Abakumova, Mariia. “Vybory nachalis' so skandala.” Vremia-Moskovskie novosti, October 19, 2001
Abbott, Andrew. Time Matters: On Theory and Method. Chicago: University of Chicago Press, 2001
Afrobarometer Network. “Afrobarometer Round 2: Compendium of Comparative Results from a 15-Country Survey.” Afrobarometer Working Paper No. 34, March 2004. Online at afrobarometer.org. Site consulted June 2004
Albats, Evgenia. “Kremlin Has Killed Russian Democracy.” St. Petersburg Times, May 8, 2001
Albion, Adam. “Reinventing Turkmen Government.” Central Asia Report of Radio Free Europe/Radio Liberty 3, 28, August 22, 2003. Online at rfefr.org/reports/centralasia. Site consulted February 2004
Alekseev, Sergei. “Drama vlasti ⅴ Rossii.” Izvestiia, April 29, 1993
Alesina, Alberto, Arnaud Devleeschauwer, William Easterly, Sergio Kurlat, and Romain Wacziarg. “Fractionalization.” December 2002. Online at stanford.edu/∼wacziarg/∼downloads/fractionalization. Site consulted December 2002
Alexander, James, and Grävingholt, Jörn. “Evaluating Democratic Progress Inside Russia: The Komi Republic and the Republic of Bashkortostan.” Democratization 9, 4 (Winter 2002): 77–105
Alexander, James, Andrei A. Degtyarev, and Vladimir Gelman. “Democratization Challenged: The Role of Regional Elites.” In Blair A. Ruble, Jodi Koehn, and Nancy Popson, eds., Fragmented Space in the Russian Federation. Washington, DC: Woodrow Wilson Center, 2002: 157–218
Ames, Barry. The Deadlock of Democracy in Brazil: Interests, Identities, and Institutions in Comparative Perspective. Ann Arbor: University of Michigan Press, 2001
Amsden, Alice H., Kochanowicz, Jacek, and Taylor, Lance. The Market Meets Its Match: Restructuring Economies in Eastern Europe. Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press, 1998
“‘And They Call This Elections?’” Editorial in the Moscow Times, December 16, 1999
Anderson, Richard D., Fish, M. Steven, Hanson, Stephen E., and Roeder, Philip G.. Postcommunism and the Theory of Democracy. Princeton, NJ: Princeton University Press, 2002
Andrews, Josephine T., and Montinola, Gabriella R.. “Veto Players and the Rule of Law in Emerging Democracies.” Comparative Political Studies 37, 1 (February 2004): 55–87
Andrusenko, Lidiia, and Shapovalov, Aleksandr. “TsIK reshil pomoch' kommunistam.” Nezavisimaia gazeta, September 8, 2001
Appel, Hilary. A New Capitalist Order: Privatization and Ideology in Russia and Eastern Europe. Pittsburgh, PA: University of Pittsburgh Press, 2004
Arbatov, Georgi. “Origins and Consequences of ‘Shock Therapy.’” In Klein, Lawrence R. and Pomer, Marshall, eds. The New Russia: Transition Gone Awry. Stanford, CA: Stanford University Press, 2001: 171–8
Aris, Ben. “Weaning off the Barrel.” Moscow Times, June 3, 2002
Armony, Ariel C.The Dubious Link: Civic Engagement and Democratization. Stanford, CA: Stanford University Press, 2004
Arnett, Anthony. “Social Fractionalization, Political Instability, and the Size of Government.” International Monetary Fund Staff Papers 48, 3 (2001). Online at ideas.repec.org. Site consulted March 2003
Ashwin, Sarah. Russian Workers: The Anatomy of Patience. Manchester, UK: Manchester University Press, 1999
Ashwin, Sarah. “Social Partnership or a ‘Complete Sellout’? Russian Trade Unions' Responses to Conflict.” British Journal of Industrial Relations 42, 1 (March 2004): 23–46
Åslund, Anders. Building Capitalism. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 2000
Auty, Richard. Resource-Based Industrialization: Sowing the Oil in Eight Developing Countries. Oxford: Clarendon Press, 1990
Badkhen, Anna. “Greens' Signatures Dumped by Central Electoral Commission (TsIK: Tsentral'naia izbiratel'naia komissiia).” Moscow Times, November 30, 2000
Bahry, Donna, Boaz, Cynthia, and Stacy, Burnett Gordon. “Tolerance, Transition and Support for Civil Liberties in Russia.” Comparative Political Studies 30, 5 (August 1997): 484–510
Balian, Hrair. “Organization for Security and Cooperation in Europe: Election-Fraud Report Was Unfair.” Moscow Times, October 28, 2000
Balzer, Harley. “Managed Pluralism: Vladimir Putin's Emerging Regime.” Post-Soviet Affairs 19, 3 (July–September 2003): 189–227
Balzer, Harley. “Russia's Middle Classes.” Post-Soviet Affairs 14, 2 (April–June 1998): 165–86
Barany, Zoltan D. “Politics and the Russian Armed Forces.” In Barany, Zoltan D. and Moser, Robert G., eds., Russian Politics: Challenges of Democratization. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 2001: 175–214
Barkhatova, Nonna. “Russian Small Business, Authorities, and the State.” Europe-Asia Studies 52, 4 (June 2000): 657–76
Barro, Robert J. “Determinants of Democracy.” Journal of Political Economy 6, 107 (December 1999): 158–83
Bashkirova, Elena, and Melville, Andrei. “Russian Public Opinion Between Elections.” International Social Science Journal 47, 4 (December 1995): 553–65
Baylis, Thomas A. “Presidents Versus Prime Ministers: Shaping Executive Authority in Eastern Europe.” World Politics 48, 3 (April 1996): 297–323
Beinin, Joel, and Stork, Joe, eds. Political Islam. Berkeley: University of California Press, 1997
Belin, Laura. “The SPS's Television Ads: A Case Study of Poor Image Construction.” RFE/RL Russian Election Special, December 9, 2003[a]
Belin, Laura. “The Yabloko Campaign on Television.” RFE/RL Russian Election Special, December 10, 2003[b]
Bellin, Eva. “The Robustness of Authoritarianism in the Middle East: Exceptionalism in Comparative Perspective.” Comparative Politics 36, 2 (January 2004): 139–57
Belton, Catherine. “Sibneft Hit with $1 Billion Tax Claim.” Moscow Times, March 3, 2004
Berger, Mikhail. “Privatizatsiia ugrozhaet dikatura proletariata.” Izvestiia, June 3, 1992
Berman, Sheri. “Civil Society and the Collapse of the Weimar Republic.” World Politics 49, 3 (April 1997): 401–29
Bermeo, Nancy. Ordinary People in Extraordinary Times: The Citizenry in the Breakdown of Democracy. Princeton, NJ: Princeton University Press, 2003
Biberaj, Elez. Albania in Transition: The Rocky Road to Democracy. Boulder, CO: Westview, 1999
Biianova, Nataliia, and Selivanova, Mariia. “‘O kakom razvitii malogo biznesa mozhno govorit’: Otkaza odnogo vedmstva ot odnoi iz funktsii dlia etogo iavno nedostatochno.” Gazeta GZT.ru, August 21, 2003. Online at gzt.ru. Site consulted September 2003
Bim, Alexander, and Iskyan, Kim. “The End of the Putin Reform Era.” Moscow Times, October 21, 2003
Bobbio, Norberto. The Future of Democracy. Minneapolis: University of Minnesota Press, 1987
Bobbio, Norberto. Liberalism and Democracy. London: Verso, 1990
Boix, Carles, and Stokes, Susan. “Endogenous Democratization.” World Politics 55, 4 (July 2003): 517–49
“Boris Nemtsov” and “The Russian Federation Votes, 2003–2004.” RFE/RL Election Special, December 2003. Online at rferl.org/specials/russianelection/ bio/nemtsov.asp. Site consulted January 2004
Borisov, Sergei. “Russia: A President Without Rivals.” Transitions Online, January 6–12, 2004. Online at tol.cz. Site consulted March 2004
Borisova, Yevgenia. “Fury as Fisheries Job Goes to Nazdratenko.” St. Petersburg Times, February 27, 2001
Borisova, Yevgenia, and Aliev, Timur. “Activists See Fraud at Chechen Poll.” Moscow Times, October 8, 2003
Borisova, Yevgenia, Peach, Gary, Chernyakova, Nonna, and Nunayev, Mayerbeck. “Baby Boom or Dead Souls?” Moscow Times, September 9, 2000[a]. Online at themoscowtimes.com. Site consulted January 2003
Borisova, Yevgenia, Peach, Gary, Chernyakova, Nonna, and Nunayev, Mayerbeck. “How Many Forgeries?” Moscow Times, September 9, 2000[b]. Online at themoscowtimes.com. Site consulted January 2003
Borisova, Yevgenia, Peach, Gary, Chernyakova, Nonna, and Nunayev, Mayerbeck. “Special Report on the Presidential Election: And the Winner Is?” Moscow Times, September 9, 2000. Part 1 is 2000[c]; Part 2 is 2000[d]; Part 3 is 2000[e]. Online at themoscowtimes.com. Site consulted January 2003
Borón, Atilio A. “Faulty Democracies? A Reflection on the Capitalist ‘Fault Lines’ in Latin America.” In Agüero, Felipe and Stark, Jeffrey, eds., Fault Lines of Democracy in Post-Transition Latin America. Coral Gables, FL: North-South Center Press at the University of Miami, 1998: 41–65
Brader, Ted, and Joshua A. Tucker. “It's Nothing Personal? The Appeal of Party Leaders and the Development of Partisanship in Russia.” Paper delivered at the annual meeting of the Midwest Political Science Association, Chicago, April 2002
Bransten, Jeremy. “Russia: Corruption Continues to Thrive, Say Researchers.” Radio Free Europe/Radio Liberty Report, June 4, 2002. Online at www.rferl.org. Site consulted July 2003
Bratton, Michael. “State-Building and Democratization in Sub-Saharan Africa: Forwards, Backwards, or Together?” Paper delivered at the conference on Democratic Advancements and Setbacks: What Have We Learned? Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden, June 2004
Bratton, Michael, Mattes, Robert, and , E. Gyimah-Boadi. Public Opinion, Democracy, and Market Reform in Africa. New York: Cambridge University Press, 2004
Breslauer, George W.Gorbachev and Yeltsin as Leaders. New York: Cambridge University Press, 2002
Breslauer, George W. “Reflections on the Anniversary of the August 1991 Coup.” Post-Soviet Affairs 8, 2 (April–June 1992): 164–73
Brovkin, Vladimir. “The Emperor's New Clothes: Continuity of Soviet Political Culture in Contemporary Russia.” Problems of Post-Communism 43, 2 (March–April 1996): 21–8
Brown, Frank. “Spreading the Word in a Gray Area.” Moscow Times, March 21, 1998
Brudny, Yitzhak M. “Ruslan Khasbulatov, Aleksandr Rutskoi, and Intraelite Conflict in Postcommunist Russia, 1991–1994.” In Timothy J. Colton and Robert C. Tucker, eds., Patterns in Post-Soviet Leadership. Boulder, CO: Westview, 1995: 75–101
Brzezinski, Matthew. Casino Moscow: A Tale of Greed and Adventure on Capitalism's Wildest Frontier. New York: Free Press, 2001
Bukharin, Nikolai. “Novyi sub”ekt politicheskoi zhizni.” Vlast' 7, 1995: 19–21
Bunce, Valerie. “Comparative Democratization: Big and Bounded Generalizations.” Comparative Political Studies 33, 6/7 (August–September 2000): 703–34
