Abe, Y. (1997). Thermal and chemical evolution of the terrestrial magma ocean. Physics of the Earth and Planetary Interiors, 100, 27–39.
Abramov, O. and Kring, D. A. (2005). Impact-induced hydrothermal activity on early Mars. Journal of Geophysical Research, 110, E12S09, doi: 10.1029/2005JE002453.
Abyzov, S. S., Duxbury, N. S., Bobin, N. E., et al. (2006). Super-long anabiosis of ancient microorganisms in ice and terrestrial models for development of methods to search for life on Mars, Europa, and other planetary bodies. Advances in Space Research, 38, 1191–1197.
Acuña, M. H., Connerney, J. E. P., Wasilewski, P., et al. (1998). Magnetic field and plasma observations at Mars: initial results of the Mars Global Surveyor Mission. Science, 279, 1676–1680.
Acuña, M. H., Connerney, J. E. P., Ness, N. F., et al. (1999). Global distribution of crustal magnetization discovered by the Mars Global Surveyor MAG/ER Experiment. Science, 284, 790–793.
Acuña, M. H., Connerney, J. E. P., Wasilewski, P., et al. (2001). Magnetic field of Mars: summary of results from the aerobraking and mapping orbits. Journal of Geophysical Research, 106, 23403–23417.
Agee, C. B. and Draper, D. S. (2004). Experimental constraints on the origin of martian meteorites and the composition of the martian mantle. Earth and Planetary Science Letters, 224, 415–429.
Agnor, C. B., Canup, R. M., and Levison, H. (1999). On the character and consequences of large impacts in the late stage of terrestrial planet formation. Icarus, 142, 219–237.
Albee, A. L., Arvidson, R. E., and Palluconi, F. D. (1992). Mars Observer Mission. Journal of Geophysical Research, 97, 7665–7680.
Albee, A. L., Arvidson, R. E., Palluconi, F., and Thorpe, T. (2001). Overview of the Mars Global Surveyor mission. Journal of Geophysical Research, 106, 23 291–23 316.
Alves, E. I. and Baptista, A. R. (2004). Rock magnetic fields shield the surface of Mars from harmful radiation. In Lunar and Planetary Science XXXV, Abstract #1540. Houston, TX: Lunar and Planetary Institute.
Anderson, D. L., Miller, W. F., Latham, G. V., et al. (1977). Seismology on Mars. Journal of Geophysical Research, 82, 4524–4546.
Anderson, R. C., Dohm, J. M., Golombek, M. P., et al. (2001). Primary centers and secondary concentrations of tectonic activity through time in the western hemisphere of Mars. Journal of Geophysical Research, 106, 20 563–20 586.
Anderson, R. C., Dohm, J. M., Haldemann, A. F. C., Pounders, E., and Golombek, M. P. (2006). Tectonic evolution of Mars. In Lunar and Planetary Science XXXVII, Abstract #1883. Houston, TX: Lunar and Planetary Institute.
Anguita, F., Anguita, J., Castilla, G., et al. (1998). Arabia Terra, Mars: tectonic and paleoclimatic evolution of a remarkable sector of martian lithosphere. Earth, Moon and Planets, 77, 55–72.
Anguita, F., Babin, R., Benito, G., et al. (2000). Chasma Australe, Mars: structural framework for a catastrophic outflow origin. Icarus, 144, 302–312.
Arfstrom, J. and Hartmann, W. K. (2005). Martian flow features, moraine-like ridges, and gullies: terrestrial analogs and interrelationships. Icarus, 174, 321–335.
Arkani-Hamed, J. (2001). Paleomagnetic pole positions and pole reversals of Mars. Geophysical Research Letters, 28, 3409–3412.
Arvidson, R. E., Anderson, R. C., Bartlett, P., et al. (2004a). Localization and physical properties experiments conducted by Spirit at Gusev Crater. Science, 305, 821–824.
Arvidson, R. E., Anderson, R. C., Bartlett, P.et al. (2004b). Localization and physical properties experiments conducted by Opportunity at Meridiani Planum. Science, 306, 1730–1733.
Badhwar, G. D. (2004). Martian Radiation Environment Experiment (MARIE). Space Science Reviews, 110, 131–142.
Baker, V. R. (1978). The Spokane flood controversy and the martian outflow channels. Science, 202, 1249–1256.
Baker, V. R. (1982). The Channels of Mars. Austin, TX: University of Texas Press.
Baker, V. R. (2001). Water and the martian landscape. Nature, 412, 228–236.
Baker, V. R., Strom, R. G., Gulick, V. C., et al. (1991). Ancient oceans, ice sheets, and the hydrological cycle on Mars. Nature, 352, 589–594.
Balsiger, H., Altwegg, K., and Geiss, J. (1995). D/H and 18O/16O ratio in the hydronium ion and in neutral water from in situ ion measurements in Comet P/Halley. Journal of Geophysical Research, 100, 5827–5834.
Bandfield, J. L. (2002). Global mineral distributions on Mars. Journal of Geophysical Research, 107, 5042, doi: 10.1029/2001JE001510.
Bandfield, J. L., Hamilton, V. E., and Christensen, P. R. (2000). A global view of martian volcanic compositions. Science, 287, 1626–1630.
Bandfield, J. L., Hamilton, V. E., Christensen, P. R., and McSween, H. Y. (2004). Identification of quartzofeldspathic materials on Mars. Journal of Geophysical Research, 109, E10009, doi: 10.1029/2004JE002290.
Banerdt, W. B., Golombek, M. P., and Tanaka, K. L. (1992). Stress and tectonics on Mars. In Mars, ed. Kieffer, H. H., Jakosky, B. M., Snyder, C. W., and Matthews, M. S.. Tucson, AZ: University of Arizona Press, pp. 249–297.
Banfield, D., Conrath, B., Pearl, J. C., Smith, M. D., and Christensen, P. (2000). Thermal tides and stationary waves on Mars as revealed by Mars Global Surveyor Thermal Emission Spectrometer. Journal of Geophysical Research, 105, 9521–9537.
Banfield, D., Conrath, B. J., Smith, M. D., Christensen, P. R., and Wilson, R. J. (2003). Forced waves in the martian atmosphere from MGS TES nadir data. Icarus, 161, 319–345.
Banfield, D., Conrath, B. J., Gierasch, P. J., Wilson, R. J., and Smith, M. D. (2004). Traveling waves in the martian atmosphere from MGS TES nadir data. Icarus, 170, 365–403.
Barlow, N. G. (1988). Crater size–frequency distributions and a revised martian relative chronology. Icarus, 75, 285–305.
Barlow, N. G. (1990). Constraints on early events in Martian history as derived from the cratering record. Journal of Geophysical Research, 95, 14 191–14 201.
Barlow, N. G. (1997). Identification of possible source craters for Martian meteorite ALH84001. In Instruments, Methods, and Missions for the Investigation of Extraterrestrial Microorganisms, ed. Hoover, R. B.. Bellingham, WA: SPIE Proceedings vol. 3111, pp. 26–35.
Barlow, N. G. (2004). Martian subsurface volatile concentrations as a function of time: clues from layered ejecta craters. Geophysical Research Letters, 31, L05703, doi: 10.1029/2003GL019075.
Barlow, N. G. (2005). A review of martian impact crater ejecta structures and their implications for target properties. In Large Meteorite Impacts III, ed. Kenkmann, T., Hörz, F., and Deutsch, A.. Boulder, CO: Geological Society of America Special Paper 384, pp. 433–442.
Barlow, N. G. (2006). Impact craters in the northern hemisphere of Mars: layered ejecta and central pit characteristics. Meteoritics and Planetary Science, 41, 1425–1436.
Barlow, N. G. and Perez, C. B. (2003). Martian impact crater ejecta morphologies as indicators of the distribution of subsurface volatiles. Journal of Geophysical Research, 108, 5085, doi: 10.1029/2002JE002036.
Barlow, N. G., Boyce, J. M., Costard, F. M., et al. (2000). Standardizing the nomenclature of martian impact crater ejecta morphologies. Journal of Geophysical Research, 105, 26 733–26 738.
Barnes, J. R., Pollack, J. B., Haberle, R. M., et al. (1993). Mars atmospheric dynamics as simulated by the NASA/Ames general circulation model. 2. Transient baroclinic eddies. Journal of Geophysical Research, 98, 3125–3148.
