Humanitarian Invasion: Global Development in Cold War Afghanistan

Timothy Nunan

doi:10.1017/CBO9781316282458

References

Bibliography

Interviews

Abdulazizov, Abdulwakhov. Worked as a lecturer in Persian language and literature at Tajik State University. Worked as a translator in Kabul from 1980 to 1985 before returning to work as a scholar at Tajik State University. Interview conducted in Dushanbe, Tajikistan, August 21, 2012.

Abdullaev, Rakhmatullo. Born in southern Tajikistan. Graduated from Tajik State University in 1979. Worked as a translator in Qandahar in the late 1980s. Interview conducted in Dushanbe, Tajikistan, July 25, 2012.

Almqvist, Börje. Following engagement in the Swedish anti-Vietnam War movement, worked as a journalist for Swedish newspapers, covering the Soviet occupation of Afghanistan. Worked for the Swedish Committee for Afghanistan throughout the 1980s and 1990s. Interview conducted in Stockholm, Sweden, June 22, 2014.

Begbudiev, Shokhrukh. Born in Samarkand, Uzbekistan, in 1945. Studied mathematics at Tajik State University in the 1960s and worked for the Central Committee of the Tajik SSR's LKSM. Worked as a Komsomol adviser to the Kunduz PC of DOYA from 1980 to 1981, before returning to Tajikistan and, following the dissolution of the Soviet Union, Samarkand. Interview conducted in Samarkand, Uzbekistan, September 20, 2012.

Belofastov, Aleksandr. Born in Moscow in 1952. After completing higher education in economics, worked for Komsomol from 1975 to 1985. Deployed to Afghanistan from 1985 to 1987 as an accounting and financial adviser to the Central Committee of DOYA in Kabul. Interview conducted in Moscow, Russian Federation, October 15, 2012.

Davlatov, Mamadsho. Graduated Tajik State University with a degree in history before working as an instructor at Kabul Polytechnic University from 1976 to 1983. Later studied for a doktor nauk title at the Oriental Institute of the Academy of Sciences of the Soviet Union from 1983 to 1985. Interview conducted in Khujand, Tajikistan, September 6, 2012.

Dzhumashev, Askar. Director of the Historical Section of the Karakalpakstan Academy of Sciences. Interview conducted in Nukus, Uzbekistan, September 12, 2012.

Ezhov, Georgiĭ. Studied Persian language and literature at the Oriental Institute of the Academy of Sciences of the USSR, graduating in 1951. Worked as a translator at Russian–Persian Bank in Tehran, Iran, from 1951 to 1958 before working as an adviser in Afghanistan from 1958 to 1961. Later worked as an economic adviser at the Soviet Embassy in Tehran in the mid 1970s. Interview conducted in Moscow, Russian Federation, April 15, 2013.

Fänge, Anders. Following youth engagement in Swedish FLN-Grupperna, worked as a journalist covering American politics and the Middle East. Served as field office manager for the Swedish Committee for Afghanistan from 1983 until the early 1990s; later worked for SCA in Taliban-era Afghanistan. Interview conducted by telephone from Berlin, Germany, September 17, 2014.

Forsberg, Anders. Studied in Afghanistan as a university student in Uppsala, Sweden, in the mid 1970s. Later became an organizer for the Swedish Committee for Afghanistan. Interview conducted in Uppsala, Sweden, June 28, 2014.

Häselbarth, Christoph. Worked as lead agricultural adviser for the Paktia Projekt for the West German Federal Ministry for Economic Cooperation in Paktia Province in the 1960s and 1970s before moving on to Sumatra, Indonesia. Later, quit career in development work to become a Christian pastor. Interview conducted in Strittmatt, Germany, April 14, 2012.

Hassanov, Hassan. Former military translator for the Soviet Army in Afghanistan; at present, Director of the Association of Veterans of the Afghan War in Samarkand, Uzbekistan. Interview conducted in Samarkand, Uzbekistan, September 20, 2012.

Hultén, Gösta. Following activism in Swedish FLN-Grupperna, co-authored Afghanistan okkuperant with Jan Stolpe and worked with the Swedish Committee for Afghanistan until 1988. Interview conducted by telephone from Arninge, Sweden, June 27, 2014.