Bunce, Valerie. “The Political Economy of Postsocialism.” Slavic Review 58, 4 (Winter 1999): 756–93
Bunce, Valerie. “Recent Democratization in Postcommunist Eurasia: Regional Trends and Cross-Regional Comparisons.” Paper delivered at the conference on Democratic Advancements and Setbacks: What Have We Learned? Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden, June 2004
Bunce, Valerie. “Rethinking Recent Democratization: Lessons from the Postcommunist Experience.” World Politics 55, 2 (January 2003): 167–92
Burawoy, Michael. “Industrial Involution: The Russian Road to Capitalism.” In Burgit Müller, ed., A La Recherche des Certitudes Perdues. Berlin: Centre Marc Bloch, 1996[a]: 11–57
Burawoy, Michael. “The State and Economic Involution: Russia Through a China Lens.” World Development 24, 6 (1996[b]): 1105–17
Burkhart, Ross E., and Indra de Soysa. “Open Borders, Open Regimes? Testing Causal Direction Between Globalization and Democracy, 1970–2000.” ZEF Discussion Papers on Development Policy No. 67, Center for Development Research, Bonn, April 2003
Callaghy, Thomas M. “Africa: Back to the Future?” Journal of Democracy, 5, 4 (October 1994): 133–45
Callaghy, Thomas M. “Political Passions and Economic Interests: Economic Reform and Political Structure in Africa.” In Callaghy, Thomas M. and Ravenhill, John, eds., Hemmed In: Responses to Africa's Economic Decline. New York: Columbia University Press, 1993: 463–519
Carothers, Thomas. “Civil Society: Think Again.” Foreign Policy 117 (Winter 1999/2000): 18–29
Central Intelligence Agency. The World Factbook 2000. Washington, DC: Brassey's, 2000
Central Intelligence Agency. The World Factbook 2003. Washington, DC: Brassey's, 2003
Centre for Economic and Financial Research. “Monitoring Administrative Barriers to Small Business Developments in Russia: Second Round.” Report of the Centre for Economic and Financial Research and the World Bank, February 5, 2003, Moscow. Online at cfir.ru. Site consulted September 2003
Chambers, Simone, and Kopstein, Jeffrey. “Bad Civil Society.” Political Theory 29, 6 (December 2001): 838–66
Chaudhry, Kiren Aziz. The Price of Wealth: Economies and Institutions in the Middle East. Ithaca, NY: Cornell University Press, 1997
Chekalkin, Vladimir. “Osobennosti otechestvennoi izbiratel'noi kampannii.” Vlast' 7, 1995: 13–18
Chinayeva, Elena. “Profile: Boris Nemtsov, a Rising Star in the Russian Provinces.” Transition 2, 4 (February 23, 1996): 36–38
Chua, Amy. World on Fire: How Exporting Free Market Democracy Breeds Ethnic Hatred and Global Instability. New York: Doubleday, 2003
Clark, John F. “Petro-Politics in Congo.” Journal of Democracy 8, 3 (July 1997): 62–76
Clark, Victoria. Why Angels Fall: A Journey Through Orthodox Europe from Byzantium to Kosovo. New York: Palgrave Macmillan, 2000
Clarke, Simon, and Sarah Ashwin. Russian Trade Unions and Industrial Relations in Transition. New York: Palgrave Macmillan, 2003
Cohen, Stephen F. Failed Crusade: America and the Tragedy of Post-Communist Russia. New York: Norton, 2000
Collier, David, and Levitsky, Steven. “Democracy with Adjectives: Conceptual Innovation in Comparative Research.” World Politics 49, 3 (April 1997): 430–51
Colton, Timothy J. “Superpresidentialism and Russia's Backward State.” Post-Soviet Affairs 11, 2 (April–June 1995): 144–8
Colton, Timothy J.Transitional Citizens: Voters and What Influences Them in the New Russia. Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press, 2000
Colton, Timothy J., and McFaul, Michael. “Are Russians Undemocratic?” Post-Soviet Affairs 18, 2 (April–June 2002): 91–121
Colton, Timothy J., and Michael McFaul. Popular Choice and Managed Democracy: The Russian Elections of 1999 and 2000. Washington, DC: Brookings, 2003
Colton, Timothy J., and McFaul, Michael. “Reinventing Russia's Party of Power: ‘Unity’ and the 1999 Duma Election.” Post-Soviet Affairs 16, 3 (July–September 2000): 201–24
Committee to Protect Journalists. Attacks on the Press, 2001: Russia. Online at www.cpj.org. Site consulted December 2002
Constant, Benjamin. Political Writings. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 2000
Coppedge, Michael. “The Conditional Impact of the Economy on Democracy in Latin America.” Paper delivered at the conference on Democratic Advancements and Setbacks: What Have We Learned? Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden, June 2004
“Court Cancels Far East Race.” Moscow Times, December 18, 1999
Crowley, Stephen. “Barriers to Collective Action: Steelworkers and Mutual Dependence in the Former Soviet Union.” World Politics 46, 4 (July 1994): 589–615
Crowley, Stephen, and David Ost, eds. Workers After Workers' States: Labor and Politics in Postcommunist Eastern Europe. Oxford: Rowman and Littlefield, 2001
Dahl, Robert A.Dilemmas of Pluralist Democracy. New Haven, CT: Yale University Press, 1982
Dahl, Robert A.Polyarchy. New Haven, CT: Yale University Press, 1971
Dahl, Robert A. “Why Free Markets Are Not Enough.” Journal of Democracy 3, 3 (July 1992): 82–9
“Data on Small Moscow Businesses Posted.” Pravda. RU, February 25, 2003. Online at Pravda.ru. Site consulted September 2003
Davis, Charles L.,Camp, Roderic Ai, and Coleman, Kenneth M.. “The Influence of Party Systems on Citizens' Perceptions of Corruption and Electoral Response in Latin America.” Comparative Political Studies 37, 6 (August 2004): 677–703
Melo, Martha, Denizer, Cebdet, and Gelb, Alan. “Patterns of Transition from Plan to Market.” World Bank Economic Review 10, 3 (1996): 397–424; and subsequent updates
Derbyshire, J. Denis, and Ian Derbyshire. Political Systems of the World. New York: St. Martin's, 1996
Dewhirst, Martin. “Censorship in Russia, 1991 and 2001.” Journal of Communist Studies and Transition Politics 18, 1 (March 2002): 21–34
Diamond, Larry. Deepening Democracy: Toward Consolidation. Baltimore: Johns Hopkins University Press, 1999
Diamond, Larry. “Democracy and Economic Reform.” In Lazear, Edward P., ed., Economic Transition in Eastern Europe and Russia. Stanford, CA: Hoover Institution Press, 1995: 107–58
Dine, Thomas A. “Free Press in Russia and Ukraine: A Key to Integration in Europe.” In Karlekar, Karin Deutsch, ed., Freedom of the Press 2003: A Global Survey of Media Independence. New York: Freedom House, 2003: 41–6
Di Palma, Giuseppe. “Legitimation from the Top to Civil Society: Politico-Cultural Change in Eastern Europe.” World Politics 44, 1 (October 1991[a]): 49–80
Di Palma, Giuseppe. To Craft Democracies: An Essay on Democratic Transitions. Berkeley: University of California Press, 1990
Di Palma, Giuseppe. “Why Democracy Can Work in Eastern Europe.” Journal of Democracy 2, 1 (Winter 1991[b]): 21–31
Dolgov, Anna. “New Fears Arise over Danger to Journalists.” St. Petersburg Times, March 9, 2001
Donskis, Leonidas. “The Autumn of Lithuania's Discontent.” Transitions Online, December 5, 2003. Online at tol.cz. Site consulted January 2004
Drobizheva, Leokadiya. “Comparison of Elite Groups in Tatarstan, Sakha, Magadan, and Orenburg.” Post-Soviet Affairs 15, 4 (October–December 1999): 387–406
Dryzek, John S., and Holmes, Leslie. “The Real World of Civic Republicanism: Making Democracy Work in Poland and the Czech Republic.” Europe-Asia Studies 52, 6 (September 2000): 1043–68
Duncan, Peter J. S. Russian Messianism: Third Rome, Holy Revolution, Communism and After. London: Routledge, 2000
Durkheim, Emile. The Division of Labor in Society. New York: Free Press, 1997
Durkheim, Emile. The Elementary Forms of Religious Life. New York: Free Press, 1995
Durkheim, Emile. Professional Ethics and Civic Morals. London: Routledge, 1992
Durkheim, Emile. The Rules of the Sociological Method, ed. Steven Lukes. New York: Free Press, 1982
Duverger, Maurice. “A New Political System Model: Semi-Presidential Government.” European Journal of Political Research 8, 1 (June 1980): 165–87
Easter, Gerald M. “Preference for Presidentialism: Postcommunist Regime Change in Russia and the NIS.” World Politics 49, 2 (January 1997): 184–211
Easter, Gerald M. “The Russian Tax Police.” Post-Soviet Affairs 18, 4 (October–December 2002): 332–62
EastWest Institute. Russian Regional Report 5, 42 (November 15, 2000). Online at www.isn.ethz.ch. Site consulted July 2003
Ebel, Robert, and Rajan Menon, eds. Energy and Conflict in Central Asia and the Caucasus. Lanham, MD: Rowman and Littlefield, 2000
“Editor Attacked.” Moscow Times, July 1, 1998
Elgie, Robert. “The Classification of Democratic Regime Types: Conceptual Ambiguity and Contestable Assumptions.” European Journal of Political Research 33, 2 (March 1998): 219–38
Elgie, Robert, ed. Semi-Presidentialism in Europe. Oxford: Oxford University Press, 1999
Elklit, J⊘rgen, and Reynolds, Andrew. “The Impact of Election Administration on the Legitimacy of Emerging Democracies: A New Comparative Politics Research Agenda.” Commonwealth and Comparative Politics 40, 2 (July 2002): 86–119
Elster, Jon, ed. The Roundtable Talks and the Breakdown of Communism. Chicago: University of Chicago Press, 1996
Encarnación, Omar G. “On Bowling Leagues and NGOs: A Critique of Civil Society's Revival.” Studies in Comparative International Development 36, 4 (Winter 2002): 116–31
Esposito, John L., and Voll, John O.. Islam and Democracy. New York: Oxford University Press, 1996
Evans, Peter. “The Eclipse of the State? Reflections on Stateness in an Era of Globalization.” World Politics 50, 1 (October 1997): 62–87
Fairbanks, Charles H. “The Feudalization of the State.” Journal of Democracy 10, 2 (April 1999): 47–53
Fearon, James D., and Laitin, David D.. “Ethnicity, Insurgency, and Civil War,” American Political Science Review 97, 1 (February 2003): 75–90
Fearon, James D., and Laitin, David D.. “Explaining Interethnic Cooperation.” American Political Science Review 90, 4 (December 1996): 715–35
Feifer, Gregory. “Who Pulls Prosecutor's Strings?” St. Petersburg Times, July 18, 2000
Filipov, David. “Putin's Paradox: In Public, He's Boss; Behind the Scenes, He Takes Cues.” Boston Globe, June 21, 2003
Filippov, Petr. “Kuda poshel protsess?” Delovoi mir, February 6–13, 1994