Barnes, J. R., Haberle, R. M., Pollack, J. B., Lee, H., and Schaeffer, J. (1996). Mars atmospheric dynamics as simulated by the NASA/Ames general circulation model. 3. Winter quasistationary eddies. Journal of Geophysical Research, 101, 12 753–12 776.
Barnouin-Jha, O. S., Schultz, P. H., and Lever, J. H. (1999a). Investigating the interactions between an atmosphere and an ejecta curtain. 1. Wind tunnel tests. Journal of Geophysical Research, 104, 27 105–27 115.
Barnouin-Jha, O. S., Schultz, P. H., and Lever, J. H. (1999b). Investigating the interactions between an atmosphere and an ejecta curtain. 2. Numerical experiments. Journal of Geophysical Research, 104, 27 117–27 131.
Bar-Nun, A. and Dimitrov, V. (2006). Methane on Mars: a product of H2O photolysis in the presence of CO. Icarus, 181, 320–322.
Basu, S., Richardson, M. I., and Wilson, R. J. (2004). Simulation of the martian dust cycle with the DFDL Mars GCM. Journal of Geophysical Research, 109, E11006, doi: 10.1029/2004JE002243.
Batson, R. M., Edwards, K., and Duxbury, T. C. (1992). Geodesy and cartography of the Martian satellites. In Mars, ed. Kieffer, H. H., Jakosky, B. M., Snyder, C. W., and Matthews, M. S.. Tucson, AZ: University of Arizona Press, pp. 1249–1256.
Beaty, D., Buxbaum, K., Meyer, M., et al. (2006). Findings of the Mars Special Regions Science Analysis Group. Astrobiology, 6, 677–732.
Bell, J. F., Pollack, J. B., Geballe, T. R., Cruikshank, D. P., and Freedman, R. (1994). Spectroscopy of Mars from 2.04 to 2.44 μm during the 1993 opposition: absolute calibration and atmospheric vs. mineralogic origin of narrow absorption features. Icarus, 111, 106–123.
Bell, J. F., Wolff, M. J., James, P. B., et al. (1997). Mars surface mineralogy from Hubble Space Telescope imaging during 1994–1995: observations, calibration, and initial results. Journal of Geophysical Research, 102, 9109–9123.
Bell, J. F., McSween, H. Y., Crisp, J. A., et al. (2000). Mineralogic and compositional properties of martian soil and dust: results from Mars Pathfinder. Journal of Geophysical Research, 105, 1721–1755.
Belleguic, V., Lognonné, P., and Wieczorek, M. (2005). Constraints on the martian lithosphere from gravity and topography data. Journal of Geophysical Research, 110, E11005, doi: 10.1029/2005JE002437.
Benson, J. L. and James, P. B. (2005). Yearly comparisons of the martian polar caps: 1999–2003 Mars Orbiter Camera observations. Icarus, 174, 513–523.
Benz, W. and Cameron, A. G. W. (1990). Terrestrial effects of the giant impact. In Origin of the Earth, ed. Newsom, H. E. and Jones, J. H.. Oxford, UK: Oxford University Press, pp. 61–67.
Benz, W., Cameron, A. G. W., and Melosh, H. J. (1989). The origin of the Moon and the single-impact hypothesis III. Icarus, 81, 113–131.
Berman, D. C. and Hartmann, W. K. (2002). Recent fluvial, volcanic, and tectonic activity on the Cerberus Plains of Mars. Icarus, 159, 1–17.
Berman, D. C., Crown, D. A., and Hartmann, W. K. (2005). Tyrrhena Patera, Mars: insights into volcanic and erosional history from high-resolution images and impact crater populations. American Geophysical Union Fall Meeting, Abstract #P23A-0177.
Bertelsen, P., Goetz, W., Madsen, M. B., et al. (2004). Magnetic properties experiments on the Mars Exploration Rover Spirit at Gusev Crater. Science, 305, 827–829.
Bertka, C. M. and Fei, Y. J. (1997). Mineralogy of the martian interior up to core–mantle boundary pressures. Journal of Geophysical Research, 102, 5251–5264.
Beyer, R. A. and McEwen, A. S. (2005). Layering stratigraphy of eastern Coprates and northern Capri Chasmata, Mars. Icarus, 179, 1–23.
Bhattacharya, J. P., Payenberg, T. H. D., Lang, S. C., and Bourke, M. (2005). Dynamic river channels suggest a long-lived Noachian crater lake on Mars. Geophysical Research Letters, 32, L10201, doi: 10.1029/2005GL022747.
Bibring, J. -P., Langevin, Y., Poulet, F., et al. (2004). Perennial water ice identified in the south polar cap of Mars. Nature, 428, 627–630.
Bibring, J. -P., Langevin, Y., Gendrin, A., et al. (2005). Mars surface diversity as revealed by the OMEGA/Mars Express observations. Science, 307, 1576–1581.
Bibring, J. -P., Langevin, Y., Mustard, J. F., et al. (2006). Global mineralogical and aqueous Mars history derived from OMEGA/Mars Express data. Science, 312, 400–404.
Biemann, K., Oro, J., Toulmin, P., et al. (1977). The search for organic substances and inorganic volatile compounds in the surface of Mars. Journal of Geophysical Research, 82, 4641–4658.
Bierhaus, E. B., Chapman, C. R., and Merline, W. J. (2005). Secondary craters on Europa and implications for cratered surfaces. Nature, 437, 1125–1127.
Birck, J. L. and Allègre, C. J. (1978). Chronology and chemical history of the parent body of basaltic achondrites studied by the 87Rb–87Sr method. Earth and Planetary Science Letters, 39, 37–51.
Bishop, J. L., Murad, E., Lane, M. D., and Mancinelli, R. L. (2004). Multiple techniques for mineral identification on Mars: a study of hydrothermal rocks as potential analogs for astrobiology sites on Mars. Icarus, 169, 311–323.
Blamont, J. E. and Chassefière, E. (1993). First detection of ozone in the middle atmosphere of Mars from solar occultation measurements. Icarus, 104, 324–336.
Blichert-Toft, J., Gleason, J. D., Télouk, P., and Albarède, F. (1999). The Lu–Hf isotope geochemistry of shergottites and the evolution of the martian mantle–crust system. Earth and Planetary Science Letters, 173, 25–39.
Bockelée-Moravan, D., Gautier, D., Lis, D. C., et al. (1998). Deuterated water in Comet C/1996 B2 (Hyakutake) and its implications for the origin of comets. Icarus, 133, 147–162.
Bogard, D. D. and Johnson, P. (1983). Martian gases in an Antarctic meteorite?Science, 221, 651–654.
Borg, L. E. and Draper, D. S. (2003). A petrogenetic model for the origin and compositional variation of the martian basaltic meteorites. Meteoritics and Planetary Science, 38, 1713–1731.
Borg, L. E., Nyquist, L. E., Taylor, L. A., Wiesmann, H., and Shih, C. -Y. (1997). Constraints on martian differentiation process from Rb–Sr and Sm–Nd isotopic analyses of the basaltic shergottite QUE94201. Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta, 61, 4915–4931.
Borg, L. E., Connelly, J. N., Nyquist, L. E.et al. (1999). The age of the carbonates in martian meteorite ALH84001. Science, 268, 90–94.
Boss, A. P. (1990). 3D solar nebula models: implications for Earth origin. In Origin of the Earth, ed. Newsom, H. E. and Jones, J. H.. Oxford, UK: Oxford University Press, pp. 3–15.
Bottke, W. F., Love, S. G., Tytell, D., and Glotch, T. (2000). Interpreting the elliptical crater populations on Mars, Venus, and the Moon. Icarus, 145, 108–121.
Bottke, W. F., Morbidelli, A., Jedicke, R., et al. (2002). Debiased orbital and absolute magnitude distribution of the Near-Earth Objects. Icarus, 156, 399–433.
Bottke, W. F., Durda, D. D., Nesvorný, D., et al. (2005). The fossilized size distribution of the main asteroid belt. Icarus, 175, 111–140.
Boynton, W. V., Feldman, W. C., Squyres, S. W., et al. (2002). Distribution of hydrogen in the near surface of Mars: evidence for subsurface ice deposits. Science, 297, 81–85.
Boynton, W. V., Feldman, W. C., Mitrofanov, I. G., et al. (2004). The Mars Odyssey Gamma-Ray Spectrometer instrument suite. Space Science Reviews, 110, 37–83.
Bradley, B. A., Sakimoto, S. E. H., Frey, H., and Zimbelman, J. R. (2002). Medusae Fossae Formation: new perspectives from Mars Global Surveyor. Journal of Geophysical Research, 107, 5058, doi: 10.1029/2001JE001537.
