Colonial Captivity during the First World War: Internment and the Fall of the German Empire, 1914–1919

Mahon Murphy

doi:10.1017/9781108284530

References

Bibliography

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United Kingdom

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Samson, Anne, World War I in Africa: The Forgotten Conflict among the European Powers (I. B. Tauris, London, 2013).

Samson, Anne, Britain, South Africa and the East Africa Campaign, 1914–1918: The Union Comes of Age (I. B. Tauris, London, 2006).

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Sims, Richard, Japanese Political History since the Meiji Restoration 1868–2000 (Hurst and Co., London, 2001).

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Stevenson, David, With Our Backs to the Wall: Victory and Defeat in 1918 (Penguin, London, 2012).

Stevenson, David, 1914–1918: The History of the First World War (Penguin, London, 2004).

Stibbe, Matthew, British Civilian Internees in Germany: The Ruhleben Camp, 1914–18 (Manchester University Press, Manchester, UK, 2008).

Stibbe, Matthew (ed.), Captivity, Forced Labour and Forced Migration in Europe during the First World War (Routledge, London and New York, 2009).

Stibbe, Matthew, ‘Civilian Internment and Civilian Internees in Europe, 1914–1920’, in Stibbe, Matthew (ed.), Captivity, Forced Labour and Forced Migration in Europe during the First World War (Routledge, London and New York, 2009), 49–81.

Stibbe, Matthew ‘Gendered Experiences of Civilian Internment during the First World War: A Forgotten Dimension of Wartime Violence’, in Carden-Coyne, Ana (ed.), Gender and Conflict since 1914: Historical and Interdisciplinary Perspectives (Palgrave Macmillan, London, 2012), 14–28.

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Tamura, Ichiro, 板東俘虜収容所の全貌 (The Full Story of Bando Internment Camp) (Sakuhokusha, Tokyo, 2010).

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Vrdoljak, Ana Filipa, International Law, Museums and the Return of Cultural Objects (Cambridge University Press, Cambridge, 2008).

Wachsmann, Nikolaus, KL: A History of the Nazi Concentration Camps (Little and Brown, London, 2015).

Wagenbach, Katharina, ‘Die weiße Frau als Trägerin deutscher Kultur’: Koloniale Diskurse über Geschlecht, ‘Rasse’ und Klasse im Kaiserreich (Campus Verlag, Frankfurt, 2007).

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Wolf, Susanne, Guarded Neutrality: Diplomacy and Internment in the Netherlands during the First World War (Brill, Leiden, The Netherlands, 2013).

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Yamamuro, Shinichi, 複合戦争と総力戦の断層日本にとっての第一次世界大戦 (The Discrepancy between Complex and Total War, Japan in the First World War) (Jinbunshoin, Tokyo, 2011).

Yanikdag, Yucel, Healing the Nation: Prisoners of War, Medicine and Nationalism in Turkey, 1914–1939 (Edinburgh University Press, Edinburgh, 2013).

Yarnall, John, Barbed Wire Disease: British and German Prisoners of War 1914–1918 (Spellmont, Gloucestershire, UK, 2011).

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Zimmerer, Jürgen, Von Windhuk nach Auschwitz? Beiträge zum Verhältnis von Kolonialismus und Holocaust (Lit Verlag, Berlin, 2011).

Ziemann, Benjamin, Gewalt im Ersten Weltkrieg: Töten, Überleben, Verweigern (Klartext, Essen, 2013).

Zizek, Slavoj, Violence, Six Sideways Reflections (Picador, New York, 2008).

Journal Articles

Andrew, C. M., and Kanya-Forstner, K. S., ‘The French Colonial Party and French Colonial War Aims, 1914–1918’, The Historical Journal, 17, 1 (March 1974), pp. 79–106.

Balibar, Etienne, ‘The Nation Form: History and Ideology’, Review (Fernand Braudel Center), 13, 3 (Summer 1990), pp. 329–361.

Caglioti, Daniela L., ‘Property Rights in Time of War: Sequestration and Liquidation of Enemy Aliens’ Assets in Western Europe during the First World War’, Journal of Modern European History, 12, 4 (2014), pp. 523–545.

Cohen, Deborah, ‘Comparative History: Buyer Beware’, German Historical Institute Bulletin (Autumn 2001), pp. 23–33.

Crozier, Andrew, ‘Imperial Decline and the Colonial Question in Anglo-German Relations 1919–1939’, European History Quarterly 11 (1981), pp. 207–242.

Dedering, Tilman, and Manz, Stefan, ‘Enemy Aliens in Wartime: Civilian Internment in South Africa during World War I’, in South African Historical Journal, 68, 4 (November 2016), 536–556.

Edmunds, Sterling E., ‘The Laws of War: Their Rise in the Nineteenth Century and Their Collapse in the Twentieth’, Virginia Law Review, 15, 4 (February 1929), pp. 321–349.