Fish, M. Steven. “Democracy and Russian Politics.” In Barany, Zoltan D. and Moser, Robert G., eds., Russian Politics: Challenges of Democratization. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 2001[a]: 215–54
Fish, M. Steven. Democracy from Scratch: Opposition and Regime in the New Russian Revolution. Princeton, NJ: Princeton University Press, 1995
Fish, M. Steven. “The Determinants of Economic Reform in the Post-Communist World.” East European Politics and Societies 12, 1 (Winter 1998[a]): 31–78
Fish, M. Steven. “The Impact of the 1999–2000 Parliamentary and Presidential Elections on Political Party Development.” In Hesli, Vicki L. and Reisinger, William M., eds., The 1999–2000 Elections in Russia: Their Impact and Legacy. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 2003: 186–212
Fish, M. Steven. “Islam and Authoritarianism.” World Politics 55, 1 (October 2002): 4–37
Fish, M. Steven. “Mongolia: Democracy Without Prerequisites.” Journal of Democracy 9, 3 (July 1998[b]): 127–41
Fish, M. Steven. “The Predicament of Russian Liberalism: Evidence from the December 1995 Parliamentary Elections.” Europe-Asia Studies 49, 2 (March 1997): 191–220
Fish, M. Steven. “Putin's Path.” Journal of Democracy 12, 4 (October 2001[b]): 71–8
Fish, M. Steven. “The Roots of and Remedies for Russia's Racket Economy.” In Stephen S. Cohen, Andrew Schwartz, and John Zysman, eds., The Tunnel at the End of the Light: Privatization, Business Networks, and Economic Transformation in Russia. Berkeley: University of California International and Area Studies, 1998[c]: 86–137
Fish, M. Steven, and Brooks, Robin S.. “Does Diversity Hurt Democracy?” Journal of Democracy 15, 1 (January 2004): 155–66
Fish, M. Steven, and Matthew Kroenig. The Legislative Powers Survey and The Parliamentary Powers Index. 2004
Flikke, Geir. “Patriotic Left-Centrism: The Zigzags of the Communist Party of the Russian Federation.” Europe-Asia Studies 51, 2 (March 1999): 275–98
Freeland, Chrystia. Sale of the Century: Russia's Wild Ride from Communism to Capitalism. New York: Crown, 2000
Friedman, Milton. Capitalism and Freedom. Chicago: University of Chicago Press, 1962
Frye, Timothy. Brokers and Bureaucrats: Market Institutions in Russia. Ann Arbor: University of Michigan Press, 2000
Frye, Timothy. “Markets, Democracy, and New Private Business in Russia.” Post-Soviet Affairs 19, 1 (January–March 2003): 24–45
Frye, Timothy. “Presidents, Parliaments, and Democracy: Insights from the Post-Communist World.” In Reynolds, Andrew, ed., The Architecture of Democracy: Constitutional Design, Conflict Management, and Democracy. New York: Oxford University Press, 2002[a]: 81–103
Frye, Timothy. “Private Protection in Russia and Poland.” American Journal of Political Science 46, 3 (July 2002[b]): 572–84
Frye, Timothy and Shleifer, Andrei. “The Invisible Hand and the Grabbing Hand.” American Economic Review 87, 2 (May 1997): 354–8
Fuller, Liz. “Ballot Fails to Elect New President After Strongest Candidate Excluded from Ballot.” RFE/RL Russian Report 4, 13 (April 10, 2002[a])
Fuller, Liz. “No Holds Barred in North Ossetian Election Campaign.” Caucasus Report of Radio Free Europe/Radio Liberty 5, 4 (January 2002[b])
Gaidar, Egor. Zapiski iz zala. Moscow: Evraziia, 1995
Geddes, Barbara. “Initiation of New Democratic Institutions in Eastern Europe and Latin America.” In Arend Lijphart and Carlos H. Waisman, eds., Institutional Design in New Democracies: Eastern Europe and Latin America. Boulder, CO: Westview, 1996: 15–41
Geddes, Barbara. Politician's Dilemma: Building State Capacity in Latin America. Berkeley: University of California Press, 1994
Gelman, Vladimir. “Regime Transition, Uncertainty and Prospects for Democratisation: The Politics of Russia's Regions in Comparative Perspective.” Europe-Asia Studies 51, 6 (September 1999): 939–65
Gelman, Vladimir, Sergei Ryzhenkov, and Igor Semenov. “Saratovskaia oblast': Pobeditel' poluchaet vse.” In Vladimir Gelman et al., eds., Rossiia regionov: Transformatsiia politicheskikh rezhimov. Moscow: Ves' mir, 2000: 109–45
Geremek, Bronislaw. “The Transformation of Central Europe.” In Diamond, Larry and Plattner, Marc F., eds., Democracy After Communism. Baltimore: Johns Hopkins University Press, 2002: 120–4
Gerring, John. Social Science Methodology: A Critical Framework. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 2001
Gerschenkron, Alexander. Economic Backwardness in Historical Perspective. Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press, 1962
Gibson, James L. “Becoming Tolerant? Short-Term Changes in Russian Political Culture.” British Journal of Political Science 32, 2 (April 2002): 309–34
Gibson, James L. “The Russian Dance with Democracy.” Post-Soviet Affairs 17, 2 (April–June 2001): 101–28
Gibson, James L. “The Struggle Between Order and Liberty in Contemporary Russian Political Culture.” Australian Journal of Political Science 32, 2 (July 1997): 271–90
Gill, Graeme J. The Dynamics of Democratization: Elites, Civil Society and the Transition Process. New York: Palgrave Macmillan, 2000
“Glava gosudarstva podderzhal FPG.” Segodnia, April 2, 1996
Globachev, Mikhail. “A Shot of Fright.” New Times, June 2003. Online at www.newtimes.ru. Site consulted June 2003
Goldman, Marshall I.Lost Opportunity: Why Economic Reforms in Russia Have Not Worked. New York: Free Press, 1994
Goldman, Marshall I.The Piratization of Russia: Russian Reform Goes Awry. New York: Routledge, 2003
Goldman, Marshall I. “Russian Energy: A Blessing and a Curse.” Journal of International Affairs 53, 1 (Fall 1999): 73–84
Goldthorpe, John H. “Current Issues in Comparative Macrosociology: A Debate on Methodological Issues.” Comparative Social Research 16 (1997): 1–26
Golosov, Grigorii V. “Russian Political Parties and the ‘Bosses’: Evidence from the 1994 Provincial Elections in Western Siberia.” Party Politics 3, 1 (January 1997): 5–21
Golosov, Grigorii V. “The Vicious Circle of Party Underdevelopment in Russia: The Regional Connection.” International Political Science Review 24, 4 (October 2003): 427–43
Goodwin, Jan. Price of Honor: Muslim Women Lift the Veil of Silence in the Islamic World. New York: Penguin, 1995
Gordon, Leonid. Nadezhda ili ugroza. Moscow: IMEMO, 1995
Gott, Richard. In the Shadow of the Liberator: The Impact of Hugo Chavez on Venezuela and Latin America. London: Verso, 2001
“Government Challenged to Root out Corruption.” Russia Journal, February 19, 2004. Online at russiajournal.com. Site consulted March 2004
Granville, Brigitte. The Success of Russian Economic Reforms. Washington, DC: Brookings, 1995
Green, Andrew T. “Comparative Development of Post-communist Civil Societies.” Europe-Asia Studies 54, 3 (May 2002): 455–71
Grimes, Barbara F., ed. Ethnologue Languages of the World, 14th ed. Dallas: SIL International, 2000
Gudkov, Lev. “O legitimosti sotsial'nogo poriadka ⅴ Rossii.” Vestnik obshchestvennogo mneniia 70, 2 (March–April 2004): 8–17
Gunnemark, Erik V. Countries, Peoples, and Their Languages: The Geolinguistic Handbook. Dallas: SIL International, 1991
Gunther, Richard, and Anthony Mughan. “Political Institutions and Cleavage Management.” In R. Kent Weaver and Bert A. Rockman, eds., Do Institutions Matter? Government Capabilities in the United States and Abroad. Washington, DC: Brookings, 1993: 272–301
Gurr, Ted Robert, Monty G. Marshall, and Keith Jaggers. Polity IV Project: Political Regime Characteristics and Transitions, 1800–2002. Online at cidcm.umd.edu/inscr/polity/index.htm#data. Site consulted April 2004
Gvosdev, Nikolas K. Emperors and Elections: Reconciling the Orthodox Tradition with Modern Politics. Hauppauge, NY: Nova, 2000[a]
Gvosdev, Nikolas K. “The New Party Card? Orthodoxy and the Search for Post-Soviet Russian Identity.” Problems of Post-Communism 47, 6 (November–December 2000[b]): 29–38
Gwartney, James, and Robert Lawson with Neil Emerick. Economic Freedom of the World: 2003 Annual Report. Vancouver, BC: The Fraser Institute, 2003. Online at fraserinstitute.ca. Site consulted August 2003
Hadenius, Axel. Institutions and Democratic Citizenship. Oxford: Oxford University Press, 2001
Hadenius, Axel, and Jan Teorell. “Evaluating Alternative Indices of Democracy.” Paper delivered at the annual meeting of the American Political Science Association, Chicago, August 2004
Hahn, Jeffrey W. “St. Petersburg and the Decline of Local Self-Government in Post-Soviet Russia.” Post-Soviet Affairs 20, 2 (April–June 2004): 107–31
Hale, Henry E. “Explaining Machine Politics in Russia's Regions: Economy, Ethnicity, and Legacy.” Post-Soviet Affairs 19, 3 (July–September 2003): 228–63
Hale, Henry E. “The Regionalization of Autocracy in Russia.” PONARS Policy Memo 42, Harvard University, November 1998
Hall, Peter A. “Aligning Ontology and Methodology in Comparative Politics.” In Mahoney, James and Rueschemeyer, Dietrich, eds., Comparative Historical Analysis in the Social Sciences. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 2003: 373–404
Hanson, Philip. “The Russian Economic Recovery: Do Four Years of Growth Tell Us That the Fundamentals Have Changed?” Europe-Asia Studies 55, 3 (May 2003): 365–82
Hanson, Stephen E. “Instrumental Democracy: The End of Ideology and the Decline of Russian Political Parties.” In Hesli, Vicki L. and Reisinger, William M., eds., The 1999–2000 Elections in Russia: Their Impact and Legacy. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 2003: 163–85
Hanson, Stephen E., and Kopstein, Jeffrey S.. “The Weimar/Russia Comparison.” Post-Soviet Affairs 13, 3 (July–September 1997): 252–84
Hedlund, Stefan. Russia's Market Economy: A Bad Case of Predatory Capitalism. London: UCL Press, 2000
Hefner, Robert W.Civil Islam. Princeton, NJ: Princeton University Press, 2000
Hellman, Joel S. “Winners Take All: The Politics of Partial Reform in Postcommunist Transitions.” World Politics 50, 2 (January 1998): 203–34
Herbst, Jeffrey. States and Power in Africa. Princeton, NJ: Princeton University Press, 2000
Herrera, Yoshiko M. “Russian Economic Reform, 1991–1999.” In Barany, Zoltan and Moser, Robert G., eds., Russian Politics: Challenges of Democratization. New York: Cambridge University Press, 2001: 135–74
