This much revised and expanded textbook offers readers a coherent, thorough understanding of midlatitude atmospheric dynamics. It is invaluable for advanced students and researchers in dynamical meteorology, geophysical fluid dynamics, and applied mathematics. The authors are some of the central players in the development of state-of-the-art research. This new edition links theory with observation using examples of real weather systems, informed by modern global data. It is structured around three themes which gradually build upon each other, so will appeal to both advanced readers and those with little prior knowledge. The first theme introduces the basics of fluid dynamics and thermodynamics; the second discusses the importance of rotation in the atmosphere; and the third explores the concept of balance to expand the discussion to more elaborate weather systems, using the 'PV thinking' conceptual framework. Sets of exercises accompany each chapter, with solutions available online.