Ekoko, Edho A., ‘The British Attitude towards Germany’s Colonial Irredentism in Africa in the Inter-War Years’, Journal of Contemporary History, 14, 2 (April 1979), pp. 287–307.

Gerwarth, Robert, and Malinowski, Stephan, ‘Hannah Arendt’s Ghosts: Reflections on the Disputable Path from Windhoek to Auschwitz’, Central European History, 42, 2 (2009), pp. 279–300.

Gewald, Jan-Bart, ‘Mbadamassi of Lagos: A Soldier for King and Kaiser, and a Deportee to German South West Africa’, African Diaspora 2 (2009), pp. 103–124.

Glidden, William B., ‘Internment Camps in America, 1917–1920’, Military Affairs, 37, 4 (1973), pp. 137–142.

Goldfarb Marquis, Alice, ‘Words as Weapons: Propaganda in Britain and Germany during the First World War’, Journal of Contemporary History, 13, 3 (July 1978), pp. 467–498.

Gullace, Nicoletta F., ‘Sexual Violence and Family Honour: British Propaganda and International Law in the First World War’, The American Historical Review, 102, 3 (June 1997).

Herwig, Holger, ‘Admirals versus Generals: The War Aims of the Imperial German Navy, 1914–1918’, Central European History, 5, 3 (September 1972), pp. 208–233.

Jones, Heather, ‘Kriegsgefangenlager: Der moderne Staat und die Radikalisierung der Gefangenschaft im Ersten Weltkrieg’, Hamburger Edition, 20, 4 (August/September 2011).

Joseph, Richard A., ‘The German Question in French Cameroun, 1919–1939’, Comparative Studies in Society and History, 17, 1 (January 1975), pp. 65–90.

Killingray, David, ‘The “Rod of Empire”: The Debate over Corporal Punishment in the British African Colonial Forces, 1888–1946’, Journal of African History, 35, 2 (July 1994), pp. 201–216.

Killingray, David, ‘Repercussions of World War I in the Gold Coast’, The Journal of African History, 19, 1, World War I and Africa (1978), pp. 39–59.

Killingray, David, and Matthews, James K., ‘“Beasts of Burden”: British West African Carriers in the First World War’, Canadian Journal of African Studies, 13, 1–2 (1979), pp. 5–23.

Koller, Christian, ‘Historiography 1918–Today (Africa)’, 1914–1918-online: International Encyclopedia of the First World War (2014), http://encyclopedia.1914–1918-online.net/article/historiography_1918-today_africa (last accessed 1 June 2017).

Kramer, Alan, ‘The First Wave of International War Crimes Trials: Istanbul and Leipzig’, European Review, 14, 4 (2006), pp. 441–455.

Louis, William Roger, ‘African Origins of the Mandates Idea’, International Organization, 19, 1 (Winter 1965), pp. 20–36.

Madley, Benjamin, ‘From Africa to Auschwitz: How German South-West Africa Incubated Ideas and Methods Adopted and Developed by the Nazis in Eastern Europe’, European History Quarterly 35, 3 (2005), pp. 429–464.

Makita, Yoshiya, ‘The Alchemy of Humanitarianism: The First World War, the Japanese Red Cross and the Creation of an International Public Health Order’, First World War Studies, 5, 1 (2014), pp. 117–129.

Naraoka, Sochi, 第一次大戦勃発時のドイツにおける日本人「捕虜 (Japanese in Germany at the Outbreak of the First World War [Prisoners]), The Tsingtao War German Soldiers’ Internment Camps Research Society Journal, 4 (2006), pp. 17–38.

Quinn, Frederick, ‘Charles Atangana of Yaounde’, The Journal of African History, 21, 4 (1980), pp. 485–495.

Quinn, Frederick, ‘An African Reaction to World War I: The Beti of Cameroon’, Cahiers d’études africaines, 13, 52 (1973), pp. 722–731.

Rachamimov, Alon, ‘The Disruptive Comforts of Drag: (Trans)Gender Performances among Prisoners of War in Russia, 1914–1920’, The American Historical Review, 11, 2 (2006), pp. 362–382.

Ramnath, Maia, ‘Two Revolutions: The Ghadar Movement and India’s Radical Diaspora, 1913–1918’, Radical History Review, 92 (Spring 2005), pp. 7–30.

Smith, Ian, and Stucki, Andreas, ‘The Colonial Development of Concentration Camps (1868–1902)’, The Journal of Imperial and Commonwealth History, 39, 3 (2011), pp. 417–437.

Stibbe, Matthew, ‘Civilian Internment in Europe: 1914–1920’, Immigrants and Minorities, 26, 1/2 (March/July 2008), pp. 49–81.

Strachan, Hew, ‘Review Article: The Origins of the First World War’, International Affairs Special Issue: The Great War, 90, 2 (March 2014), pp. 429–439.