Ivanov, Valeriĭ. Graduated from Oriental Institute of the Academy of Sciences of the USSR in 1965 before working in various capacities in Afghanistan from 1966 to 1974. Worked for GKES in Moscow from 1974 to 1979 before directing GKES’ operations in Kabul from 1979 to 1991. Worked as Trade Representative of the Russian Federation to the Islamic State of Afghanistan from 1992 to 1996 and from 2002 to 2005. Interview conducted in Ignatovo, Russian Federation, November 2, 2012.

Karimov, Said. Worked as a translator in Paktia and Paktika Provinces from 1987 to 1989. Now works in the Oriental Institute of Tajik State University. Interview conducted in Dushanbe, Tajikistan, July 24, 2012.

Khaliknazarov, Khudaberdy. Graduated from Tajik State University in the early 1970s before working at the Oriental Institute in Dushanbe. Worked as a translator in Mazar-i Sharif and northern Afghanistan from 1974 to 1976. Worked as a translator for the Soviet Embassy in Tehran from 1978 to 1979. Studied for a kandidat nauk diploma at Moscow State University in the mid 1980s, writing a dissertation on reform movements in late nineteenth-century Iran, graduating in 1987. Worked as a translator in Kabul from 1987 to 1989. Interview conducted in Dushanbe, Tajikistan, August 2, 2012.

Kireev, Georgiĭ. Born in Verkhnedneprovsk, Ukraine, in 1956. Graduated from Kryvih Rih Technical Academy in 1975 and the Higher Komsomol School in 1981. Served as an adviser to the Qandahar PC of DOYA from 1985 to 1986. Interview conducted via telephone from Moscow, Russian Federation, November 10, 2012.

Komissarov, Nikolaĭ. Born in Kazan, Russia, in 1953. Graduated from the Kirov Chemical-Technological Institute in 1975 before working for Komsomol in Kazan from 1976 to 1982. Served as the first Komsomol adviser in Faryab, Badakhshan, from 1982 to 1983. Following the Chernobyl disaster, worked near the accident site managing containment teams. Interview conducted by telephone from Moscow, Russian Federation, October 16, 2012.

Korgun, Viktor. Studied Dari and Afghan history in university, taught Dari at Moscow area universities in the late 1960s, and later attended the Oriental Institute of the Academy of Sciences of the USSR from 1971 to 1974. Visited Afghanistan numerous times in the 1970s, serving as an adviser to the Afghan Ministry of Higher Education and translator in 1978–9. While working in Sektor Afganistan at IV AN SSSR in the 1980s, traveled to Afghanistan numerous times as an adviser. Interview conducted in Moscow, Russian Federation, October 15, 2012.

Kravtsov, Vasiliĭ. Born in rural southern Belarus in 1951. After serving in the Soviet Army, was invited to take intensive Pashto and Dari courses at the KGB's institutions of higher education in Moscow. Served as a trainer in the languages and cultures of Afghanistan for KGB agents outbound to Afghanistan from 1980 to 1987. Served as an adviser for tribal affairs in the KhAD from 1987 to 1991, coordinating support for Ghilzai tribes in southern Afghanistan. Interviews conducted in Moscow, Russian Federation, October 23, 2012, November 15, 2012, and April 12, 2013.

Kurbanov, Haydar. Worked as a translator for advisers in Qandahar and Kabul from 1987 to 1988. Interview conducted in Dushanbe, Tajikistan, July 26, 2012.

Laber, Jeri. Founder and Executive Director of Human Rights Watch, 1978–95. Interview conducted by telephone from Cambridge, MA, May 7, 2014.

Malik, Hafeez. Born in Lahore, British India, in 1930. Graduated from Government College (Lahore) in 1949 before coming to the United States to pursue his higher education, while also working as a correspondent for Pakistani Urdu-language newspapers. Worked since 1961 as a professor of political science at Villanova University, collaborating frequently with Soviet scholar Iuriĭ Gankovskiĭ. Interview conducted by telephone from Cambridge, MA, September 4, 2013.

Matveeva, Anna. Born in Moscow in the 1960s. Studied under Soviet Afghan specialists at the Oriental Institute of the Academy of Sciences before working for the publishing house Progress, Soviet foreign policy analysis centers, and, after the collapse of the Soviet Union, Western development agencies. Interview conducted in London, United Kingdom, April 18, 2012.