Brain, D. A. and Jakosky, B. M. (1998). Atmospheric loss since the onset of the martian geologic record: combined role of impact erosion and sputtering. Journal of Geophysical Research, 103, 22 689–22 694.
Brandon, A. D., Walker, R. J., Morgan, J. W., and Goles, G. G. (2000). Re–Os isotopic evidence for early differentiation of the martian mantle. Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta, 64, 4083–4095.
Breuer, D. and Spohn, T. (2003). Early plate tectonics versus single-plate tectonics on Mars: evidence from magnetic field history and crust evolution. Journal of Geophysical Research, 108, E75072, doi: 10.1029/2002JE001999.
Breuer, D., Spohn, T., and Wüllner, U. (1993). Mantle differentiation and the crustal dichotomy of Mars. Planetary and Space Science, 41, 269–283.
Breuer, D., Yuen, D. A., and Spohn, T. (1997). Phase transitions in the martian mantle: implications for partially layered convection. Earth and Planetary Science Letters, 148, 457–469.
Bridges, J. C. and Grady, M. M. (2000). Evaporite mineral assemblages in the nakhlite (martian) meteorites. Earth and Planetary Science Letters, 176, 267–279.
Bridges, N. T., Phoreman, J., White, B. R., et al. (2005). Trajectories and energy transfer of saltating particles onto rock surfaces: application to abrasion and ventifact formation on Earth and Mars. Journal of Geophysical Research, 110, E12004, doi: 10.1029/2004JE002388.
Buczkowski, D. L. and McGill, G. E. (2002). Topography within circular grabens: implications for polygon origin, Utopia Planitia, Mars. Geophysical Research Letters, 29, 1155, doi: 10.1029/2001GL014100.
Burns, J. A. (1977). Orbital evolution. In Planetary Satellites, ed. Burns, J. A.. Tucson, AZ: University of Arizona Press, pp. 113–156.
Burr, D. M., Grier, J. A., McEwen, A. S., and Keszthelyi, L. P. (2002). Repeated aqueous flooding from the Cerberus Fossae: evidence for very recently extant, deep groundwater on Mars. Icarus, 159, 53–73.
Byrne, S. and Ingersoll, A. P. (2003). A sublimation model for martian south polar ice features. Science, 299, 1051–1053.
Byrne, S. and Murray, B. C. (2002). North polar stratigraphy and the paleo-erg of Mars. Journal of Geophysical Research, 107, 5044, doi: 10.1029/2001JE001615.
Cabrol, N. A. and Grin, E. A. (1999). Distribution, classification, and ages of martian impact crater lakes. Icarus, 142, 160–172.
Cabrol, N. A. and Grin, E. A. (2001). The evolution of lacustrine environments on early Mars: is Mars only hydrologically dormant?Icarus, 149, 291–328.
Cahoy, K. L., Hinson, D. P., and Tyler, G. L. (2006). Radio science measurements of atmospheric refractivity with Mars Global Surveyor. Journal of Geophysical Research, 111, E05003, doi: 10.1029/2005JE002634.
Cameron, A. G. W. (1997). The origin of the Moon and the single impact hypothesis V. Icarus, 126, 126–137.
Cameron, A. G. W. (2000). Higher-resolution simulations of the giant impact. In Origin of the Earth and Moon, ed. Canup, R. M. and Righter, K.. Tucson, AZ: University of Arizona Press, pp. 133–143.
Cantor, B. A., James, P. B., Caplinger, M., and Wolff, M. J. (2001). Martian dust storms: 1999 Mars Orbiter Camera observations. Journal of Geophysical Research, 106, 23 653–23 687.
Canup, R. M. and Agnor, C. B. (2000). Accretion of the terrestrial planets and the Earth–Moon system. In Origin of the Earth and Moon, ed. Canup, R. M. and Righter, K.. Tucson, AZ: University of Arizona Press, pp. 113–129.
Carr, M. H. (1981). The Surface of Mars. New Haven, CT: Yale University Press.
Carr, M. H. (1995). The martian drainage system and the origin of valley networks and fretted channels. Journal of Geophysical Research, 100, 7479–7507.
Carr, M. H. (1996). Water on Mars. New York: Oxford University Press.
Carr, M. H. and Wänke, H. (1992). Earth and Mars: water inventories as clues to accretional histories. Icarus, 98, 61–71.
Carr, M. H., Crumpler, L. S., Cutts, J. A., et al. (1977). Martian impact craters and emplacement of ejecta by surface flow. Journal of Geophysical Research, 82, 4055–4065.
Carruthers, M. W. and McGill, G. E. (1998). Evidence for igneous activity and implications for the origin of a fretted channel in southern Ismenius Lacus, Mars. Journal of Geophysical Research, 103, 31 433–31 443.
Cassen, P. (1994). Utilitarian models of the solar nebula. Icarus, 112, 405–429.
Chambers, J. E. (2001). Making more terrestrial planets. Icarus, 152, 205–224.
Chambers, J. E. (2004). Planetary accretion in the inner solar system. Earth and Planetary Science Letters, 223, 241–252.
Chambers, J. E. and Wetherill, G. W. (1998). Making the terrestrial planets: N-body integrations of planetary embryos in three dimensions. Icarus, 136, 304–327.
Chan, M. A., Beitler, B., Parry, W. T., Ormö, J., and Komatsu, G. (2004). A possible terrestrial analogue for haematite concretions on Mars. Nature, 429, 731–734.
Chen, J. H. and Wasserburg, G. J. (1986). Formation ages and evolution of Shergotty and its parent planet from U–Th–Pb systematics. Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta, 50, 955–967.
Chicarro, A. (2002). Mars Express mission and astrobiology. Solar System Research, 36, 487–491.
Christensen, P. R. (1986). The spatial distribution of rocks on Mars. Icarus, 68, 217–238.
Christensen, P. R. (2003). Formation of recent martian gullies through melting of extensive water-rich snow deposits. Nature, 422, 45–47.
Christensen, P. R. and Moore, H. J. (1992). The martian surface layer. In Mars, ed. Kieffer, H. H., Jakosky, B. M., Snyder, C. W., and Matthews, M. S.. Tucson, AZ: University of Arizona Press, pp. 686–729.
Christensen, P. R., Bandfield, J. L., Smith, M. D., Hamilton, V. E., and Clark, R. N. (2000a). Identification of a basaltic component on the martian surface from Thermal Emission Spectrometer data. Journal of Geophysical Research, 105, 9609–9621.
Christensen, P. R., Bandfield, J. L., Hamilton, V. E., et al. (2000b). A thermal emission spectral library of rock-forming minerals. Journal of Geophysical Research, 105, 9735–9739.
Christensen, P. R., Bandfield, J. L., Hamilton, V. E., et al. (2001a). Mars Global Surveyor Thermal Emission Spectrometer experiment: investigation description and surface science results. Journal of Geophysical Research, 106, 23 823–23 871.
Christensen, P. R., Morris, R. V., Lane, M. D., Bandfield, J. L., and Malin, M. C. (2001b). Global mapping of martian hematite mineral deposits: remnants of water-driven processes on early Mars. Journal of Geophysical Research, 106, 23 873–23 885.
Christensen, P. R., Jakosky, B. M., Kieffer, H. H., et al. (2004a). The Thermal Emission Imaging System (THEMIS) for the Mars 2001 Odyssey Mission. Space Science Reviews, 110, 85–130.
Christensen, P. R., Ruff, S. W., Fergason, R. L., et al. (2004b). Initial results from the Mini-TES experiment in Gusev Crater from the Spirit rover. Science, 305, 837–842.
Christensen, P. R., McSween, H. Y., Bandfield, J. L., et al. (2005). Evidence for magmatic evolution and diversity on Mars from infrared observations. Nature, 436, 504–509.
Clark, B. C. (1998). Surviving the limits to life at the surface of Mars. Journal of Geophysical Research, 103, 28 545–28 555.
Clark, B. C., Baird, A. K., Rose, H. J., et al. (1977). The Viking X-ray Fluorescence experiment: analytical methods and early results. Journal of Geophysical Research, 82, 4577–4594.
Clark, B. C., Baird, A. K., Weldon, R. J., et al. (1982). Chemical composition of martian fines. Journal of Geophysical Research, 87, 10 059–10 067.
Clark, R. N. and Roush, T. L. (1984). Reflectance spectroscopy: quantitative analysis techniques for remote sensing applications. Journal of Geophysical Research, 89, 6329–6340.
