Donna, “Two great migrations: American and Italian southerners in comparative perspective” in Dal Lago, Enrico and Halpern, Rick (eds.), The American South and the Italian Mezzogiorno: Essays in Comparative History (New York: Palgrave, 2002), pp. 215–32.
    Gelli, Jacopo, “Il Diario del Maresciallo Tristany, organizzatore del brigantaggio nell’Italia meridionale,” Rivista di Roma, 10(15) (1906), 464–7.
    Geyer, Michael, and Bright, Charles, “Global violence and nationalizing wars in Eurasia and America: the geopolitics of war in the mid-nineteenth century,” Comparative Studies in Society and History, 38(4) (1996), 619–57.10.1017/S001041750002048X
    Giarrizzo, Giuseppe, “La Sicilia dal Cinquecento all’Unitàd’Italia” in D’Alessandro, Vittorio and Giarrizzo, Giuseppe (eds.), La Sicilia dal Vespro all’Unità (Turin: UTET, 1989), pp. 99–793.
    Glattahaar, Joseph T., “Black glory: the African American role in Union victory” in Boritt, Gabor (ed.), Why the Confederacy Lost (New York: Oxford University Press, 1992), pp. 135–78.
    Guerri, Giordano Bruno, “Quando l’orgoglio dei terroni si trasforma in bestseller,” Il Giornale, July 28, 2010.
    Hahn, Steven, “Class and state in postemancipation societies: Southern planters in comparative perspective,” American Historical Review, 95 (1990), 75–98.10.1086/ahr/95.1.75
    Hahn, Steven, “Extravagant expectations of freedom: rumour, political struggle, and the Christmas insurrection scare of 1865 in the American South,” Past & Present, 157(1) (1997), 122–58.10.1093/past/157.1.122
    Hahn, Steven, “The politics of black rural laborers in the post-emancipation South” in Dal Lago, Enrico and Halpern, Rick (eds.), The American South and the Italian Mezzogiorno: Essays in Comparative History (New York: Palgrave, 2002), pp. 114–15.
    Hall, Aaron R., “Reframing the Fathers’ Constitution: the centralized state and the centrality of slavery in the Confederate constitutional order,” Journal of Southern History, 83(2) (2017), 255–96.10.1353/soh.2017.0081
    Henderson, Errol A., “Slave religion, slave hiring, and the incipient proletarianization of enslaved black labor: developing Du Bois’ thesis on black participation in the Civil War as a revolution,” Journal of African American Studies, 19 (2015), 192–213.10.1007/s12111-015-9299-8
    Hess, Earl J., “Civil War guerrillas in a global, comparative context” in McKnight, Brian D. and Myers, Barton A. (eds.), The Guerrilla Hunters: Irregular Conflicts during the Civil War (Baton Rouge, LA: Louisiana State University Press, 2017), pp. 335–53.
    Hesseltine, W. B., “The underground railroad from Confederate prisons to East Tennessee,” East Tennessee Historical Society Publications, 2 (1930), 55–69.
    Hobsbawm, Eric J., “Introduction: Inventing traditions” in Hobsbawm, Eric J. and Ranger, Terence N. (eds.), The Invention of Tradition (Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1983), pp. 1–14.
    Inscoe, John C., “Mountain Unionism, secession, and regional self-image: the contrasting cases of western North Carolina and East Tennessee” in Moore, Winfred B. Jr. and Tripp, Joseph F. (eds.), Looking South: Chapters in the Story of an American Region (Westport, CN: Greenwood, 1989), pp. 115–32.
    Inscoe, John C., and McKinney, Gordon B., “Highland household divided: family deceptions, diversions, and divisions in Southern Appalachia” in Inscoe, John C. and Kenzer, Robert C. (eds.), Enemies of the Country: New Perspectives on Unionists in the Civil War South (Athens, GA: University of Georgia Press, 2001), pp. 54–72.
    Jewitt, Leah Wood, “Facing the enemy: planter’s diary outlines daily struggle with occupation,” Civil War Book Review (Summer 2007).
    Kalyvas, Stathis N., “Civil wars” in Boix, Carles and Stokes, Susan C. (eds.), The Oxford Handbook of Comparative Politics (New York: Oxford University Press, 2007), pp. 417–25.
    Kassel, Charles, “The labor system of General Banks: a lost episode of Civil War history,” The Open Court (January 1928), 35–50.
    Katznelson, Ira, “Working-class formation: constructing cases and comparisons” in Katznelson, Ira and Zolberg, Aritide (eds.), Working-Class Formation: Nineteenth-Century Patterns in Europe and the United States (Princeton, NJ: Princeton University Press, 1986), pp. 3–42.
    Kaye, Anthony E., “The Second Slavery: modernity in the nineteenth-century South and the Atlantic world,” Journal of Southern History, 75(3) (2009), 627–50.
    Kaye, Anthony E., “Slaves, emancipation, and the powers of war: views from the Natchez District of Mississippi” in Cashin, Joan E. (ed.), The War Was You and Me: Civilians in the American Civil War (Princeton, NJ: Princeton University Press, 2002), pp. 60–84.
    Kelley, James C., “William Gannaway Brownlow” in King, Spurgeon (ed.), The Civil War in Appalachia: Tennessee in the Civil War (Nashville, TN: Tennessee Historical Society, 2011), pp. 90–121.