Hirschman, Albert O.The Passions and the Interests. Princeton, NJ: Princeton University Press, 1977
Hirst, Paul. Associative Democracy: New Forms of Economic and Social Governance. Amherst: University of Massachusetts Press, 1994
Holmes, Stephen. “Crime and Corruption After Communism.” East European Constitutional Review 6, 4 (Fall 1997[a]): 69–70
Holmes, Stephen. “Potemkin Democracy.” In Theodore K. Rabb and Ezra N. Suleiman, eds., The Making and Unmaking of Democracy: Lessons from History and World Politics. New York: Routledge, 2003: 109–33
Holmes, Stephen. “What Russia Teaches Us Now: How Weak States Threaten Freedom.” The American Prospect 8, 33 (July 1–August 1, 1997[b]): 30–9
Hook, Sidney. Hero in History: A Study in Limitation and Possibility. Boston: Beacon Press, 1955
Horowitz, Donald L. “Comparing Democratic Systems.” In Diamond, Larry and Plattner, Marc F., eds., The Global Resurgence of Democracy, 2d ed. Baltimore: Johns Hopkins University Press, 1996: 143–9
Horowitz, Donald L. “Democracy in Divided Societies.” Journal of Democracy 4, 4 (October 1993): 18–38
Horowitz, Donald L.Ethnic Groups in Conflict. Berkeley: University of California Press, 1985
Hout, Michael, and Gerber, Theodore P.. “More Shock than Therapy: Market Transition, Employment, and Income in Russia, 1991–95.” American Journal of Sociology 104, 1 (July 1998): 1–50
Howard, Marc Morjé. The Weakness of Civil Society in Post-Communist Europe. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 2003
Huber, Evelyne, Dietrich Rueschemeyer, and John D. Stephens. “The Paradoxes of Democracy: Formal, Participatory, and Social Dimensions.” In Anderson, Lisa, ed., Transitions to Democracy. New York: Columbia University Press, 1999: 168–92
Huntington, Samuel P. The Clash of Civilizations and the Remaking of the Modern World. New York: Simon and Schuster, 1996
Huntington, Samuel P.Political Order in Changing Societies. New Haven, CT: Yale University Press, 1968
Huntington, Samuel P.The Third Wave: Democratization in the Late Twentieth Century. Norman: University of Oklahoma Press, 1991
Huntington, Samuel P. “Will More Countries Become Democratic?” Political Science Quarterly 99, 2 (Summer 1984): 193–218
Hurst, Andrew. “Investment Grade Still a Ways Off, Analysts Say.” Moscow Times, February 10, 2003
Huskey, Eugene. Presidential Power in Russia. Armonk, NY: M. E. Sharpe, 1999
Iavlinskii, Grigorii. “Russia Risks Becoming a Corporate Police State.” Novye izvestiia, February 24, 2001. Online at eng.yabloko.ru. Site consulted 2004
Ickes, Barry W. “The Russian Economy in 2003.” In Peter Reddaway, Gail W. Lapidus, Barry W. Ickes, Carol Saivetz, and George W. Breslauer, “Russia in the Year 2003.” Post-Soviet Affairs 20, 1 (January–March 2004): 19–31
INDEM. “Diagnostika rossiiskoi korruptsii: Sotsiologicheskii analiz” (2002). Online at www.anti-corr.ru/awbreport. Site consulted June 2003
Inglehart, Ronald. “Trust, Well-Being and Democracy.” In Warren, Mark E., ed., Democracy and Trust. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1999: 88–120
Inglehart, Ronald. World Values Surveys, 2002. Online at worldvaluessurvey.org. Site consulted March 2003
Inglehart, Ronald, Miguel Basáñez, Jaime Díez-Medrano, Loek Halman, and Ruud Luijkx, eds. Human Beliefs and Values: A Cross-Cultural Sourcebook Based on the 1999–2002 Values Surveys. Mexico City: Siglo Veintiuno, 2004
Inglehart, Ronald, and Welzel, Christian. “Political Culture and Democracy: Analyzing Cross-Level Linkages.” Comparative Politics 36, 1 (October 2003): 61–79
International League for Human Rights. “Belarusian Orthodox Church Supports Lukashenko Regime.” Belarus Update 3, 15 (April 2000). Online at ilhr.org. Site consulted February 2003
International Monetary Fund. Statistical Appendices from reports for 2000, 2001, and 2002. Online at imf.org/external/country/index.htm. Site consulted May 2003
Isaac, Jeffrey C. “1989 and the Future of Democracy.” In Antohi, Sorin and Tismaneanu, Vladimir, eds., Between Past and Future: The Revolutions of 1989 and Their Aftermath. Budapest: CEU Press, 2000: 39–60
Ishiyama, John T. “Political Parties and Candidate Recruitment in Post-Soviet Russian Politics.” The Journal of Communist Studies and Transition Politics 15, 4 (December 1999): 41–69
Ivanov, Mikhail. “Golosovaniie vtemnuiu.” Rossiiskaia gazeta, May 21, 2002
Jack, Andrew. “Putin Eases the Way for Pro-Kremlin Candidate.” Financial Times, June 17, 2003
Jackman, Robert. “Cross-National Statistical Research and the Study of Comparative Politics.” American Journal of Political Science 29, 1 (February 1985): 161–82
Janos, Andrew C.East Central Europe in the Modern World. Stanford, CA: Stanford University Press, 2000
Jasiewicz, Krzysztof. “Dead Ends and New Beginnings.” In Chodakiewicz, Marek Jan, Radzilowski, John, and Tolczyk, Dariusz, eds., Poland's Transformation: A Work in Progress. Charlottesville, Voice and Accountability scores: Leopolis Press, 2003: 89–123
Javeline, Debra. Protest and the Politics of Blame: The Russian Response to Unpaid Wages. Ann Arbor: University of Michigan Press, 2003
Jensen, Donald N. “Russia's ‘Vertical of Power’ Goes to the Polls.” RFE/RL Newsline 7, 182, September 24, 2003. Online at rferl.org/newsline. Site consulted January 2004
Johnson, Juliet. A Fistful of Rubles: The Rise and Fall of the Russian Banking System. Ithaca, NY: Cornell University Press, 2000
Johnson, Juliet. “Russia's Emerging Financial-Industrial Groups.” Post-Soviet Affairs 13, 4 (October–December 1997): 333–65
Jowitt, Ken. “The Leninist Legacy.” In Banac, Ivo, ed., Eastern Europe in Revolution. Ithaca, NY: Cornell University Press, 1992: 207–24
Jung, Courtney, and Shapiro, Ian. “South Africa's Negotiated Transition.” Politics and Society 23, 3 (September 1995): 269–308
Kahn, Jeffrey. Federalism, Democratization, and the Rule of Law in Russia. Oxford: Oxford University Press, 2002
Kapustin, Boris. Ideologiia i politika ⅴ postkommunisticheskoi Rossii. Moscow: Editorial URSS, 2000
Karatnycky, Adrian. “The 2001 Freedom House Survey.” Journal of Democracy 13, 1 (January 2002): 99–112
Karatnycky, Adrian, Aili Piano, and Arch Puddington, eds. Freedom in the World: The Annual Survey of Political Rights and Civil Liberties 2003. Boulder, CO: Rowman and Littlefield, 2003
Karl, Terry Lynn. “Dilemmas of Democratization in Latin America.” Comparative Politics 23, 1 (October 1990): 1–22
Karl, Terry Lynn. The Paradox of Plenty: Oil Booms and Petro-States. Berkeley: University of California Press, 1997
Karlekar, Karin Deutsch, ed. Freedom of the Press 2003: A Global Survey of Media Independence. New York: Freedom House, 2003
Karush, Sarah. “Priest Brings Schoolchildren into the Fold.” St. Petersburg Times, March 28, 2001
Kaufmann, Daniel, Kraay, Aart, and Mastruzzi, Massimo. “Governance Matters III: Governance Indicators for 1996–2002.” June 30, 2003. Online at worldbank.org/wbi/governance. Site consulted May 2004
Keane, John, ed. Civil Society and the State. London: Verso, 1988
Kekic, Laza. “How Dependent Is Growth on the Oil Price?” Moscow Times, January 23, 2004
Key, V. O. Public Opinion and American Democracy. New York: Knopf, 1961
Khakamada, Irina. “Small Enterprises Not Smiling Yet.” Moscow Times, February 13, 2003
Khasbulatov, Ruslan. “Ne tam by diktatorov ishchete.” Komsomolskaia pravda, October 9, 1992
Khripunov, Igor. “Red Army Blues.” Bulletin of the Atomic Scientists 52, 3 (May/June 1996): 13
Kihlgren, Alessandro. “Small Business in Russia: A Case Study of St. Petersburg.” William Davidson Institute Working Paper No. 439, January 2002. Online at eres.bus.umich.edu/docs. Site consulted September 2003
King, Gary, Keohane, Robert O., and Verba, Sidney. Designing Social Inquiry. Princeton, NJ: Princeton University Press, 1994
Kirkow, Peter. “Regional Warlordism in Russia: The Case of Primorskii Krai.” Europe-Asia Studies 47, 6 (September 1995): 923–48
Kirkow, Peter. Russia's Provinces: Authoritarian Transformation Versus Local Autonomy? New York: Palgrave Macmillan, 1998
Kishkovsky, Sophia. “A Bright Future: Russian Higher Education.” Carnegie Reporter 1, 1 (Summer 2000). Online at carnegie.org/reporter/01/russia. Site consulted May 2004
Kitschelt, Herbert. “Accounting for Postcommunist Regime Diversity: What Counts as a Good Cause?” In Ekiert, Grzegorz and Hanson, Stephen E., eds., Capitalism and Democracy in Central and Eastern Europe: Assessing the Legacy of Communist Rule. New York: Cambridge University Press, 2003: 49–86
Kitschelt, Herbert. “The Formation of Party Systems in East Central Europe.” Politics and Society 20, 1 (March 1992): 7–50
Klein, Lawrence R., and Pomer, Marshall, eds. The New Russia: Transition Gone Awry. Stanford, CA: Stanford University Press, 2001
Knight, Amy. “The Enduring Legacy of the KGB in Russian Politics.” Problems of Post-Communism 47, 4 (July–August 2000): 3–15
Knox, Zoe. “The Symphonic Ideal: The Moscow Patriarchate's Post-Soviet Leadership.” Europe-Asia Studies 55, 4 (June 2003): 575–96
Kokh, Alfred R. The Selling of the Soviet Empire: Politics and Economics of Russia's Privatization, Revelations of the Principal Insider. New York: SPI Books, 1998
Kollontai, Vladimir. “Social Transformations in Russia.” International Social Science Journal 51, 1 (March 1999): 103–21
Kolosov, Vladimir. “Partii ⅴ regionakh: vliianie i perspektivy.” Vlast' 7, 1995: 22–38
Koreneva, Marina. “Kremlin Candidate Wins St. Petersburg Vote, but Turnout Is Low.” Agence France-Presse, October 6, 2003, posted online by ISI Emerging Markets. Online at securities.com. Site consulted January 2004
Kotkin, Stephen. Armageddon Averted: The Soviet Collapse 1970–2000. New York: Oxford University Press, 2001
Kovaleva, Natalia. “Konflikty, profsoiuzy, sotsial'naia zashchita: otsenki rabotnikov i rukovoditelei predpriiatii.” In Monitoring obshchestvennogo mneniia 5, 31 (September–October 1997): 26–32
Kovalyev, Vladimir. “Putin Named ‘Enemy’ of Journalists.” St. Petersburg Times, May 8, 2001
Krain, Matthew. “Ethnic Fractionalization Data.” Online at wooster.edu/polisci/mkrain/Ethfrac. Site consulted September 2001