Clayton, R. N. (1993). Oxygen isotopes in meteorites. Annual Reviews of Earth and Planetary Science, 21, 115–149.
Clayton, R. N. and Mayeda, T. K. (1996). Oxygen isotope studies of achondrites. Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta, 60, 1999–2017.
Cleghorn, T. F., Saganti, P. B., Zeitlin, C., and Cucinotta, F. A. (2004). Charged particle dose measurements by the Odyssey/MARIE instrument in Mars orbit and model calculations. In Lunar and Planetary Science XXXV, Abstract #1321. Houston, TX: Lunar and Planetary Institute.
Clifford, S. M. (1987). Polar basal melting on Mars. Journal of Geophysical Research, 92, 9135–9152.
Clifford, S. M. (1993). A model for the hydrologic and climatic behavior of water on Mars. Journal of Geophysical Research, 98, 10 973–11 016.
Clifford, S. M. and Hillel, D. (1983). The stability of ground ice in the equatorial region of Mars. Journal of Geophysical Research, 88, 2456–2474.
Clifford, S. M. and Parker, T. J. (2001). The evolution of the martian hydrosphere: implications for the fate of a primordial ocean and the current state of the northern plains. Icarus, 154, 40–79.
Clifford, S. M., Crisp, D., Fisher, D. A., et al. (2000). The state and future of Mars polar science and exploration. Icarus, 144, 210–242.
Cockell, C. S. and Barlow, N. G. (2002). Impact excavation and the search for subsurface life on Mars. Icarus, 155, 340–349.
Cockell, C. S., Catling, D. C., Davis, W. L., et al. (2000). The ultraviolet environment of Mars: biological implications past, present, and future. Icarus, 146, 343–359.
Cohen, B. A., Swindle, T. D., and Kring, D. A. (2000). Support for the lunar cataclysm hypothesis from lunar meteorite impact melt ages. Science, 290, 1754–1756.
Colaprete, A., Barnes, J. R., Haberle, R. M., et al. (2005). Albedo of the south pole of Mars determined by topographic forcing of atmospheric dynamics. Nature, 435, 184–188.
Coleman, N. M. (2005). Martian megaflood triggered chaos formation, revealing groundwater depth, cryosphere thickness, and crustal heat flux. Journal of Geophysical Research, 110, E12S20, doi: 10.1029/2005JE002419.
Collins, M., Lewis, S. R., Read, P. L., and Hourdin, F. (1996). Baroclinic wave transitions in the martian atmosphere. Icarus, 120, 344–357.
Comer, R. P., Solomon, S. C., and Head, J. W. (1985). Thickness of the lithosphere from the tectonic response to volcanic loads. Reviews of Geophysics, 34, 143–151.
Connerney, J. E. P., Acuña, M. H., Wasilewski, P. J., et al. (1999). Magnetic lineations in the ancient crust of Mars. Science, 284, 794–798.
Connerney, J. E. P., Acuña, M. H., Ness, N. F., Spohn, T., and Schubert, G. (2004). Mars crustal magnetism. Space Science Reviews, 111, 1–32.
Connerney, J. E. P., Acuña, M. H., Ness, N. F., et al. (2005). Tectonic implications of Mars crustal magnetism. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the USA, 102, 14 970–14 975.
Conrath, B. J. (1981). Planetary-scale wave structure in the martian atmosphere. Icarus, 48, 246–255.
COSPAR (2005). COSPAR Planetary Protection Policy. Available online at www.cosparhq.org/Scistr/PPPolicy.htm
Costard, F. M. and Kargel, J. S. (1995). Outwash plains and thermokarst on Mars. Icarus, 114, 93–112.
Craddock, R. A. and Howard, A. D. (2002). The case for rainfall on a warm, wet early Mars. Journal of Geophysical Research, 107, 5111, doi: 10.1029/2001JE001505.
Crater Analysis Techniques Working Group (1979). Standard techniques for presentation and analysis of crater size–frequency data. Icarus, 37, 467–474.
Crown, D. A. and Greeley, R. (1993). Volcanic geology of Hadriaca Patera and the eastern Hellas region of Mars. Journal of Geophysical Research, 98, 3431–3451.
Culler, T. S., Becker, T. A., Muller, R. A., and Renne, P. R. (2000). Lunar impact history from 40Ar/39Ar dating of glass spherules. Science, 287, 1785–1788.
Dalrymple, G. B. and Ryder, G. (1993). 40Ar/39Ar age spectra of Apollo 15 impact melt rocks by laser step-heating and their bearing on the history of lunar basin formation. Journal of Geophysical Research, 98, 13 085–13 095.
Dalrymple, G. B. and Ryder, G. (1996). Argon-40/argon-39 age spectra of Apollo 17 highlands breccia samples by laser step heating and the age of the Serenitatis basin. Journal of Geophysical Research, 101, 26 069–26 084.
Davis, P. M. (1993). Meteoroid impacts as seismic sources on Mars. Icarus, 105, 469–478.
deVaucouleurs, G., Davies, M. E., and Sturms, F. M. (1973). Mariner 9 aerographic coordinate system. Journal of Geophysical Research, 78, 4395–4404.
DeVincenzi, D. L., Stabekis, P., and Barengoltz, J. (1996). Refinement of planetary protection policy for Mars missions. Advances in Space Research, 18, 311–316.
Diaz, B. and Schulze-Makuch, D. (2006). Microbial survival rates of Escherichia coli and Deinococcus radiodurans under low temperature, low pressure, and UV-irradiation conditions, and their relevance to possible martian life. Astrobiology, 6, 332–347.
Dohm, J. M. and Tanaka, K. L. (1999). Geology of the Thaumasia region, Mars: plateau development, valley origins, and magmatic evolution. Planetary and Space Science, 47, 411–431.
Dollfus, A., Ebisawa, S., and Crussaire, D. (1996). Hoods, mists, frosts, and ice caps at the poles of Mars. Journal of Geophysical Research, 101, 9207–9225.
Donahue, T. M. (1995). Evolution of water reservoirs on Mars from D/H ratios in the atmosphere and crust. Nature, 374, 432–434.
Doran, P. T., Wharton, R. A., Des Marais, D. J., and McKay, C. P. (1998). Antarctic paleolake sediments and the search for extinct life on Mars. Journal of Geophysical Research, 103, 28 481–28 493.
Drake, M. J. and Righter, K. (2002). Determining the composition of the Earth. Nature, 416, 39–44.
Dreibus, G. and Wänke, H. (1985). Mars: a volatile-rich planet. Meteoritics, 20, 367–382.
Dreibus, G. and Wänke, H. (1987). Volatiles on Earth and Mars: a comparison. Icarus, 71, 225–240.
Drouart, A., Dubrulle, B., Gautier, D., and Robert, F. (1999). Structure and transport in the solar nebula from constraints on deuterium enrichment and giant planets formation. Icarus, 140, 129–155.
Edgett, K. S. and Malin, M. C. (2000). New views of Mars eolian activity, materials, and surface properties: three vignettes from the Mars Global Surveyor Mars Orbiter Camera. Journal of Geophysical Research, 105, 1623–1650.
Edgett, K. S., Butler, B. J., Zimbelman, J. R., and Hamilton, V. E. (1997). Geologic context of the Mars radar “Stealth” region in southwestern Tharsis. Journal of Geophysical Research, 102, 21 545–21 567.
Elkins-Tanton, L. T. and Parmentier, E. M. (2006). Water and carbon dioxide in the martian magma ocean: early atmospheric growth, subsequent mantle compositions, and planetary cooling rates. Lunar and Planetary Science XXXVII, Abstract #2007 (CD-ROM). Houston, TX: Lunar and Planetary Institute.
Elkins-Tanton, L. T., Zaranek, S. E., Parmentier, E. M., and Hess, P. C. (2003). Early magnetic field and magmatic activity on Mars from magma ocean cumulate overturn. Earth and Planetary Science Letters, 236, 1–12.
Elkins-Tanton, L. T., Hess, P. C., and Parmentier, E. M. (2005). Possible formation of ancient crust on Mars through magma ocean processes. Journal of Geophysical Research, 110, E12S01, doi: 10.1029/2005JE002480.
Eluszkiewicz, J., Moncet, J. -L., Titus, T. N., and Hansen, G. B. (2005). A microphysically-based approach to modeling emissivity and albedo of the martian seasonal caps. Icarus, 174, 524–534.