Nekrasov, Vyacheslav. Born in 1954 in Ozhgikha, Sverdlovsk oblast’, Russia. After completing higher education in 1977, worked as a turner and technician in Sverdlovsk oblast’ factories and served in the Soviet Army in the Far East. Worked for Komsomol from 1980 and as Komsomol provincial adviser to Meymana, Faryab Province, in 1982. Has written numerous books on the country, returned to Afghanistan frequently, and held talks with Ahmad Shah Mas‘ud, Berhanuddin Rabbani, and former Governor of Herat Province Ismail Khan. Now works as an adviser to the Russian Federal Assembly. Interview conducted in Moscow, Russian Federation, October 17, 2012.

Rachabov, Habibullo. Born in Tajikistan and graduated from Tajik State University, specializing in Oriental Studies with an emphasis on Persian- and Urdu-language cultures. Worked as a translator for Komsomol advisers in Kabul, Farah, Kunduz, Qandahar, and Asadabad from 1982 to 1984. Following return to the USSR, became an academic with research interests in the study of Afghanistan and Pakistan. Interview conducted in Dushanbe, Tajikistan, July 27, 2012.

Sal'nikov, Iuriĭ. Born in Kolomna, Russia. Studied in Leningrad in the 1970s before moving to Volgograd for Party work, eventually becoming the Second Secretary of the Committee of the central raĭon of Volgograd. Was tapped to work as a CC CPSU adviser to PDPA officials in Qandahar from 1984 to 1986, before returning to Party work in Volgograd from 1986 to 1991. Interview conducted in Volgograd, Russian Federation, November 4, 2012.

Samodov, Abdulrakim. Born in Kanibadam, Tajikistan. Graduated Tajik State University in 1966. Worked as a translator in northern Afghanistan from 1974 to 1979, and, later, at the Afghan Ministry of Justice, the Procurator General, and the Supreme Court of the DRA. Interview conducted in Dushanbe, Tajikistan, July 19, 2012.

Schori, Pierre. Worked as the international secretary of the Swedish Social Democratic Party and an assistant to Swedish Prime Minister Olof Palme. Later, served as State Secretary for Foreign Affairs of the Swedish Foreign Ministry from 1982 to 1991. Interview conducted in Stockholm, Sweden, June 24, 2014.

Scott, Richard (“Dick”). Worked as a contractor for USAID in Turkey in the late 1960s and early 1970s before working in Helmand Province, Afghanistan, from 1971 to 1978. Helped conceptualize, critique, and implement a drainage improvement program for Nad-i ‘Ali and Marja in Helmand, and conducted several surveys on the socioeconomic life of farmers and nomads in Helmand Province. Left Afghanistan in 1978 to continue USAID work in West Africa, but has returned to Helmand both under Taliban rule as well as after 2001 to consult on drainage, irrigation, and agricultural issues in the province. Interview conducted by telephone from Tashkent, Uzbekistan, October 5, 2012.

Sharipov, Shavlat. Graduated from Tajik State University in the 1970s before beginning graduate work at the Oriental Institute of the Tajik SSR. Worked as a translator in the Panjshir Valley from 1984 to 1985, then in Kabul from 1985 to 1986. Interview conducted in Khujand, Tajikistan, September 6, 2012.

Shohinbudov, Nadmidin. Worked as a translator for Soviet military forces in Afghanistan from 1982 to 1983 and as a translator from 1985 to 1986 in Kabul, Khost, Paktia, and Paktika. Interview conducted in Dushanbe, Tajikistan, July 28, 2012.

Snegirëv, Vladimir. Born in Tomsk oblast’ in 1947 and graduated from Ural State University in 1969 with a specialization in journalism. Worked for Shakhterskaia Pravda, a paper in Kemerovo oblast’, before accepting a job at Komsomol'skaia Pravda in Moscow. Was invited in 1981 to work as an adviser for Derafsh-i Javānān (Youth Banner), the official paper of DOYA based in Kabul for a year, before going on to write war correspondence for Komsomol'skaia Pravda from Afghanistan for much of the 1980s. At present, writes for Russian newspapers. Interview conducted in Moscow, Russian Federation, October 22, 2012.

Stolpe, Jan. Born in 1940. Worked as a journalist and the editor of the Swedish newspaper FiB/Kulturfront. Later worked as a Stockholm-based organizer for the Swedish Committee for Afghanistan throughout the 1980s, serving as the group's Vice-Chairman and Chairman. Interview conducted in Stockholm, Sweden, June 24, 2014.

Struchkov, Viktor. Born in 1945 in Skopin, Riazanskaia oblast’. Worked for Komsomol in the Central Region of the Russian SFSR before becoming the head of the Section for Scholarly Youth of the Central Committee of Komsomol. Served as the lead coordinator for Komsomol advisers in Kabul from 1983 to 1985. Interview conducted in Moscow, Russian Federation, October 24, 2012.