Krasikov, Anatoly. “From the Annals of Spiritual Freedom: Church-State Relations in Russia.” East European Constitutional Review 7, 2 (Spring 1998): 75–84
Krouwel, André. “The Presidentialisation of East-Central European Countries.” Paper prepared for presentation at the ECPR Joint Sessions Workshop on the Presidentialisation of Parliamentary Democracies, Copenhagen, April 2000
Kryshtanovskaya, Olga, and White, Stephen. “From Soviet Nomenklatura to Russian Elite.” Europe-Asia Studies 48, 5 (July 1996): 711–33
Kubicek, Paul. “Civil Society, Trade Unions and Post-Soviet Democratisation: Evidence from Russia and Ukraine.” Europe-Asia Studies 54, 4 (June 2002): 603–24
“Kudrin: State Hopes to Break Free from Oil.” Moscow Times, April 19, 2002
. “Liberal Elites, Socialist Masses, and Problems of Russian Democracy.” World Politics 51, 3 (April 1999): 323–58
. “The Political Foundations of Post-Communist Regimes: Marketization, Agrarian Legacies, or International Influences.” Comparative Political Studies 35, 5 (June 2002): 524–53
. “The Implications of Constructivism for Constructing Ethnic Fractionalization Indices.” Newsletter of the Comparative Politics Section of the American Political Science Association 12, 1 (Winter 2001): 13–17
Lallemand, Jean-Charles. “Politics for the Few: Elites in Bryansk and Smolensk.” Post-Soviet Affairs 15, 4 (October–December 1999): 312–35
Lapidus, Gail W. “Contested Sovereignty: The Tragedy of Chechnya.” International Security 23, 1 (Summer 1998): 5–49
Lardeyret, Guy. “The Problem with PR.” In Diamond, Larry and Plattner, Marc F., eds., The Global Resurgence of Democracy, 2d ed. Baltimore: Johns Hopkins University Press, 1996: 175–80
Lehoucq, Fabrice. “Electoral Fraud: Causes, Types, and Consequences.” Annual Review of Political Science 6, 2003: 233–56
Huérou, Anne. “Elites in Omsk.” Post-Soviet Affairs 15, 4 (October–December 1999): 362–86
Leite, Carlos, and Jens Weidmann. “Does Mother Nature Corrupt? Natural Resources, Corruption, and Economic Growth.” International Monetary Fund Working Paper, WP/99/85 (July 1999)
Levitsky, Steven, and Way, Lucan A.. “The Rise of Competitive Authoritarianism.” Journal of Democracy 13, 2 (April 2002): 51–65
Lewis, Peter. “From Prebendalism to Predation: The Political Economy of Decline in Nigeria.” Journal of Modern African Studies 34, 1 (March 1996): 79–103
Liashenko, Galina. “Nalogovoi reformy ⅴ 2004 godu ne budet.” Kommersant, March 25, 2003
Lieven, Anatol. Chechnya: Tombstone of Russian Power. New Haven, CT: Yale University Press, 1998
Lijphart, Arend. Democracy in Plural Societies. New Haven, CT: Yale University Press, 1977
Lindblom, Charles E. Politics and Markets. New York: Basic Books, 1977
Linz, Juan J.The Breakdown of Democratic Regimes: Crisis, Breakdown, and Reequilibration. Baltimore: Johns Hopkins University Press, 1978
Linz, Juan J., and Stepan, Alfred. Problems of Democratic Transition and Consolidation: Southern Europe, South America, and Post-Communist Europe. Baltimore: Johns Hopkins University Press, 1996
Linz, Juan J., and Valenzuela, Arturo, eds. The Failure of Presidential Democracy. Baltimore: Johns Hopkins University Press, 1994
Lipman, Masha. “The Putin Toothpick.” New Yorker, March 8, 2004
Lipset, Seymour Martin. “The Centrality of Political Culture.” In Diamond, Larry and Plattner, Marc F., eds., The Global Resurgence of Democracy, 2d ed. Baltimore: Johns Hopkins University Press, 1996: 150–3
Lipset, Seymour Martin. Political Man. Garden City, NY: Doubleday, 1960
Lipset, Seymour Martin, and Gary Marks. It Didn't Happen Here: Why Socialism Failed in the United States. New York: Norton, 2001
Litvinovich, Dmitri. “Russia: Recounting, Swindling, Regrouping.” Transitions Online, December 9–15, 2003. Online at tol.cz. Site consulted January 2004
Luebbert, Gregory M.Liberalism, Fascism, and Social Democracy: Social Classes and the Political Origins of Regimes in Interwar Europe. Oxford: Oxford University Press, 1991
Lukin, Alexander. “Authoritarianism Deposing ‘Clan Democracy.’” Moscow Times, January 21, 2004
Luong, Pauline Jones, and Weinthal, Erika. “Contra Coercion: Russian Tax Reform, Exogenous Shocks, and Negotiated Institutional Change.” American Political Science Review 98, 1 (February 2004): 139–52
Luong, Pauline Jones, and Weinthal, Erika. “Prelude to the Resource Curse: Explaining Oil and Gas Development Strategies in the Soviet Successor States and Beyond.” Comparative Political Studies 34, 4 (May 2001): 367–99
Macpherson, C. B. Democratic Theory: Essays in Retrieval. Oxford: Clarendon, 1973
Mahoney, James, and Rueschemeyer, Dietrich, eds. Comparative Historical Analysis in the Social Sciences. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 2003
Mainwaring, Scott, Brinks, Daniel, and Pérez-Liñàn, Aníbal. “Classifying Political Regimes in Latin America, 1945–1999.” Studies in Comparative International Development 36, 1 (Spring 2001): 37–65
Mainwaring, Scott, and Soberg Shugart, Matthew, eds. Presidential Democracy in Latin America. New York: Cambridge University Press, 1997
Maravall, José Maria. Regimes, Politics and Markets: Democratization and Economic Change in Southern and Eastern Europe. New York: Oxford University Press, 1997
Marshall, T. H. Class, Citizenship, and Social Development. Garden City, NY: Anchor, 1965
Marx, Karl, and Friedrich Engels. The German Ideology. Amherst, NY: Prometheus Books, 1998
McCauley, Martin. Bandits, Gangsters and the Mafia: Russia, the Baltic States and the CIS Since 1991. London: Longman, 2001
McDaniel, Tim. The Agony of the Russian Idea. Princeton, NJ: Princeton University Press, 1998
McFaul, Michael. Russia's 1996 Presidential Election: The End of Polarized Politics. Stanford, CA: Hoover Institution Press, 1997
McFaul, Michael. Russia's Unfinished Revolution: Political Change from Gorbachev to Putin. Ithaca, NY: Cornell University Press, 2001
McFaul, Michael, and Nikolai Petrov, eds. Politicheskii al'manakh Rossii 1997, tom 2, kniga 1: Sotsial'no-politicheskie portrety regionov. Moscow: Carnegie Center, 1998
Medetsky, Anatoly. “Voters in Far East Region Left with Little Choice.” Moscow Times, December 17, 1999
Medetsky, Anatoly, and Mereu, Francesca. “Communists Say Vote Count ‘a Scam.’” St. Petersburg Times, December 11, 2003
Medvedev, Roy. Post-Soviet Russia: A Journey Through the Yeltsin Era. New York: Columbia University Press, 2000
Mehlum, Halvor, Karl Moene, and Ragnar Torvik. “Institutions and the Resource Curse.” August 28, 2002. Online at folk.uio.no/karlom/natres. Site consulted March 2003
Mendelson, Sarah E. “The Putin Path: Civil Liberties and Human Rights in Retreat.” Problems of Post-Communism 47, 5 (September–October 2000): 3–12
Mendras, Marie. “How Regional Elites Preserve Their Power.” Post-Soviet Affairs 15, 4 (October–December 1999): 295–311
Menon, Rajan, and Fuller, Graham E.. “Russia's Ruinous Chechen War.” Foreign Affairs 79, 2 (March/April 2000): 32–44
Mereu, Francesca. “Red Governors Swear Loyalty to Putin.” Moscow Times, March 25, 2004
Mereu, Francesca. “Russia: Central Bank Head Tenders Resignation.” RFE/RL Report, March 19, 2002
Meyer, Henry. “Polling Stations Deserted in War-Torn Chechnya.” Agence France-Presse, March 14, 2004, posted online by ISI Emerging Markets. Online at securities.com. Site consulted March 2004
Migdal, Joel S.Strong Societies and Weak States: State-Society Relations and State Capabilities in the Third World. Princeton, NJ: Princeton University Press, 1988
Mikheyev, Dmitry. Russia Transformed. Indianapolis: Hudson Institute, 1996
Miles, Marc, Edwin J. Feulner, and Mary Anastasia O'Grady. 2004 Index of Economic Freedom. Washington, DC: The Heritage Foundation and Dow Jones & Co., 2004
Miliband, Ralph. “The Socialist Alternative.” Journal of Democracy, 3, 3 (July 1992): 118–24
Millar, James R. “From Utopian Socialism to Utopian Capitalism: The Failure of Revolution and Reform in Post-Soviet Russia.” Problems of Post-Communism 42, 3 (May–June 1995): 7–14
Miller, Arthur H., and Klobucar, Thomas F.. “The Development of Party Identification in Post-Soviet Societies.” American Journal of Political Science 44, 4 (October 2000): 667–86
Moore, Barrington. Social Origins of Dictatorship and Democracy: Lord and Peasant in the Making of the Modern World. Boston: Beacon, 1966
Moses, Joel C. “Voting, Regional Legislatures and Electoral Reform in Russia.” Europe-Asia Studies 55, 7 (November 2003): 1049–75
Munck, Gerardo L., and Verkuilen, Jay. “Conceptualizing and Measuring Democracy: Evaluating Alternative Indices.” Comparative Political Studies 35, 1 (February 2002): 5–34
Mungiu-Pippidi, Alina. “The Ruler and the Patriarch: The Romanian Eastern Orthodox Church in Transition.” East European Constitutional Review 7, 2 (Spring 1998): 85–91
Murphy, Kevin M., Shleifer, Andrei, and Vishney, Robert. “The Transition to a Market Economy: Pitfalls of Partial Reform.” Quarterly Journal of Economics 107, 3 (August 1992): 889–906
Murrell, Peter. “The Transition According to Cambridge, Mass.” Journal of Economic Literature 33, 1 (March 1995): 164–78
Muslim Population Worldwide. Online at www.islamicpopulation.com. Site consulted June 2003
Mydans, Seth. “Ukraine: Move Seen as Leader's Ploy Fails.” New York Times, April 9, 2004
Myers, Steven Lee. “Nine Candidates Run to Praise Putin, Not to Beat Him.” New York Times, January 9, 2004[a]
Myers, Steven Lee. “Now You Don't See Him, Now You Do: Putin Foe Resurfaces.” New York Times, February 11, 2004[b]
Myers, Steven Lee. “Observer Team in Russia Lists Election Flaws.” New York Times, March 16, 2004[c]
Myers, Steven Lee. “Russia's Voting for Parliament Bolsters Putin.” New York Times, December 8, 2003
“Napadeniia na zhurnalistov i redaktsii, 2003.” Arkhiv fonda zashchity glasnosti – izbitye zhurnalisty, 2003. Online at www.gdf.ru/arh/crym/crym2003.shtml. Site consulted January 2004
Nations in Transit 2003: Russia. New York: Freedom House, 2003
Nechaeva, Marina. “Development of Small and Medium Enterprises in the Samara Region.” Report of the Business Information Service for the Newly Independent States (BISNIS), July 2002. Online at www.bisnis.doc.gov. Site consulted September 2003