Erard, S. (2000). The 1994–1995 apparition of Mars observed from Pic-du-Midi. Planetary and Space Science, 48, 1271–1287.
Fairén, A. G., Ruiz, J., and Anguita, F. (2002). An origin for the linear magnetic anomalies on Mars through accretion of terranes: implications for dynamo timing. Icarus, 160, 220–223.
Farmer, J. (1998). Thermophiles, early biosphere evolution, and the origin of life on Earth: implications for the exobiological exploration of Mars. Journal of Geophysical Research, 103, 28 457–28 461.
Farmer, J. D. and Des Marais, D. J. (1999). Exploring for a record of ancient martian life. Journal of Geophysical Research, 104, 26 977–26 995.
Fasset, C. I. and Head, J. W. (2005). Fluvial sedimentary deposits on Mars: ancient deltas in a crater lake in the Nili Fossae region. Geophysical Research Letters, 32, L14201, doi: 10.1029/2005GL023456.
Fasset, C. I. and Head, J. W. (2006). Valleys on Hecates Tholus, Mars: origin by basal melting of summit snowpack. Planetary and Space Science, 54, 370–378.
Feldman, W. C., Boynton, W. V., Tokar, R. L., et al. (2002). Global distribution of neutrons from Mars: results from Mars Odyssey. Science, 297, 75–78.
Feldman, W. C., Prettyman, T. H., Maurice, S., et al. (2004a). Global distribution of near-surface hydrogen on Mars. Journal of Geophysical Research, 109, E09006, doi: 10.1029/2003JE002160.
Feldman, W. C., Mellon, M. T., Maurice, S., et al. (2004b). Hydrated states of MgSO4 at equatorial latitudes on Mars. Geophysical Research Letters, 31, L16702, doi: 10.1029/2004GL020181.
Ferguson, D. C., Kolecki, J. C., Siebert, M. W., Wilt, D. M., and Matijevic, J. R. (1999). Evidence for martian electrostatic charging and abrasive wheel wear from the Wheel Abrasion Experiment on the Pathfinder Sojourner rover. Journal of Geophysical Research, 104, 8747–8789.
Fernández-Remolar, D. C., Morris, R. V., Gruener, J. E., Amils, R., and Knoll, A. H. (2005). The Rio Tinto Basin, Spain: mineralogy, sedimentary geobiology, and implications for interpretation of outcrop rocks at Meridiani Planum, Mars. Earth and Planetary Science Letters, 240, 149–167.
Fialips, C. I., Carey, J. W., Vaniman, D. T., et al. (2005). Hydration states of zeolites, clays, and hydrated salts under present-day martian surface conditions: can hydrous minerals account for Mars Odyssey observations of near-equatorial water-equivalent hydrogen?Icarus, 178, 74–83.
Fishbaugh, K. E. and Head, J. W. (2000). North polar region of Mars: topography of circumpolar deposits from Mars Orbiter Laser Altimeter (MOLA) data and evidence for asymmetric retreat of the polar cap. Journal of Geophysical Research, 105, 22 433–22 486.
Fishbaugh, K. E. and Head, J. W. (2002). Chasma Boreale, Mars: topographic characterization from Mars Orbiter Laser Altimeter data and implications for mechanisms of formation. Journal of Geophysical Research, 107, 5013, doi: 10.1029/2000JE001351.
Fisher, D. A. (1993). If martian ice caps flow: ablation mechanisms and appearance. Icarus, 105, 501–511.
Fisher, D. A. (2000). Internal layers in an “accublation” ice cap: a test for flow. Icarus, 144, 289–294.
Fisher, J. A., Richardson, M. I., Newman, C. E., et al. (2005). A survey of martian dust devil activity using Mars Global Surveyor Mars Orbiter Camera images. Journal of Geophysical Research, 110, E03004, doi: 10.1029/2003JE002165.
Folkner, W. M., Yoder, C. F., Yuan, D. N., Standish, E. M., and Preston, R. A. (1997). Interior structure and seasonal mass redistribution of Mars from radio tracking of Mars Pathfinder. Science, 278, 1749–1752.
Forget, F. and Pierrehumbert, R. T. (1997). Warming early Mars with carbon dioxide clouds that scatter infrared radiation. Science, 278, 1273–1276.
Forget, F., Hourdin, F., Fournier, R., et al. (1999). Improved general circulation models of the martian atmosphere from the surface to above 80 km. Journal of Geophysical Research, 104, 24 155–24 176.
Formisano, V., Atreya, S., Encrenaz, T., Ignatiev, N., and Giuranna, M. (2004). Detection of methane in the atmosphere of Mars. Science, 306, 1758–1761.
Forsberg-Taylor, N. K., Howard, A. D., and Craddock, R. A. (2004). Crater degradation in the martian highlands: morphometric analysis of the Sinus Sabaeus region and simulation modeling suggest fluvial processes. Journal of Geophysical Research, 109, E05002, doi: 10.1029/2004JE002242.
Frahm, R. A., Winningham, J. D., Sharber, J. R., et al. (2006). Carbon dioxide photoelectron energy peaks at Mars. Icarus, 182, 371–382.
French, B. M. (1998). Traces of Catastrophe: A Handbook of Shock-Metamorphic Effects in Terrestrial Meteorite Impact Structures, Contribution No. 954. Houston, TX: Lunar and Planetary Institute.
Frey, H. and Schultz, R. A. (1988). Large impact basins and the mega-impact origin for the crustal dichotomy on Mars. Geophysical Research Letters, 15, 229–232.
Frey, H. V., Roark, J. H., Shockey, K. M., Frey, E. L., and Sakimoto, S. E. H. (2002). Ancient lowlands on Mars. Geophysical Research Letters, 29, 1384, doi: 10.1029/2001GL013832.
Fukuhara, T. and Imamura, T. (2005). Waves encircling the summer southern pole of Mars observed by MGS TES. Geophysical Research Letters, 32, L18811, doi: 10.1029/2005GL023819.
Garvin, J. B. and Frawley, J. J. (1998). Geometric properties of martian impact craters: preliminary results from the Mars Orbiter Laser Altimeter. Geophysical Research Letters, 25, 4405–4408.
Garvin, J. B., Sakimoto, S. E. H., Frawley, J. J., and Schnetzler, C. (2000a). North polar region craterforms on Mars: geometric characteristics from the Mars Orbiter Laser Altimeter. Icarus, 144, 329–352.
Garvin, J. B., Sakimoto, S. E. H., Frawley, J. J., Schnetzler, C. C., and Wright, H. M. (2002b). Topographic evidence for geologically recent near-polar volcanism on Mars. Icarus, 145, 648–652.
Garvin, J. B., Sakimoto, S. E. H., and Frawley, J. J. (2003). Craters on Mars: global geometric properties from gridded MOLA topography. In 6th International Conference on Mars, Abstract #3277. Houston, TX: Lunar and Planetary Institute.
Gault, D. E., Quaide, W. L., and Oberbeck, V. R. (1968). Impact cratering mechanics and structures. In Shock Metamorphism of Natural Materials, ed. French, B. M. and Short, N. M.. Baltimore, MD: Mono Book Corporation, pp. 87–99.
Geiss, J. and Gloeckler, G. (1998). Abundances of deuterium and helium-3 in the protosolar cloud. Space Science Reviews, 84, 239–250.
Gellert, R., Rieder, R., Anderson, R. C., et al. (2004). Chemistry of rocks and soils in Gusev Crater from the alpha particle X-ray spectrometer. Science, 305, 829–836.
Gellert, R., Rieder, R., Brückner, J., et al. (2006). Alpha Particle X-Ray Spectrometer (APSX): results from Gusev Crater and calibration report. Journal of Geophysical Research, 111, E02S05, doi: 10.1029/2005JE002555.
Gendrin, A., Mangold, N., Bibring, J. -P., et al. (2005). Sulfates in martian layered terrains: the OMEGA/Mars Express view. Science, 307, 1587–1591.
Ghatan, G. J. and Head, J. W. (2002). Candidate subglacial volcanoes in the south polar region of Mars: morphology, morphometry, and eruption conditions. Journal of Geophysical Research, 107, 5048, doi: 10.1029/2001JE001519.
Glaze, L. S., Baloga, S. M., and Stofan, E. R. (2003). A methodology for constraining lava flow rheologies with MOLA. Icarus, 165, 26–33.
Golden, D. C., Ming, D. W., Morris, R. V., and Mertzman, S. A. (2005). Laboratory-simulated acid-sulfate weathering of basaltic materials: implications for formation of sulfates at Meridiani Planum and Gusev Crater, Mars. Journal of Geophysical Research, 110, E12S07, doi: 10.1029/2005JE002451.