Symington, Leslie. Daughter of Arthur Paul; now lives in Baltimore, MD. Interview conducted by telephone from Oxford, United Kingdom, October 21, 2011.

Tokareva, Galina. Born in the western Soviet Union in the 1930s. After surviving imprisonment in a Nazi concentration camp, went through Soviet orphanages and schools, and later became an obkom secretary for Komsomol in several locations, eventually joining the Central Committee of Komsomol. Currently works at the head archivist of the Komsomol archives. Interview conducted in Moscow, Russian Federation, November 19, 2012.

Wahidov, Abduwakhov. Born in Samarkand, Uzbekistan. Studied Persian philology and pedagogy in Samarkand before signing up to work as a translator for economic advisers in Jalalabad from 1987 to 1988. Following his service, returned to Samarkand to work in higher education. Interview conducted in Samarkand, Uzbekistan, September 20, 2012, and July 22, 2013.

Zafar, Chafi. Born in Paktia Province before attending school and university in France in the 1950s and 1960s. Married Anahita Esmatey-Wardak, the daughter of Massouma Esmatey-Wardak, and worked in the Afghan government from 1968 to 1990. Later emigrated to the United States. Interview conducted via telephone from Moscow, Russian Federation, April 30, 2013.

Zakirov, Abzuzaid. Born in Chormogzakonitadzhik, Tajikistan, in 1956. Graduated from Tajik State University in 1977 and the Higher Komsomol School in 1982. Worked as military translator in Bagram and Paktia Province, Afghanistan, from 1977 to 1979. Later, worked as a Komsomol adviser to the Kabul PC of DOYA from 1985 to 1987. Interview conducted in Dushanbe, Tajikistan, July 31, 2012.

Ziar, Modschawer. Born in rural eastern Afghanistan before attending schools in Kabul on a government scholarship. Later received a doctoral scholarship to study linguistics at the University of Bern with Professor Georges Redard, a specialist in Iranian languages and linguistics. Served as a research assistant on a major linguistic atlas of dialects of Afghanistan before returning to Kabul in 1972. Taught at Kabul University from 1972 to 1982 before leaving the country. Interview conducted in Oxford, United Kingdom, July 14, 2011.

Ziar, Sakina. Born in Laghman Province in the 1950s, and attended German-language schools in Kabul in the 1960s. Fled Afghanistan in 1982, working with the United Nations Development Corporation before settling in the United Kingdom to work as an editor for BBC Pashto language services and with international aid organizations in Afghanistan. Interview conducted in Oxford, United Kingdom, July 14, 2011.

Manuscript and Archival Sources

Official Publications

Department of State, Office of the Historian, Foreign Relations of the United States (FRUS)

Papers Relating to the Foreign Relations of the United States, 1921 (Volume 1)
Diplomatic Paper 1938 (Volume 2)
Diplomatic Paper 1941 (Volume 2)
1973–6: Volume E-8 (Documents on South Asia)
1973–6: Volume XI (South Asia Crisis)

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[1] Papers Relating to the Foreign Relations of the United States, 1921 (Volume 1)

[2] Diplomatic Paper 1938 (Volume 2)

[3] Diplomatic Paper 1941 (Volume 2)

[4] 1973–6: Volume E-8 (Documents on South Asia)

[5] 1973–6: Volume XI (South Asia Crisis)

[6] Afghan Death Lists. Available online at: www.om.nl/onderwerpen/internationale/death-lists/

[7] Dick Scott Helmand Valley Archives. Available online at: http://scottshelmandvalleyarchives.org/main.html

[8] National Security Archive. Available online at: www2.gwu.edu/~nsarchiv/

[9] RIA Novosti Online Archive. Available online at: www.visualrian.ru/ru/

[10] Wikileaks. Available online at: https://wikileaks.org

[11] Personal Archive of Börje Almqvist (Stockholm, Sweden)

[12] Personal Archive of Anders Forsberg (Uppsala, Sweden)

[13] Personal Archive of Valeriĭ Ivanov (Ignatovo, Russian Federation)

[14] Personal Archive of Leslie Symington (Baltimore, Maryland)

[15] Ann Arbor, Michigan

[16] Gerald R. Ford Presidential Library

[17] National Security Advisor's Presidential Correspondence with Foreign Leaders Collection