Nelson, Daniel N. “Civil Society Endangered.” Social Research 63, 2 (Summer 1996): 345–68
Newburg, Paula L. “Corrupt Elections: What's an NGO to Do About It?” St. Petersburg Times, December 8, 2000
“News Editor Beaten in Russian Enclave.” Moscow Tribune, July 3, 1998
Nezhdanova, Vera. “Enticed or Forced, Russians Flock to Vote.” Agence France-Presse, March 14, 2004, posted online by ISI Emerging Markets. Online at securities.com. Site consulted March 2004
“NG – Stsenarii.” Nezavisimaia gazeta, June 29, 1996
Nichols, Thomas M. The Russian Presidency: Society and Politics in the Second Russian Republic. Basingstoke: Macmillan, 2001
Nicholson, Alex. “No Tearful Goodbyes for the Tax Police.” Moscow Times, March 13, 2003
Nikol'skii, Aleksei, Bekker, Aleksandr, and Kochetov, Sergei. “Vse dovol'ny.” Vedomosti-Business News Media, July 16, 2001, posted online by ISI Emerging Markets. Online at securities.com. Site consulted March 2004
Oates, Sarah. “The 1999 Russian Duma Elections.” Problems of Post-Communism 47, 3 (May–June 2000): 3–14
O'Donnell, Guillermo A. “Democracy, Law, and Comparative Politics.” Studies in Comparative International Development 36, 1 (Spring 2001): 7–36
O'Driscoll, Gerald P., Kim R. Holmes, and Mary Anastasia O'Grady. 2002 Index of Economic Freedom. New York: The Heritage Foundation and Dow Jones & Co., 2002
Okonta, Ike, and Oronto Douglas. Where Vultures Feast: Shell, Human Rights, and Oil. New York: Verso, 2003
Orenstein, Mitchell. “Lawlessness from Above and Below: Economic Radicalism and Political Institutions.” SAIS Review 18, 1 (Winter-Spring 1998): 35–50
Organization for Security and Cooperation in Europe (Organization for Security and Cooperation in Europe). Russian Federation, Presidential Election, 26 March 2000, Final Report. Warsaw: Organization for Security and Cooperation in Europe Office for Democratic Institutions and Human Rights, May 19, 2000
Orttung, Robert. “Gaidar Calls for Unified Democratic Bloc.” OMRI Daily Digest, February 13, 1995
Ost, David. “Illusory Corporatism in Eastern Europe.” Politics and Society 28, 4 (December 2000): 508–30
Ostrovsky, Simon. “Putin: Graft Killing Small Business.” Moscow Times, December 20, 2001
Oxhorn, Philip D., and Ducatenzeiler, Graciela, eds. What Kind of Democracy? What Kind of Market? Latin America in the Age of Neoliberalism. University Park: Pennsylvania State University Press, 1998
Pacific Media Watch. “Russian Anti-Terrorism Law Tightens Grip on the Media.” Scoop, October 31, 2002. Online at www.scoop.co.nz. Site consulted May 2003
“Parlament ostanovil protsess, kotoryi uzhe poshel.” Megapolis Express, July 28, 1993
Pastukhov, Vladimir. “Law Under Administrative Pressure in Post-Soviet Russia.” East European Constitutional Review 11, 3 (Summer 2002): 66–74
Payne, Anthony. “Westminster Adapted: The Political Order of the Commonwealth Caribbean.” In Domingez, Jorge I., Pastor, Robert A., and Worrell, R. DeLisle, eds., Democracy in the Caribbean. Baltimore: Johns Hopkins University Press, 1993: 57–73
Peach, Gary. “Kaliningrad's Open Season on Journalists.” Moscow Times, December 16, 1999
Petro, Nicolai. “The Novgorod Region: A Russian Success Story.” Post-Soviet Affairs 15, 3 (July–September 1999): 235–61
Petro, Nicolai. The Rebirth of Russian Democracy: An Interpretation of Political Culture. Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press, 1995
Petrov, Nikolai. “Bashkir Bargaining.” Moscow Times, December 4, 2003[a]
Petrov, Nikolai. “Electoral Centralization.” Moscow Times, June 17, 2003[b]
Petrov, Nikolai. “Russia's ‘Party of Power’ Takes Shape.” Jamestown Foundation Russia and Eurasia Review 2, 16 (August 5, 2003). Online at russia.jamestown.org. Site consulted September 2003[c]
Pierson, Paul. Politics in Time: History, Institutions, and Social Analysis. Princeton, NJ: Princeton University Press, 2004
Pipes, Richard. “Flight from Freedom: What Russians Think and Want.” Foreign Affairs 83, 3 (May/June 2004): 9–15
Pomer, Marshall. “Demise of the Command Economy.” In Klein, Lawrence R. and Pomer, Marshall, eds., The New Russia: Transition Gone Awry. Stanford, CA: Stanford University Press, 2001: 139–69
Pomfret, Richard. “Transition and Democracy in Mongolia.” Europe-Asia Studies 52, 1 (January 2000): 149–60
“Postanovlenie Tsentral'noi izbiratel'noi komissii Rossiiskoi Federatsii ot 22 ianvaria 2004 g. N 80/679–4 g. Moskva ob otkaze ⅴ registratsii kandidata na dolzhnost' Prezidenta Rossiiskoi Federatsii V. V. Gerashchenko, vydvinutogo politicheskoi partiei ‘Partiia rossiiskikh regionov.’” Rossiiskaia gazeta, January 27, 2004
Poznanski, Kazimierz P. “The Crisis of Transition as a State Crisis.” In Frank Bonker, Klaus Muller, and Andreas Pickel, eds., Postcommunist Transformation and the Social Sciences. Lanham, MD: Rowman and Littlefield, 2002: 55–76
Prince, Todd. “S&P Says Russia Still Too Hooked on Oil.” Moscow Times, December 17, 2003
Prodromou, Elizabeth. “The Ambivalent Orthodox.” Journal of Democracy 15, 2 (April 2004): 62–75
Protsyk, Oleh. “Troubled Semi-presidentialism: Stability of the Constitutional System and Cabinet in Ukraine.” Europe-Asia Studies 55, 7 (November 2003): 1077–95
Przeworski, Adam. Democracy and the Market: Political and Economic Reforms in Eastern Europe and Latin America. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1991
Przeworski, Adam. “Economic Reforms, Public Opinion, and Political Institutions: Poland and Eastern Europe in Comparative Perspective.” In Bresser Pereira, Luis Carlos, Maravall, José Maria, and Przeworski, Adam, Economic Reforms in New Democracies: A Social-Democratic Approach. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1993
Przeworski, Adam. “The Neoliberal Fallacy.” Journal of Democracy 3, 3 (July 1992): 45–59
Przeworski, Adam, Alvarez, Michael, Cheibub, José Antonio, and Limongi, Fernando. “Classifying Political Regimes.” Studies in Comparative International Development 31, 2 (Summer 1996[a]): 3–36
Przeworski, Adam, Alvarez, Michael, Cheibub, José Antonio, and Limongi, Fernando. Democracy and Development: Political Institutions and Well-Being in the Modern World, 1950–1990. New York: Cambridge University Press, 2000
Przeworski, Adam, Alvarez, Michael, Cheibub, José Antonio, and Limongi, Fernando. “What Makes Democracies Endure?” Journal of Democracy 7, 1 (January 1996[b]): 39–56
Pshizova, Susaina. “Kakuiu partiinuiu model' vosprimet nashe obshchesto.” Polis 4, 1998: 101–13
“Putin Declares War on Corruption.” Russia Journal, November 25, 2003. Online at russiajournal.com. Site consulted March 2004
“Putin's Way: Special Report on the Russian Elections.” The Economist, December 13, 2003. Online at economist.com/world/europe/displayStory.cfm? story_id=2282403. Site consulted June 2004
Putnam, Robert D.Making Democracy Work: Civic Traditions in Modern Italy. Princeton, NJ: Princeton University Press, 1993
Rabushka, Alvin, and Kenneth A. Shepsle. Politics in Plural Societies. Columbus, OH: Merrill, 1972
Radio Free Europe/Radio Liberty. Media Matters 2, 27 (July 8, 2002). Online at www.rferl.org. Site consulted May 2003
Raiser, Martin, Christian Haerpfer, Thomas Nowotny, and Claire Wallace. “Social Capital in Transition: One Cheer for Civic Association.” Paper delivered at the conference on Political Economy of Transition: Institutions, Politics, and Policies, University of Bonn and the Centre for Economic Policy Research, Bonn, Germany, May 2002
Reddaway, Peter, and Dmitri Glinski. The Tragedy of Russia's Reforms: Market Bolshevism Against Democracy. Washington, DC: U.S. Institute of Peace, 2001
Reformy dlia bol'shinstva. Moscow: Pervaia obraztsovaia tipografiia, 1995
. “Political Values in Russia, Ukraine, and Lithuania: Sources and Implications for Democracy.” British Journal of Political Science 24, 2 (April 1994): 183–223
Remington, Thomas F.The Russian Parliament: Institutional Evolution in a Transitional Regime, 1989–1999. New Haven, CT: Yale University Press, 2001
Riker, William H.Liberalism Against Populism. Prospect Heights, IL: Waveland, 1982
Robinson, Neil. Russia: A State of Uncertainty. London: Routledge, 2001
Roeder, Philip G. “The Rejection of Authoritarianism.” In Anderson, Richard D. Jr., Fish, M. Steven, Hanson, Stephen E., and Roeder, Philip G., Postcommunism and the Theory of Democracy. Princeton, NJ: Princeton University Press, 2001: 11–53
Roper, Steven D. “Are All Semipresidential Regimes the Same? A Comparison of Premier-Presidential Regimes.” Comparative Politics 34, 3 (April 2002): 253–72
Rose, Richard. “Economics in Transition: A Multidimensional Approach to a Cross-Cultural Problem.” East European Constitutional Review 11/12, 4/1 (Fall 2002/Winter 2003): 62–70
Rose, Richard. “Postcommunism and the Problem of Trust.” In Diamond, Larry and Plattner, Marc F., eds., The Global Resurgence of Democracy, 2d ed. Baltimore: Johns Hopkins University Press, 1996: 251–63
Rose, Richard, and Munro, Neil. Elections Without Order: Russia's Challenge to Vladimir Putin. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 2002
Rose, Richard, Munro, Neil, and White, Stephen. “Voting in a Floating Party System: The 1999 Duma Election.” Europe-Asia Studies 53, 3 (May 2001): 419–43
Rose, Richard, and Doh Chull Shin. “Qualities of Incomplete Democracies: Russia, the Czech Republic and Korea.” Studies in Public Policy No. 302, Centre for the Study of Public Policy, University of Strathclyde, 1998
Rose-Ackerman, Susan. “Trust, Honesty, and Corruption: Reflection on the State-Building Process.” Archives of European Sociology XLII, 3 (2001): 27–71
Rosefielde, Steven. “Premature Deaths: Russia's Radical Economic Transition in Soviet Perspective.” Europe-Asia Studies 53, 8 (December 2001): 1159–76
Rosenberg, Tina. “In Colombia, Muckrakers Have Become Scarce.” Editorial. New York Times, July 3, 2003
Ross, Cameron, ed. Regional Politics in Russia. Manchester: Manchester University Press, 2002
Ross, Michael. “Does Oil Hinder Democracy?” World Politics 53, 3 (April 2001): 325–61
Rostovskii, Mikhail, and Budberg, Aleksandr. “Fradkov podkralsia nezametno.” Moskovskii Komsomolets, March 2, 2004