Golombek, M. P. and Rapp, D. (1997). Size–frequency distributions of rocks on Mars and Earth analog sites: implications for future landed missions. Journal of Geophysical Research, 102, 4117–4129.
Golombek, M. P., Banerdt, W. B., Tanaka, K. L., and Tralli, D. M. (1992). A prediction of Mars seismicity from surface faulting. Science, 258, 979–981.
Golombek, M. P., Anderson, R. C., Barnes, J. R., et al. (1999a). Overview of the Mars Pathfinder Mission: launch through landing, surface operations, data sets, and science results. Journal of Geophysical Research, 104, 8523–8553.
Golombek, M. P., Moore, H. J., Haldemann, A. F. C., Parker, T. J., and Schofield, J. T. (1999b). Assessment of Mars Pathfinder landing site predictions. Journal of Geophysical Research, 104, 8585–8594.
Golombek, M. P., Anderson, F. S., and Zuber, M. T. (2001). Martian wrinkle ridge topography: evidence for subsurface faults from MOLA. Journal of Geophysical Research, 106, 23 811–23 821.
Golombek, M. P., Grant, J. A., Parker, T. J., et al. (2003). Selection of the Mars Exploration Rover landing sites. Journal of Geophysical Research, 108, 8072, doi: 10.1029/2003JE002074.
Golombek, M. P., Arvidson, R. E., Bell, J. F., et al. (2005). Assessment of Mars Exploration Rover landing site predictions. Nature, 436, 44–48.
Golombek, M. P., Crumpler, L. S., Grant, J. A., et al. (2006). Geology of the Gusev cratered plains from the Spirit rover traverse. Journal of Geophysical Research, 111, E02S07, doi: 10.1029/2005JE002503.
Gomes, R., Levison, H. F., Tsiganis, K., and Morbidelli, A. (2005). Origin of the cataclysmic Late Heavy Bombardment period of the terrestrial planets. Nature, 435, 466–469.
Goudy, C. L., Schultz, R. A., and Gregg, T. K. P. (2005). Coulomb stress changes in Hesperia Planum, Mars, reveal regional thrust fault reactivation. Journal of Geophysical Research, 110, E10005, doi: 10.1029/2004JE02293.
Grant, J. A. and Parker, T. J. (2002). Drainage evolution in the Margaritifer Sinus region, Mars. Journal of Geophysical Research, 107, 5066, doi: 10.1029/2001JE001678.
Greeley, R. and Fagents, S. A. (2001). Icelandic pseudocraters as analogs to some volcanic cones on Mars. Journal of Geophysical Research, 106, 20 527–20 546.
Greeley, R. and Iverson, J. D. (1985). Wind as a Geological Process on Earth, Mars, Venus, and Titan.Cambridge, UK: Cambridge University Press.
Greeley, R., Kraft, M., Sullivan, R., et al. (1999). Aeolian features and processes at the Mars Pathfinder landing site. Journal of Geophysical Research, 104, 8573–8584.
Greeley, R., Arvidson, R. E., Barlett, P. W., et al. (2006). Gusev Crater: wind-related features and processes observed by the Mars Exploration Rover Spirit. Journal of Geophysical Research, 111, E02S09, doi: 10.1029/2005JE002491.
Gregg, T. K. P. and Williams, S. N. (1996). Explosive mafic volcanoes on Mars and Earth: deep magma sources and rapid rise rate. Icarus, 122, 397–405.
Grossman, L. (1972). Condensation in the primitive solar nebula. Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta, 36, 597–619.
Grott, M., Hauber, E., Werner, S. C., Kronberg, P., and Neukum, G. (2005). High heat flux on ancient Mars: evidence from rift flank uplift at Coracis Fossae. Geophysical Research Letters, 32, L21201, doi: 10.1029/2005GL023894.
Gulick, V. C. (1998). Magmatic intrusions and a hydrothermal origin for fluvial valleys on Mars. Journal of Geophysical Research, 103, 19 365–19 388.
Gulick, V. C. and Baker, V. R. (1990). Origin and evolution of valleys on martian volcanoes. Journal of Geophysical Research, 95, 14 325–14 344.
Gulick, V. C., Tyler, D., McKay, C. P., and Haberle, R. M. (1997). Episodic ocean-induced CO2 greenhouse on Mars: implications for fluvial valley formation. Icarus, 130, 68–86.
Haberle, R. M. (1998). Early Mars climate models. Journal of Geophysical Research, 103, 28 467–28 479.
Haberle, R. M., Pollack, J. B., Barnes, J. R., et al. (1993). Mars atmospheric dynamics as simulated by the NASA/Ames general circulation model. 1. The zonal-mean circulation. Journal of Geophysical Research, 98, 3093–3123.
Haberle, R. M., McKay, C. P., Schaeffer, J., et al. (2001). On the possibility of liquid water on present-day Mars. Journal of Geophysical Research, 106, 23 317–23 326.
Haberle, R. M., Murphy, J. R., and Schaeffer, J. (2003). Orbital change experiments with a Mars general circulation model. Icarus, 161, 66–89.
Halliday, A. N., Wänke, H., Birck, J. -L., and Clayton, R. N. (2001). The accretion, composition, and early differentiation of Mars. Space Science Reviews, 96, 197–230.
Hamilton, V. E., Christensen, P. R., McSween, H. Y., and Bandfield, J. L. (2003). Searching for the source regions of martian meteorites using MGS TES: integrating martian meteorites into the global distribution of igneous materials on Mars. Meteoritics and Planetary Science, 38, 871–885.
Hanel, R. A., Conrath, B. J., Jennings, D. E., and Samuelson, R. E. (2003). Exploration of the Solar System by Infrared Remote Sensing, 2nd edn. Cambridge, UK: Cambridge University Press.
Hargraves, R. B., Collinson, D. W., Arvidson, R. E., and Spitzer, C. R. (1977). The Viking magnetic properties experiment: primary mission results. Journal of Geophysical Research, 82, 4547–4558.
Hargraves, R. B., Collinson, D. W., Arvidson, R. E., and Cates, P. M. (1979). The Viking magnetic properties experiment: extended mission results. Journal of Geophysical Research, 84, 8379–8384.
Harmon, J. K., Arvidson, R. E., Guinness, E. A., Campbell, B. A., and Slade, M. A. (1999). Mars mapping with delay-Doppler radar. Journal of Geophysical Research, 104, 14 065–14 089.
Harper, C. L., Nyquist, L. E., Bansal, B., Weismann, H., and Shih, C. -Y. (1995). Rapid accretion and early differentiation of Mars indicated by 142Nd/144Nd in SNC meteorites. Science, 267, 213–217.
Harrison, K. P. and Grimm, R. E. (2003). Rheological constraints on martian landslides. Icarus, 163, 347–362.
Hartmann, W. K. (1984). Does crater “saturation equilibrium” occur in the solar system?Icarus, 60, 56–74.
Hartmann, W. K. (1990). Additional evidence about an early intense flux of asteroids and the origin of Phobos. Icarus, 87, 236–240.
Hartmann, W. K. (1997). Planetary cratering. 2. Studies of saturation equilibrium. Meteoritics, 32, 109–121.
Hartmann, W. K. (2003). Megaregolith evolution and cratering cataclysm models: lunar cataclysm as a misconception (28 years later). Meteoritics and Planetary Science, 38, 579–593.
Hartmann, W. K. (2005). Martian cratering. 8. Isochron refinement and the chronology of Mars. Icarus, 174, 294–320.
Hartmann, W. K. and Barlow, N. G. (2006). Nature of the martian uplands: effects on martian meteorite age distribution and secondary cratering. Meteoritics and Planetary Science, 41, 1453–1467.
Hartmann, W. K. and Berman, D. C. (2000). Elysium Planitia lava flows: crater count chronology and geological implications. Journal of Geophysical Research, 105, 15 011–15 025.
Hartmann, W. K. and Davis, D. R. (1975). Satellite-sized planetesimals and lunar origin. Icarus, 24, 504–515.
Hartmann, W. K. and Neukum, G. (2001). Cratering chronology and the evolution of Mars. Space Science Reviews, 96, 165–194.
Hartmann, W. K., Malin, M., McEwen, A., et al. (1999). Evidence for recent volcanism on Mars from crater counts. Nature, 397, 586–589.