    Kelly, Patrick J., “The North American crisis of the 1860s,” Journal of the Civil War Era, 2(3) (2012), 337–68.10.1353/cwe.2012.0074
    Kinealy, Christine, “Politics in Ireland” in Williams, Chris (ed.), A Companion to Nineteenth-Century Britain (Oxford: Blackwell, 2008), pp. 473–88.
    Kolchin, Peter, “Reexamining Southern emancipation in comparative perspective,” Journal of Southern History, 81(1) (2015), 7–40.
    Kolchin, Peter, “Slavery and freedom in the Civil War South” in McPherson, James and Cooper, William J. (eds.), Writing the Civil War: The Quest to Understand (Columbia, SC: University of South Carolina Press, 1998), pp. 241–60.
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    Dissertations
    Aladrén, Gabriel, “Sem Respeitar fé nem tratados: escravidão e guerra na formação histórica da fronteira sul do Brasil (Rio Grande de São Pedro, c. 1777–1835),” unpublished PhD thesis, Universidade Federal Fluminense (2012).
    Bryan, Charles F. Jr., “The Civil War in East Tennessee: a social, political, and economic study,” unpublished PhD thesis, University of Tennessee, Knoxville (1978).
    Criscione, Gianni, “La Camorra in Terra di Lavoro: Dalla repression post-unitaria a quella degli anni Venti del Novecento,” Tesi di Dottorato, Università degli Studi di Napoli “Federico II” (2012).
    Facineroso, Alessia, “La dimora del tempo sospeso. Il governo borbonico in esilio e le sue trame cospirative,” Tesi di Dottorato, Università degli Studi di Catania (2011).
    Garrett, Beatrice L., “The Confederate Government and the Unionists of East Tennessee,” Master’s thesis, University of Tennessee, Knoxville (1932).
    Glymph, Thavolia, “The Second Middle Passage: The Transition from Slavery to Freedom at Davis Bend, Mississippi,” unpublished PhD thesis, Purdue University (1994).
    Grant, Meredith Anne, “Internal dissent: East Tennessee’s Civil War, 1849–1865,” Master’s thesis, East Tennessee University (2008).
    Grifa, Massimo, “Il brigantaggio meridionale nella stampa clericale e moderata (1861–1865),” Tesi di Laurea in Lettere, Università degli Studi di Padova (2009).
    Harrell, Maegan K., “Parallel identities: Southern Appalachia and the Southern concepts of gender during the American Civil War,” Master’s thesis, East Tennessee State University (2014).
    Lathrop, Barnes Fletcher, “The Pugh plantations, 1860–1865: a study of life in Lower Louisiana,” unpublished PhD thesis, University of Texas, Austin (1945).
    Manchon, Pierre-Yves, “Guerre civile et formation de l’État dans le Midi d’Italie de lendemains de l’Unité (1860–1865). Histoire et usage du ‘Grand Brigandage’ en Basilicate,” Thèse de Doctorate d’histoire, Université Paris I Panthéon-Sorbonne and Università degli Studi di Napoli Federico II (2011).
    Mathisen, Erik Thomas, “State formation in Mississippi between slavery and redemption,” unpublished PhD thesis, University of Pennsylvania (2009).
    Mavillonio, Maria Grazia, “Donne Briganti in Basilicata (1861–1870),” Tesi di Laurea, Università degli Studi di Napoli L’Orientale (2007).
    Palazzo, Daniele, “Il brigantaggio nel Mezzogiorno dell’osso: l’area del Pollino,” Tesi di Dottorato, Università degli Studi di Napoli Federico II (2015).
    Peller-Semmens, Carin, “Unreconstructed: slavery and emancipation on Louisiana’s Red River, 1820–1880,” unpublished PhD thesis, University of Sussex (2016).
    Smith, Cathal, “Lords of land and labor: a comparison of antebellum Mississippi’s John A. Quitman and Nineteenth-Century Ireland’s Lord Clonbrock,” unpublished PhD thesis, National University of Ireland, Galway (2015).
    Stocksdale, Sally Ann, “In the midst of liberation: a comparison of a Russian estate and a Southern plantation at the moment of emancipation,” unpublished PhD thesis, University of Delaware (2016).
    Tucker, Ann L., “Newest born of nations: Southern thought on European nationalism and the creation of the Confederacy, 1828–1861,” unpublished PhD thesis, University of South Carolina (2014).
    Whelan, Paul A., “Unconventional warfare in East Tennessee, 1861–1865,” unpublished PhD thesis, University of Tennessee, Knoxville (1963).
    Woods, William Leon, “Travails of freedom: Mississippi blacks, 1862–1870,” unpublished PhD thesis, Princeton University (1979).
    Websites
    Atti del Parlamento Italiano, Discussioni della Camera dei Deputati, VIII Legislatura, Sessione 1863-1864, 1a Tornata del 31 Luglio 1863 [http://storia.camera.it/regno/lavori/leg08/sed490.pdf]
    Civil War Book Review [www.cwbr.com/civilwarbookreview/]
    Documenting the American South [docsouth.unc.edu]
    Southern Unionist Chronicles: Reflections on the Lives and Experiences of Southern Unionists, during and after the American Civil War [https://southernunionistchronicles.wordpress.com]

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