Rueschemeyer, Dietrich, Stephens, Evelyne Huber, and Stephens, John D.. Capitalist Development and Democracy. Chicago: University of Chicago Press, 1992
Rustow, Dankwart. “Transitions to Democracy: Toward a Dynamic Model.” Comparative Politics 2, 3 (April 1970): 337–63
Rutkevich, Mikhail. “Transformatsiia sotsial'noi struktury rossiiskogo obshchestva.” Sotsiologicheskie issledovaniia 7, 1997: 3–19
Rutland, Peter. “Mission Impossible? The International Monetary Fund and the Failure of the Market Transition in Russia.” Review of International Studies 25, Special Issue (December 1999): 183–200
Rutland, Peter. “Privatization in Russia: One Step Forward, Two Steps Back?” Europe-Asia Studies 46, 7 (1994): 1109–31
Rutland, Peter, ed. Business and the State in Contemporary Russia. Boulder, CO: Westview, 2000
“Rybkin uzhe ⅴ Moskve.” Grani.ru, March 3, 2004. Online at grani.ru. Site consulted March 2004
Sachs, Jeffrey. “Why Russia Has Failed to Stabilize.” In Anders Aslund, ed., Russian Economic Reform at Risk. London: Pinter, 1995: 53–62
. “The Curse of Natural Resources.” European Economic Review 45 (2001): 827–38
Sakwa, Richard. “Elections and National Integration in Russia.” In Hesli, Vicki L. and Reisinger, William M., eds., The 1999–2000 Elections in Russia: Their Impact and Legacy. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 2003: 121–41
. “Vserossiiskii dispanser.” Gazeta.ru, March 15, 2004. Online at gazeta.ru. Site consulted March 2004
Samuels, Richard J.Machiavelli's Children: Leaders and Their Legacies in Italy and Japan. Ithaca, NY: Cornell University Press, 2003
Sapir, Jacques. “The Washington Consensus and Transition in Russia: History of a Failure.” International Social Science Journal 52, 4 (December 2000): 479–91
Saradzhyan, Simon. “Moscow Takes over Probe of Slain Editor.” Moscow Times, June 11, 1998
Sartori, Giovanni. Parties and Party Systems: A Framework for Analysis. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1976
Sartori, Giovanni. The Theory of Democracy Revisited. Chatham, NJ: Chatham House, 1987
Satter, David. Darkness at Dawn: The Rise of the Russian Criminal State. New Haven, CT: Yale University Press, 2003
Satter, David. “Symposium on Democracy in Russia.” Insight on the News 18, 26 (July 22, 2002)
Schedler, Andreas. “Measuring Democratic Consolidation.” Studies in Comparative International Development 36, 1 (Spring 2001): 66–92
Schmitter, Philippe C. “Interest Intermediation and Regime Governability in Contemporary Western Europe and North America.” In Berger, Suzanne, ed., Organizing Interests in Western Europe: Pluralism, Corporatism, and the Transformation of Politics. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1981: 285–327
Schmitter, Philippe C. “Interest Systems and the Consolidation of Democracies.” In Marks, Gary and Diamond, Larry, eds., Reexamining Democracy: Essays in Honor of Seymour Martin Lipset. Newbury Park, CA: Sage, 1992: 156–81
Schmitter, Philippe C., and Terry Lynn Karl. “What Democracy Is … and Is Not.” In Diamond, Larry and Plattner, Marc F., eds., The Global Resurgence of Democracy. Baltimore: Johns Hopkins University Press, 1996: 49–62
Schumpeter, Joseph A.Capitalism, Socialism, and Democracy. New York: Harper, 1950
Shapiro, Ian. Democracy's Place. Ithaca, NY: Cornell University Press, 1996
Sharlet, Robert. “The Politics of Constitutional Amendment in Russia.” Post-Soviet Affairs 13, 3 (July–September 1997): 197–227
Sharlet, Robert. “Russian Constitutional Change: Proposed Power-Sharing Models.” In Roger Clark, Ferdinand Feldbrugge, and Stanislaw Pomorski, eds., International and National Law in Russia and Eastern Europe. Amsterdam: Kluwer Law International, 2001: 361–72
Shelley, Louise. “Is the Russian State Coping with Organized Crime and Corruption?” In Valerie Sperling, ed., Building the Russian State: Institutional Crisis and the Quest for Democratic Governance. Boulder, CO: Westview, 2000: 91–112
Shevtsova, Liliia. Postkommunisticheskaia Rossiia: Logika razvitiia i perspektivy. Moscow: Moscow Carnegie Center, 1995
Shishkunova, Elena. “Viktor Gerashchenko poluchil otkaz.” Gazeta.ru, March 10, 2004. Online as gazeta.ru. Site consulted March 2004
Shkolnikov, Vladimir, McKee, Martin, and Leon, D. A.. “Changes in Life Expectancy in Russia in the Mid-1990s.” The Lancet 357 (9260), (March 24, 2001): 917–21
Shlapentokh, Vladimir. “Hobbes and Locke at Odds in Putin's Russia.” Europe-Asia Studies 55, 7 (November 2003[a]): 981–1007
Shlapentokh, Vladimir. “What the Russians Are Thinking.” New York Times, August 18, 2003[b]
Shleifer, Andrei, and Treisman, Daniel. “A Normal Country.” Foreign Affairs 83, 2 (March/April 2004): 20–38
Shleifer, Andrei, and Daniel, Treisman. Without a Map: Political Tactics and Economic Reform in Russia. Cambridge, MA: MIT Press, 2000
Shokhin, Aleksandr. Moi golos budet vse-taki uslyshan: Stenogramma epokhi peremen. Moscow: Nash dom – L'Age d'Homme, 1995
Shugart, Matthew Soberg, and Carey, John M.. Presidents and Assemblies: Constitutional Design and Electoral Dynamics. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1992
Skocpol, Theda. States and Social Revolutions: A Comparative Analysis of France, Russia, and China. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1979
Skorobogatko, Tatiana. “Housewarming of First Reading: Will the Government Manage to Trade in Budget Approval for Elite Apartments for Duma Deputies?” Moscow News, September 20, 2000
“Sluchai gibeli zhurnalistov.” Arkhiv fonda zashchity glasnosti – pogibshie zhurnalisty, 2003. Online at www.gdf.ru/arh/mort/2003.shtml. Site consulted January 2004
Smith, Peter H., and Scott R. Bailey. “Latin American Democracy – Electoral, Liberal, Illiberal.” Paper delivered at the conference on Democratic Advancements and Setbacks: What Have We Learned? Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden, June 2004
Smith, Steven S., and Remington, Thomas F.. The Politics of Institutional Choice: The Formation of the Russian State Duma. Princeton, NJ: Princeton University Press, 2001
Sobchak, Anatolii, et al. “Konstitutsiia ne ‘sh'etsia’ po vechnoi merke.” Kuranty, May 14, 1993
Sokolowski, Alexander. “Grounds for Optimism.” Moscow Times, October 21, 2002
Soros, George. “Who Lost Russia?” New York Review of Books, April 13, 2000: 10–16
Soskovets, Oleg. “My ne otkazhemsia ot reform.” Nezavisimaia gazeta, March 12, 1996
Sperling, Valerie. “Introduction: The Domestic and International Obstacles to State-Building in Russia.” In Valerie Sperling, ed., Building the Russian State: Institutional Crisis and the Quest for Democratic Governance. Boulder, CO: Westview, 2000: 1–23
Squire, John. “Putin's Deep Freeze.” Journal of Democracy 15, 1 (January 2004): 167–74
Stan, Lavinia, and Turcescu, Lucian. “The Romanian Orthodox Church and Postcommunist Transition.” RFE/RL East European Perspectives 3, 5 (March 7, 2001)
Stark, David, and Bruszt, Laszlo. Postsocialist Pathways. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1998
Stavrakis, Peter J. “The East Goes South: International Aid and the Production of Convergence in Africa and Eurasia.” In Beissinger, Mark R. and Young, Crawford, eds., Beyond State Crisis? Postcolonial Africa and Post-Soviet Eurasia in Comparative Perspective. Washington, DC: Woodrow Wilson Center Press, 2002: 263–90
Stavrakis, Peter J. “State-Building in Post-Soviet Russia: The Chicago Boys and the Decline of Administrative Capacity.” Kennan Institute for Advanced Russian Studies, Occasional Paper No. 254, 1993
Stawrowski, Zbigniew. “The Constitutional Debate in Poland after 1989.” In Chodakiewicz, Marek Jan, Radzilowski, John, and Tolczyk, Dariusz, eds., Poland's Transformation: A Work in Progress. Charlottesville, Voice and Accountability scores: Leopolis Press, 2003: 77–88
Stepan, Alfred. Arguing Comparative Politics. New York: Oxford University Press, 2001
Stepan, Alfred, and Skach, Cindy. “Constitutional Frameworks and Democratic Consolidation: Parliamentarianism Versus Presidentialism.” World Politics 46, 1 (October 1993): 1–22
Stokes, Susan C.Mandates and Democracy: Neoliberalism by Surprise in Latin America. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 2001[a]
Stokes, Susan C., ed. Public Support for Market Reforms in New Democracies. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 2001[b]
Stoner-Weiss, Kathryn. “The Limited Reach of Russia's Party System: Underinstitutionalization in Dual Transitions.” Politics and Society 29, 3 (September 2001): 385–414
Stoner-Weiss, Kathryn. Local Heroes: The Political Economy of Russian Regional Governance. Princeton, NJ: Princeton University Press, 1997
Taylor, Charles L., and Hudson, Michael C.. World Handbook of Political and Social Indicators, 2d ed. New Haven, CT: Yale University Press, 1972
Thompson, Ginger. “Former Mexican President Reveals '88 Presidential Election Was Rigged.” New York Times, March 9, 2004
Tilly, Charles. Capital, Coercion, and European States, A. D. 990–1990. Oxford: Oxford University Press, 1990
Timofeev, Lev. “Natsional-kommunisty vozrazhdaiut ideologiiu nenavisti.” Izvestiia, April 20, 1993
Tismaneanu, Vladimir. Stalinism for All Seasons: A Political History of Romanian Communism. Berkeley: University of California Press, 2003
Titma, Mikk, Tuma, Nancy Brandon, and Silver, Brian. “Winners and Losers in the Postcommunist Transition: New Evidence from Estonia.” Post-Soviet Affairs 14, 2 (April–June 1998): 113–46
Transparency International. “The Corruption Perceptions Index.” Online at http://wwwuser.gwdg.de/∼uwvw/icr.htm. Site consulted March 2004[a]
Transparency International. Global Corruption Report 2004. Sterling, Voice and Accountability scores: Pluto Press, 2004[b]
Treisman, Daniel. After the Deluge: Regional Crises and Political Consolidation in Russia. Ann Arbor: University of Michigan Press, 2001
Treisman, Daniel. “Blaming Russia First.” Foreign Affairs 79, 6 (November–December 2000): 146–55
Treisman, Daniel. “Russia's ‘Ethnic Revival’: The Separatist Activism of Regional Leaders in a Postcommunist Order.” World Politics 49, 2 (January 1997): 212–49