Harvey, R. P. and Hamilton, V. E. (2005). Syrtis Major as the source region of the Nakhlite/Chassigny group of martian meteorites: implications for the geological history of Mars. Lunar and Planetary Science XXXVI, Abstract #1019 (CD-ROM). Houston, TX: Lunar and Planetary Institute.
Hauber, E., Gasselt, S., Ivanov, B., et al. (2005). Discovery of a flank caldera and very young glacial activity at Hecates Tholus, Mars. Nature, 434, 356–361.
Head, J. N., Melosh, H. J., and Ivanov, B. A. (2002). Martian meteorite launch: high-speed ejecta from small craters. Science, 298, 1752–1756.
Head, J. W. and Marchant, D. R. (2003). Cold-based mountain glaciers on Mars: western Arsia Mons. Geology, 31, 641–644.
Head, J. W. and Pratt, S. (2001). Extensive Hesperian-aged south polar ice cap on Mars: evidence for massive melting and retreat, and lateral flow and ponding of meltwater. Journal of Geophysical Research, 106, 12 275–12 299.
Head, J. W., Kreslavsky, M., Hiesinger, H., et al. (1998). Oceans in the past history of Mars: tests for their presence using Mars Orbiter Laser Altimeter (MOLA) data. Geophysical Research Letters, 25, 4401–4404.
Head, J. W., Hiesinger, H., Ivanov, M. A., et al. (1999). Possible ancient oceans on Mars: evidence from Mars Orbiter Laser Altimeter data. Science, 286, 2134–2137.
Head, J. W., Kreslavsky, M. A., and Pratt, S. (2002). Northern lowlands of Mars: evidence for widespread volcanic flooding and tectonic deformation in the Hesperian Period. Journal of Geophysical Research, 107, 5003, doi: 10.1029/2000JE001445.
Head, J. W., Mustard, J. F., Kreslavsky, M. A., Milliken, R. E., and Marchant, D. R. (2003a). Recent ice ages on Mars. Nature, 426, 797–802.
Head, J. W., Wilson, L., and Mitchell, K. L. (2003b). Generation of recent massive water floods at Cerberus Fossae, Mars by dike emplacement, cryospheric cracking, and confined aquifer groundwater release. Geophysical Research Letters, 30, 1577, doi: 10.1029/2003GL017135.
Head, J. W., Neukum, G., Jaumann, R., et al. (2005). Tropical to mid-latitude snow and ice accumulation, flow and glaciation on Mars. Nature, 434, 346–351.
Head, J. W., Marchant, D. R., Agnew, M. C., Fassett, C. I., and Kreslavsky, M. A. (2006a). Extensive valley glacier deposits in the northern mid-latitudes of Mars: evidence for Late Amazonian obliquity-driven climate change. Earth and Planetary Science Letters, 241, 663–671.
Head, J. W., Nahm, A. L., Marchant, D. R., and Neukum, G. (2006b). Modification of the dichotomy boundary on Mars by Amazonian mid-latitude regional glaciation. Geophysical Research Letters, 33, L08S03, doi: 10.1029/2005GL024360.
Hecht, M. H. (2002). Metastability of liquid water on Mars. Icarus, 156, 373–386.
Heiken, G. H., Vaniman, D. T., and French, B. M. (1991). Lunar Sourcebook: A User's Guide to the Moon.Cambridge, UK: Cambridge University Press.
Heldmann, J. L., Toon, O. B., Pollard, W. H., et al. (2005). Formation of martian gullies by the actions of liquid water flowing under current martian environmental conditions. Journal of Geophysical Research, 110, E05004, doi: 10.1029/2004JE002261.
Herkenhoff, K. E. and Plaut, J. J. (2000). Surface ages and resurfacing rates of the polar layered deposits, Mars. Icarus, 144, 243–253.
Herkenhoff, K. E. and Vasavada, A. R. (1999). Dark material in the polar layered deposits and dunes on Mars. Journal of Geophysical Research, 104, 16 487–16 500.
Herkenhoff, K. E., Squyres, S. W., Arvidson, R., et al. (2004). Evidence from Opportunity's Microscopic Imager for water on Meridiani Planum. Science, 306, 1727–1730.
Hiesinger, H. and Head, J. W. (2000). Characteristics and origin of polygonal terrain in southern Utopia Planitia, Mars: results from Mars Orbiter Laser Altimeter and Mars Orbiter Camera data. Journal of Geophysical Research, 105, 11 999–12 022.
Hiesinger, H. and Head, J. W. (2002). Topography and morphology of the Argyre Basin, Mars: implications for its geologic and hydrologic history. Planetary and Space Science, 50, 939–981.
Hiesinger, H. and Head, J. W. (2004). The Syrtis Major volcanic province, Mars: synthesis from Mars Global Surveyor data. Journal of Geophysical Research, 109, E01004, doi: 10.1029/2003JE002143.
Hinson, D. P. and Wilson, R. J. (2002). Transient eddies in the southern hemisphere of Mars. Geophysical Research Letters, 29, 1154, doi: 10.1029/2001GL014103.
Hinson, D. P., Simpson, R. A., Twicken, J. D., Tyler, G. L., and Flasar, F. M. (1999). Initial results from radio occultation measurements with Mars Global Surveyor. Journal of Geophysical Research, 104, 26 997–27 012.
Hinson, D. P., Tyler, G. L., Hollingsworth, J. L., and Wilson, R. J. (2001). Radio occultation measurements of forced atmospheric waves on Mars. Journal of Geophysical Research, 106, 1463–1480.
Hinson, D. P., Wilson, R. J., Smith, M. D., and Conrath, B. J. (2003). Stationary planetary waves in the atmosphere of Mars during southern winter. Journal of Geophysical Research, 108, 5004, doi: 10.1029/2002JE001949.
Hodges, C. A. and Moore, H. J. (1994). Atlas of Volcanic Landforms on Mars, Professional Paper No. 1534. Washington, DC: US Geological Survey.
Hoefen, T. M., Clark, R. N., Bandfield, J. L., et al. (2003). Discovery of olivine in the Nili Fossae region of Mars. Science, 302, 627–630.
Hoffman, N. (2000). White Mars: a new model for Mars' surface and atmosphere based on CO2. Icarus, 146, 326–342.
Hollingsworth, J. L., Haberle, R. M., Bridger, A. F. C., et al. (1996). Winter storm zones on Mars. Nature, 380, 413–416.
Hood, L. L. and Zakharian, A. (2001). Mapping and modeling of magnetic anomalies in the northern polar region of Mars. Journal of Geophysical Research, 106, 14 601–14 619.
Hood, L. L., Richmond, N. C., Pierazzo, E., and Rochette, P. (2003). Distribution of crustal magnetic fields on Mars: shock effects of basin-forming impacts. Geophysical Research Letters, 30, 1281, doi: 10.1029/2002GL016657.
Horowitz, N. H., Hobby, G. L., and Hubbard, J. S. (1977). Viking on Mars: the carbon assimilation experiments. Journal of Geophysical Research, 82, 4659–4662.
Houben, H., Haberle, R. M., Young, R. E., and Zent, A. P. (1997). Modeling the martian seasonal water cycle. Journal of Geophysical Research, 102, 9069–9083.
Hourdin, F., Forget, F., and Talagrand, O. (1995). The sensitivity of the martian surface pressure to various parameters: a comparison between numerical simulations and Viking observations. Journal of Geophysical Research, 100, 5501–5523.
Howard, A. D. (2000). The role of eolian processes in forming surface features of the martian polar layered deposits. Icarus, 144, 267–288.
Howard, A. D., Cutts, J. A., and Blasius, K. R. (1982). Stratigraphic relationships within martian polar cap deposits. Icarus, 50, 161–215.
Howard, A. D., Moore, J. M., and Irwin, R. P. (2005). An intense terminal epoch of widespread fluvial activity on early Mars. 1. Valley network incision and associated deposits. Journal of Geophysical Research, 110, E12S14, doi: 10.1029/2005JE002459.
Hubbard, W. B. (1984). Planetary Interiors. New York: Van Nostrand Reinhold.
Hunten, D. M., Pepin, R. O., and Walker, J. G. C. (1987). Mass fractionation in hydrodynamic escape. Icarus, 69, 532–549.
Hviid, S. F., Madsen, M. B., Gunnlaugsson, H. P., et al. (1997). Magnetic properties experiments on the Mars Pathfinder Lander: preliminary results. Science, 278, 1997.