Strachan, Hew, ‘The First World War as a Global War’, First World War Studies 1, 1 (2010), pp. 3–14.

Zimmerer, Jürgen, ‘Annihilation in Africa: The ‘Race War’ in German Southwest Africa (1904–1908) and Its Significance for a Global History of Genocide’, Bulletin of the German Historical Institute, 37 (Autumn 2005), pp. 51–57.

Doctoral Dissertations

Klein, Ulrike, ‘Deutsche Kriegsgefangene in japanische Gewahrsam 1914–1920, Ein Sonderfall’ (PhD thesis, Albert Ludwigs Universisität Freiburg, 1993).

Steinbach, Daniel, ‘Colonials in Conflict: The First World War in British and German East Africa’ (PhD thesis, Trinity College Dublin, 2014).

[1] FO 383: Prisoners of War and Aliens Department: General Correspondence from 1906, 1915–1919.

[2] FO 608: Peace Conference: British Delegation, Correspondence and Papers, 1918–1920.

[3] ADM 1/8457/119: HMS Astraea. Report of visit to Fernando Po, 1916.

[4] ADM 116/1494: Germans interned at Fernando Po, 1916–1917.

[5] ADM 137/4: Samoa and New Zealand expedition and the repair of the cable and wireless station at Fanning island, 1914–1915.

[6] CO 323: Colonies, General: Original Correspondence, 1689–1952.

[7] CO 667: Colonial Office: New Guinea (Former German Territory) Government Gazettes, 1914–1925.

[8] GFM 21: German war documents project: American Committee for Study of War Documents selection, 1855–1920.

[9] MT 23: Admiralty, Transport Department: Correspondence and Papers, 1795–1917.

[10] WO 95: War Office: First World War and Army of Occupation War Diaries, 1914–1923.

[11] WO 106: War Office: Directorate of Military Operations and Military Intelligence, and Predecessors: Correspondence and Papers, 1837–1962.

[12] WO 158: War Office: Military Headquarters: Correspondence and Papers, First World War, 1909–1929.

[13] 03(94).81/3–0, Hughes, Wm., Rabaul: Alleged Misuse of Red Cross Gifts and Looting by Military Officers and Privates, 22 July 1915

[14] [K] 6248, Correspondence Relative to the Alleged Ill Treatment of German Subjects Captured in the Cameroons, November 1915.

[15] P277, A. H. Dickinson, ‘The First World War Papers of A. H. Dickinson’.

[16] RP/1, Singapore 1918.

[17] Courtney MSS 12/58. Lord Newton to Lady Courtney, 9 May 1917.

[18] E(I)/403. The Mandated Territories of South-West Africa, 23 July 1924.

[19] MS Rumbold Dep 19

[20] R67: Einzelne Kriegs- und Zivilgefangenlager (Pressausschintte; Ausschnitte aus internen Wochenberichten, Gefangenenbriefen, Erfahrungsberichten von Ausgetauschten sowie Berichten der amerikanischen und schweizerischen Gesandtschaften).

[21] R1001/877–894: Behandlung deutscher Kriegsgefangener aus Deutsch-Ostafrika in Gefangenenlagern und deren Heimschaffung, 1915–1925.

[22] R1001/903: Behandlung der in portugiesische Gefangenenschaftgeratenen Deutschen aus Deutsch-Ostafrika und deren Heimschaffung, 1916–1919.

[23] R1001/906: ‘Grobe Verstöße’ feindlicher Truppen gegen Freiheit, Leben und Eigentum der Deutschen in Deutsch-Ostafrika. –Materialsammlung, 1916–1920.

[24] R1001/2345: Verpflegung, Unterstützung und Heimschaffung mittelloser Personen. – Samoa, 1910–1935.

[25] R1001/2611–2638: Krieg in Deutsch-Neuguinea 1914–1918.

[26] R1001/3794: Grenzstreitfragen und Grenzverletzungen in Kamerun, 1889–1914.

[27] R1001/3940–3994: Krieg in Kamerun, 1914–1918.

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[42] The Hague Convention 1907: http://avalon.law.yale.edu/20th_century/hague04.asp.

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[48] Berliner Illustrierte Zeitung

[49] The Daily Mail

[50] The Daily Telegraph

[51] Frankfurter Zeitung

[52] Die Freiheit

[53] Hamburger Nachrichten

[54] The Irish Catholic

[55] The Japan Times

[56] Kolonialzeitung

[57] Kölnische Zeitung

[58] The New Zealand Herald Tribune

[59] The News (Australia)

[60] Nordallgäu Zeitung

[61] Norddeutsche Allgemeine Zeitung

[62] Soester Anzeiger

[63] The Star (South Africa)

[64] The Sydney Morning Herald

[65] Der Tag

[66] Tokyo Nichi Nichi Shinbun

[67] Weser Zeitung

[68] Vossische Zeitung

Colonial Captivity during the First World War

Internment and the Fall of the German Empire, 1914–1919

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