[18] Ashgabat, Turkmenistan

[19] Tsentral'nyĩ gosudarstvennyĩ arkhiv Turkmenistana

[20] Berlin, Germany

[21] Bundesarchiv-Lichterfelde, Stiftung Archiv der Parteien und Massenorganisa-tionen

[22] DY 24 (Freie Deutsche Jugend)

[23] DY 30 (Abteilung Internationale Beziehungen)

[24] Bibliothek des Bundesarchivs

[25] Politisches Archiv des Auswärtigen Amtes

[26] Ministerium für Auswärtige Angelegenheiten der Deutschen Demokratischen Republik

[27] Auswärtiges Amt

[28] Bundesbeauftragte für die Unterlagen des Staatssicherheitsdienstes der ehemali-gen Deutschen Demokratischen Republik

[29] Bishkek, Kyrgyz Republic

[30] Tsentral'nyĭ Gosudarstvennyĭ Arkhiv Politicheskoĭ Dokumentatsii Respubliki Kirgizii

[31] f. 391 (Institut sotsial'no-politicheskikh issledovaniĭ TsK KP Kyrgyzstana)

[32] Cambridge, Massachusetts

[33] Harvard Map Collection

[34] Houghton Library

[35] The Nation Magazine Collection

[36] Peabody Museum Archives

[37] Louis Dupree Collection

[38] Schlesinger Library on the History of Women in America

[39] Collection on Women Peace Corps Volunteers in Afghanistan's Smallpox Eradi-cation Program, 1968–71

[40] Gerda Lerner Papers

[41] Cambridge, United Kingdom

[42] Churchill Archives Centre, Churchill College

[43] Vasiliĭ Mitrokhin Papers

[44] College Park, Maryland

[45] United States National Archives

[46] Record Group 59, General Records of the Department of State

[47] Records of the Policy Planning Staff

[48] Dushanbe, Tajikistan

[49] Bāigāni-yi Markazi-yi Dulati Çumhuriyi Toçikiston

[50] f. 18 (Sovet narodnykh kommisarov TSSR)

[51] Independence, Missouri

[52] Harry S. Truman Library and Museum

[53] Ithaca, New York

[54] Division of Rare and Manuscript Collections, Cornell University Library

[55] Robert R. Nathan Papers

[56] Koblenz, Germany

[57] Bundesarchiv-Koblenz

[58] B 213 (Bundesministerium für wirtschaftliche Entwicklung und Zusammenar-beit)

[59] Leipzig, Germany

[60] Universitätsarchiv Leipzig

[61] Lexington, Kentucky

[62] Louis B. Nunn Center for Oral History

[63] Oral History Collections

[64] London, United Kingdom

[65] National Archives

[66] Foreign and Commonwealth Office

[67] Records of the Prime Minister's Office

[68] Moscow, Russian Federation

[69] Arkhiv Vneshneĭ Politiki Rossiĭskoĭ Federratsii

[70] f. 71 (Referentury po Afganistanu / Reports on Afghanistan)

[71] f. 159 (Referentura po Afganistanu / Report on Afghanistan)

[72] Fond Gorbachëva

[73] Politburo Records, 1985–91

[74] Gosudarstvennyĭ Arkhiv Rossiĭskoĭ Federatsii

[75] f. A-842 (Minzdrav RSFSR)

[76] f. R-6991 (Komitet po religioznym delam)

[77] f. R-7928 (Komitet sovetskykh zhenshchin)

[78] f. R-9606 (Ministerstvo srednego i vyshego obrazovaniia)

[79] Rossiĭskiĭ Gosudarstvennyĭ Arkhiv Ekonomiki

[80] f. 365 (Uchrezhdeniia po vneshnoekonomicheskim sviaziam)

[81] Rossiĭskiĭ Gosudarstvennyĭ Arkhiv Literatury i Iskusstva

[82] f. 2487 (Tsentral'naia studiia dokumental'nykh fil'mov)

[83] Rossiĭskiĭ Gosudarstvennyĭ Arkhiv Noveĭsheĭ Istorii

[84] f. 5 (Tsentral'nyĭ Komitet KPSS)

[85] Rossiĭskiĭ Gosudarstvennyĭ Arkhiv Sotsial'no-Politicheskoĭ Istorii

[86] f. 17 (Tsentral'nyĭ Komitet KPSS)

[87] f. M-3, op. 13 (Sovetniki TsK VLKSM v Afganistane)