Tsukanova, Liubov. “Few Guarantees on Elections.” Novoe vremia 23, June 2002. Online at http://www.eng.yabloko.ru/Publ/2002/papers/nv-230602.html. Site consulted June 2003
Tsygankov, Valerii. “Veshniakovu podrezhut kryl'ia.” Obshaia gazeta, March 7, 2002
United Civil Party. “Some Are More Equal Than Others in Belarus.” Belarus Today, October 16, 2002. Online at ucpb.org. Site consulted February 2003
United Nations Development Programme (United Nations Development Programme). Human Development Report 1999: Russian Federation. Moscow: Human Rights Publishers, 1999
United Nations Development Programme (United Nations Development Programme). Human Development Report 2000. New York: Oxford University Press, 2000
United Nations Development Programme (United Nations Development Programme). Human Development Report 2000: Russian Federation. Moscow: Human Rights Publishers, 2001
United Nations Development Programme (United Nations Development Programme). Human Development Report 2003. New York: Oxford University Press, 2003
United Nations Statistics Division. “Indicators on Income and Economic Activity.” Online at unstats.un.org. Site consulted April 2002
United States Census Bureau. International Data Base. Online at www.census.gov. Site consulted March 2003
United States Department of State. Annual Reports on International Religious Freedom, 2001. Various countries. Online at www.state.gov/g/drl/irf/rpt. Site consulted February 2003
United States Information Agency (USIA). “The People Have Spoken: Global Views of Democracy.” January 1998. Online at dosfan.lib.uic.edu/usia/usiahome/pdforum/demopeop. Site consulted June 2003
Urban, Michael. “December 1993 as a Replication of Late-Soviet Electoral Practices.” Post-Soviet Affairs 10, 2 (April–June 1994): 127–58
Urban, Michael. The Rebirth of Politics in Russia. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1997
“U.S. Shares Russian Poll Concerns.” BBC News, December 8, 2003. Online at newsvote.bbc.co.uk. Site consulted December 2003
Uzelac, Ana. “Putin Wins Vote to Limit Parties.” Moscow Times, May 25, 2001
Uzzell, Lawrence. “Church Has to Reconsider Old Borders with the State.” St. Petersburg Times, December 15, 2000
Uzzell, Lawrence. “Keston Letter, April 2001.” Online at prcenter.newmail.ru/oldnews/keston_letter.htm. Site consulted July 2003
Uzzell, Lawrence. “Legislating Intolerance.” Moscow Times, September 4, 1997
Vandewalle, Dirk. Libya Since Independence: Oil and State Building. Ithaca, NY: Cornell University Press, 1998
Varese, Federico. The Russian Mafia: Private Protection in a New Market Economy. Oxford: Oxford University Press, 2001
Varshney, Ashutosh. Ethnic Conflict and Civic Life: Hindus and Muslims in India. New Haven, CT: Yale University Press, 2003[a]
Varshney, Ashutosh. “Nationalism, Ethnic Conflict, and Rationality.” Perspectives on Politics 1, 1 (March 2003[b]): 85–99
Vassilev, Rossen. “The ‘Third-Worldization’ of a ‘Second-World’ Nation: De-development in Post-Communist Bulgaria.” New Political Science 25, 1 (March 2003): 99–112
Veniamin, Igumen. “Termin, kotoromu ne povezlo.” Nezavisimaia gazeta, June 20, 2001
Verdery, Katherine. “Privatization as Transforming Persons.” In Antohi, Sorin and Tismaneanu, Vladimir, eds., Between Past and Future: The Revolutions of 1989 and Their Aftermath. Budapest: CEU Press, 2000: 175–97
Visloguzov, Vadim. “Belyi dom gotovitsia k zaversheniiu nalogovoi reformy.” Kommersant, February 16, 2004
Visloguzov, Vadim. “Reforma na marshe.” Infomaker-Russia Focus, July 23, 2001, posted online by ISI Emerging Markets. Online at securities.com. Site consulted March 2004
Vodolazov, Aleksandr. “RAO ‘FNPR’.” Vremia Moskovskie Novosti, February 24, 2001
Volkov, Vadim. Violent Entrepreneurs: The Use of Force in the Making of Russian Capitalism. Ithaca, NY: Cornell University Press, 2002
Vujacic, Veljko. “Gennadiy Zyuganov and the ‘Third Road.’” Post-Soviet Affairs 12, 2 (April–June 1996): 118–54
Vujacic, Veljko. “Serving Mother Russia: The Communist Left and Nationalist Right in the Struggle for Power, 1991–98.” In Victoria E. Bonnell and George W. Breslauer, eds., Russia in the New Century: Stability or Disorder? Boulder, CO: Westview, 2001: 290–325
Vulf, Martin. “Chem ekonomicheskaia reforma otlichaetsia ot revoliutsii.” Izvestiia (Financial Times/Izvestiia supplement) 140, June 1992
Walker, Edward W. Dissolution: Sovereignty and the Breakup of the Soviet Union. Boulder, CO: Rowman and Littlefield, 2003
Walker, Edward W. “The New Russian Constitution and the Future of the Russian Federation.” The Harriman Institute Forum 5, 10 (June 1992)
Walker, Edward W. “Politics of Blame and Presidential Powers in Russia's New Constitution.” East European Constitutional Review 2, 4 (Fall 1993/Winter 1994): 116–19
Wallace, Stuart. “Trans-Siberian Expects to Mine 280,000 Ounces of Gold by 2006.” Trans-Siberian Gold, November 25, 2003. Online at www.trans-siberiangold.com. Site consulted March 2004
Walsh, Conal. “Putin Turns Up Heat on Oligarchs.” The Observer, November 9, 2003. Online at guardian.co.uk. Site consulted March 2004
Wasserman, Danuta, and Airi Vdmik. “Perestroika in the Former USSR: History's Most Effective Suicide Prevention Programme for Men.” In Danuta Wasserman, ed., Suicide: An Unnecessary Death. London: Martin Dunitz, 2001: 253–7
Way, Lucan. “Pluralism by Default and the Sources of Political Liberalization in Weak States: The Case of the Former Soviet Union.” Paper presented at the conference on “Democratization by Elections? The Dynamics of Electoral Authoritarianism,” Divisiòn de Estudios Políticos, CIDE, Mexico City, April 2004
Way, Lucan. “Weak States and Pluralism: The Case of Moldova.” East European Politics and Societies 17, 3 (Summer 2003): 454–82
Weber, Max. Economy and Society, ed. Guenther Roth and Claus Wittich. Berkeley: University of California Press, 1978
Weiner, Myron. “Empirical Democratic Theory.” In Weiner, Myron and Özbudun, Ergun, eds., Competitive Elections in Developing Countries. Durham, NC: Duke University Press, 1987
Weinthal, Erika, and Pauline, Jones Luong. “Energy Wealth and Tax Reform in Russia and Kazakhstan.” Resources Policy 27 (2001): 215–23
Weir, Fred. “Kremlin Squeezes Political Parties.” Christian Science Monitor, August 14, 2002
Welsh, David. “Domestic Politics and Ethnic Conflict.” In Brown, Michael E., ed., Ethnic Conflict and International Security. Princeton, NJ: Princeton University Press, 1993: 43–60
White, Stephen, and McAllister, Ian. “Putin and His Supporters.” Europe-Asia Studies 55, 3 (May 2003): 383–99
White, Stephen, Richard Rose, and Ian McAllister. How Russia Votes. Chatham, NJ: Chatham House, 1997
Winiecki, Jan. “The Polish Generic Private Sector in Transition: Developments and Characteristics.” Europe-Asia Studies 54, 1 (January 2002): 5–29
Wishnevsky, Julia. “Russia on the Eve of the Parliamentary Election.” CSIS Post-Soviet Prospects 3, 4 (May 1995). Online at csis.org/ruseura. Site consulted January 2004
Woodruff, David. Money Unmade: Barter and the Fate of Russian Capitalism. Ithaca, NY: Cornell University Press, 2000
Working, Russell. “Letter from Vladivostok: Election Graft a Grave Issue.” Moscow Times, December 21, 1999[a]
Working, Russell. “Unity Beats Communists in Far East.” Vladivostok News, December 24, 1999[b]. Online at vlad.tribnet.com/1999/current/text/upd4.html. Site consulted May 2004
World Bank. World Development Indicators 2001. Washington, DC: The World Bank, 2001
World Bank. World Development Indicators 2002. Washington, DC: The World Bank, 2002[a]
World Bank. World Development Indicators 2003. Washington, DC: The World Bank, 2003
World Bank. World Development Report 2002. New York: Oxford University Press, 2002[b]
World Bank. World Tables 1995. Baltimore: Johns Hopkins University Press, 1995
World Bank, Russia Country Department. “Russian Economic Report, February 2004.” Online at worldbank.org.ru. Site consulted March 2004
Wu, Yu-shan. “The ROC's Semi-presidentialism at Work: Unstable Compromise, Not Cohabitation.” Issues and Studies 36, 5 (September–October 2000): 1–40
Wyman, Matthew, Stephen White, and Sarah Oates, eds. Elections and Voters in Post-Communist Russia. Northampton, MA: Edward Elgar, 1998
Yabolkova, Oksana. “Ministry Defends All-Russia Center for the Study of Public Opinion (VTsIOM: Vse-Rossiiskii tsentr izucheniia obshchestvennogo mneniia) Overhaul.” Moscow Times, September 3, 2003[a]
Yabolkova, Oksana. “Young Analyst Takes over All-Russia Center for the Study of Public Opinion (VTsIOM: Vse-Rossiiskii tsentr izucheniia obshchestvennogo mneniia).” Moscow Times, September 12, 2003[b]
Yarlykapov, Akhmet. “Islamic Fundamentalism in the Northern Caucasus: Towards a Formulation of the Problem.” Caucasian Regional Studies 4, 1 (1999). Online at poli.vub.ac.be/publi/crs/eng/0401-02.htm. Site consulted May 2004
Yates, Douglas A.The Rentier State in Africa: Oil Rent Dependency and Neocolonialism in the Republic of Gabon. Trenton, NJ: Africa World Press, 1996
Yegorov, Sergei. “Hospitals Trade Medical Care for Votes.” Gazeta.ru, March 11, 2004. Online at gazeta.ru. Site consulted March 2004
“Yukos Stake Sale.” Moscow Times, August 29, 2002
“Zashchita Iliumzhinova: Khod konem.” Novaia gazeta, July 6–12, 1998
Zaslavskaia, Tatiana. “Sotsial'naia struktura sovremennogo rossiiskogo obshchestva.” Ekonomicheskie i sotsial'nye peremeny: Monitoring obshchestvennogo mneniia 6, 1995: 7–13
Zaslavsky, Victor. “The Russian Working Class in Times of Transition.” In Victoria E. Bonnell and George W. Breslauer, eds., Russia in the New Century: Stability or Disorder? Boulder, CO: Westview, 2001: 201–30
Zimmerman, William. The Russian People and Foreign Policy: Russian Elite and Mass Perspectives, 1993–2000. Princeton, NJ: Princeton University Press, 2002
Zolotov, Andrei. “Foreign Pastors Put on Blacklist.” Moscow Times, July 23, 2002
Zudin, Aleksei. “Oligarkhiia kak politicheskaia problema rossiiskogo postkommunizma.” Obshchestvennie nauki i sovremennost' 1, 1999: 45–65
Zueva, Elena. “Prilagatel'noe okazalos' somnitel'nym.” Rossiiskaia gazeta, August 29, 2001