[88] New Delhi, India

[89] Nehru Memorial Museum and Library

[90] PN Haksar Papers

[91] NM Kaul Papers

[92] National Archives of India

[93] Foreign & Secret Consultations

[94] New Haven, Connecticut

[95] Sterling Memorial Library, Manuscripts & Archives

[96] Javier Pérez de Cuéllar Papers

[97] New York, New York

[98] Human Rights Watch Records, Columbia University

[99] Jeri Laber Files

[100] New York Public Library

[101] Edward Allworth Papers

[102] United Nations Archives

[103] Omaha, Nebraska

[104] Arthur Paul Afghanistan Collection, Criss Library, University of Nebraska-Omaha

[105] Arthur Paul Journals

[106] Paris, France

[107] Medécins sans Frontières

[108] Institutional Archives

[109] Stockholm, Sweden

[110] Riksarkivet

[111] Collection 730500 (Svenska Afganistankommitén)

[112] Svenska Afghanistankommitén

[113] Institutional Archives

[114] Afghanistan.ru

[115] Afghanistan-Nytt (Sweden)

[116] Agence France-Presse

[117] Agentura.ru

[118] Amān-i Afghān

[119] Aziia i Afrika segoniia

[120] The Atlantic Monthly

[121] BBC News

[122] BBC Russian

[123] Bol'shevik

[124] Biulleten’ pressy Srednego Vostoka

[125] Bulletin Médecins sans Frontières

[126] The Christian Science Monitor

[127] The Colgate Scene

[128] Da Afghānistān kālaneh

[129] Dawn

[130] Defence Journal (Pakistan)

[131] DRA Annual

[132] The Economist

[133] Eskilstuna-Kuriren med Strengnäs Tidning

[134] El Universal (Mexico City)

[135] Foreign Affairs

[136] Foreign Policy

[137] Frankfurt Allgemeine Zeitung

[138] Geologiia nefti

[139] God za godom

[140] The Guardian

[141] Hamburger Abend-Blatt

[142] The Hindustan Times

[143] The Hosiery Examiner

[144] Houston Post

[145] IA Regnum

[146] International Committee of the Red Cross Bulletin

[147] IRIN News

[148] Iṣlāh

[149] Journal de St Petersburg

[150] Kabul Times

[151] Karavan (Afghanistan)

[152] Kommuna

[153] Komsomol'skaia Pravda

[154] KM.ru

[155] Krasnaia Zvezda

[156] Le Quotidien du Médecin

[157] Les temps modernes

[158] Los Angeles Times

[159] London Review of Books

[160] Merman (Afghanistan)

[161] Mezhdunarodnye otnosheniia

[162] Mezhdunarodnaia Zhizn’

[163] Millat (Afghanistan)

[164] Mirman (Afghanistan)

[165] Mirovaia ekonomika i mezhdunarodnye otnosheniia

[166] Kommuna

[167] Komsomol'skaia Pravda

[168] Krasnaia Zvezda

[169] Mukomol'no-elevatornaia promyshlennost’

[170] Narody Azii i Afriki

[171] The Nassau Weekly

[172] The Nation

[173] New Left Review

[174] The News (Pakistan)

[175] The New Republic

[176] The New York Review of Books

[177] The New York Times

[178] Novoe Vremia

[179] Ogonëk

[180] Oktiabr’

[181] Open Democracy / Open Security

[182] Parcham

[183] Payām-i Zan

[184] Pravda

[185] Pravda Vostoka

[186] Radio Free Europe / Radio Liberty

[187] Ramparts

[188] RAWA News

[189] Reader's Digest

[190] Reading Eagle

[191] Rossiĭskaia Gazeta

[192] Sālnāmeh-yi majaleh-yi Kābul

[193] Sobesednik

[194] Soobshcheniia turkestanskogo otdela russkogo geograficheskogo obshchestva

[195] Sotsialisticheskaia industriia

[196] Sovetskaia Kirgiziia

[197] Sovetskoe vostokovedenie

[198] Tashkentskaia Pravda

[199] Textile World

[200] Time

[201] Times Higher Education Supplement

[202] Torgovlia Rossii s Vostokom

[203] Upolnomochen zashchishchat’

[204] Veteran Afganistana

[205] The Village Voice

[206] Vokrug sveta

[207] The Wall Street Journal

[208] The Washington Post

[209] Zashchita rasteniĭ ot vrediteleĭ i bolezneĭ

Humanitarian Invasion

Global Development in Cold War Afghanistan

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