Hynek, B. M., Phillips, R. J., and Arvidson, R. E. (2003). Explosive volcanism in the Tharsis region: global evidence in the martian geologic record. Journal of Geophysical Research, 108, 5111, doi: 10.1029/2003JE002062.
Irwin, R. P. and Howard, A. D. (2002). Drainage basin evolution in Noachian Terra Cimmeria, Mars. Journal of Geophysical Research, 107, 5056, doi: 10.1029/2001JE001818.
Irwin, R. P., Watters, T. R., Howard, A. D., and Zimbelman, J. R. (2004). Sedimentary, resurfacing and fretted terrain development along the crustal dichotomy boundary, Aeolis Mensae, Mars. Journal of Geophysical Research, 109, E09011, doi: 10.1029/2004JE002248.
Irwin, R. P., Craddock, R. A., and Howard, A. D. (2005). Interior channels in martian valley networks: discharge and runoff production. Geology, 33, 489–492.
Ivanov, B. A. (2001). Mars/Moon cratering rate ratio estimates. Space Science Reviews, 96, 87–104.
Ivanov, B. A. (2006). Cratering rate comparisons between terrestrial planets. In Workshop on Surface Ages and Histories: Issues in Planetary Chronology, Contribution No. 1320. Houston, TX: Lunar and Planetary Institute, pp. 26–27.
Ives, H. E. (1919). Some large-scale experiments imitating the craters of the Moon. Astrophysical Journal, 50, 245.
Jagoutz, E., Sorowka, A., Vogel, J. D., and Wänke, H. (1994). ALH84001: alien or progenitor of the SNC family?Meteoritics, 28, 478–479.
Jakosky, B. M. and Haberle, R. M. (1992). The seasonal behavior of water on Mars. In Mars, ed. Kieffer, H. H., Jakosky, B. M., Snyder, C. W., and Matthews, M. S.. Tucson, AZ: University of Arizona Press, pp. 969–1016.
Jakosky, B. M. and Jones, J. H. (1997). The history of martian volatiles. Reviews of Geophysics, 35, 1–16.
Jakosky, B. M. and Phillips, R. J. (2001). Mars' volatile and climate history. Nature, 412, 237–244.
Jakosky, B. M., Henderson, B. G., and Mellon, M. T. (1993). The Mars water cycle at other epochs: recent history of the polar caps and layered terrain. Icarus, 102, 286–297.
Jakosky, B. M., Pepin, R. O., Johnson, R. E., and Fox, J. L. (1994). Mars atmospheric loss and isotopic fractionation by solar-wind-induced sputtering and photochemical escape. Icarus, 111, 271–288.
Jakosky, B. M., Mellon, M. T., Kieffer, H. H., et al. (2000). The thermal inertia of Mars from the Mars Global Surveyor Thermal Emission Spectrometer. Journal of Geophysical Research, 105, 9643–9652.
Jakosky, B. M., Nealson, K. H., Bakermans, C., et al. (2003). Subfreezing activity of microorganisms and the potential habitability of Mars' polar regions. Astrobiology, 3, 343–350.
Jakosky, B. M., Mellon, M. T., Varnes, E. S., et al. (2005). Mars low-latitude neutron distribution: possible remnant near-surface water ice and a mechanism for its recent emplacement. Icarus, 175, 58–67.
James, P. B. and Cantor, B. A. (2002). Atmospheric monitoring of Mars by the Mars Orbiter Camera on Mars Global Surveyor. Advances in Space Research, 29, 121–129.
James, P. B., Kieffer, H. H., and Paige, D. A. (1992). The seasonal cycle of carbon dioxide on Mars. In Mars, ed. Kieffer, H. H., Jakosky, B. M., Snyder, C. W., and Matthews, M. S.. Tucson, AZ: University of Arizona Press, pp. 934–968.
James, P. B., Bell, J. F., Clancy, R. T., et al. (1996). Global imaging of Mars by Hubble Space Telescope during the 1995 opposition. Journal of Geophysical Research, 101, 18 883–18 890.
James, P. B., Hansen, G. B., and Titus, T. N. (2005). The carbon dioxide cycle. Advances in Space Research, 35, 14–20.
Johnston, D. H., McGetchin, T. R., and Toksöz, M. N. (1974). The thermal state and internal structure of Mars. Journal of Geophysical Research, 79, 3959–3971.
Joshi, M. M., Lewis, S. R., Read, P. L., and Catling, D. C. (1995). Western boundary currents in the martian atmosphere: numerical simulations and observational evidence. Journal of Geophysical Research, 100, 5485–5500.
Joshi, M. M., Haberle, R. M., Barnes, J. R., Murphy, J. R., and Schaeffer, J. (1997). Low-level jets in the NASA Ames Mars general circulation model. Journal of Geophysical Research, 102, 6511–6523.
Kahn, R. A., Martin, T. Z., Zurek, R. W., and Lee, S. W. (1992). The martian dust cycle. In Mars, ed. Kieffer, H. H., Jakosky, B. M., Snyder, C. W., and Matthews, M. S.. Tucson, AZ: University of Arizona Press, pp. 1017–1053.
Kahre, M. A., Murphy, J. R., and Haberle, R. M. (2006). Modeling the martian dust cycle and surface dust reservoirs with the NASA Ames general circulation model. Journal of Geophysical Research, 111, E06008, doi: 10.1029/2005JE002588.
Kargel, J. S. and Strom, R. G. (1992). Ancient glaciation on Mars. Geology, 20, 3–7.
Kargel, J. S., Baker, V. R., Begét, J. E., et al. (1995). Evidence of continental glaciation in the martian northern plains. Journal of Geophysical Research, 100, 5351–5368.
Karlsson, H. R., Clayton, R. N., Gibson, E. K., and Mayeda, T. K. (1992). Water in SNC meteorites: evidence for a martian hydrosphere. Science, 255, 1409–1411.
Kass, D. M., Schofield, J. T., Michaels, T. I., et al. (2003). Analysis of atmospheric mesoscale models for entry, descent, and landing. Journal of Geophysical Research, 108, 8090, doi: 10.1029/2003JE002065.
Kasting, J. F. (1991). CO2 condensation and the climate of early Mars. Icarus, 94, 1–13.
Keszthelyi, L., McEwen, A. S., and Thordarson, T. (2000). Terrestrial analogs and thermal models for martian flood lavas. Journal of Geophysical Research, 105, 15 027–15 049.
Kiefer, W. S. (2003). Melting in the martian mantle: shergottite formation and implications for present-day mantle convection on Mars. Meteoritics and Planetary Science, 39, 1815–1832.
Kieffer, H. H. and Titus, T. N. (2001). TES mapping of Mars' north seasonal cap. Icarus, 154, 162–180.
Kieffer, H. H., Jakosky, B. M., and Snyder, C. W. (1992). The planet Mars: from antiquity to the present. In Mars, ed. Kieffer, H. H., Jakosky, B. M., Snyder, C. W., and Matthews, M. S.. Tucson, AZ: University of Arizona Press, pp. 1–33.
Kieffer, H. H., Titus, T. N., Mullins, K. F., and Christensen, P. R. (2000). Mars south polar spring and summer behavior observed by TES: seasonal cap evolution controlled by frost grain. Journal of Geophysical Research, 105, 9653–9699.
Kieffer, H. H., Christensen, P. R., and Titus, T. N. (2006). CO2 jets formed by sublimation beneath translucent slab ice in Mars' seasonal south polar ice cap. Nature, 442, 793–796.
Klein, H. P. (1977). The Viking biological investigation: general aspects. Journal of Geophysical Research, 82, 4677–4680.
Klein, H. P. (1998). The search for life on Mars: what we learned from Viking. Journal of Geophysical Research, 103, 28 463–28 466.
Kleine, T., Münker, C., Mezger, K., and Palme, H. (2002). Rapid accretion and early core formation on asteroids and the terrestrial planets from Hf–W chronometry. Nature, 418, 952–955.
Kletetschka, G., Connerney, J. E. P., Ness, N. F., and Acuña, M. H. (2004). Pressure effects on martian crustal magnetization near large impact basins. Meteoritics and Planetary Science, 39, 1839–1848.
Klingelhöfer, G., Morris, R. V., Bernhardt, B., et al. (2003). Athena MIMOS II Mössbauer spectrometer investigation. Journal of Geophysical Research, 108, 8067, doi: 10.1029/2003JE002138.
Klingelhöfer, G., Morris, R. V., Bernhardt, B., et al. (2004). Jarosite and hematite at Meridiani Planum from Opportunity's Mössbauer spectrometer. Science, 306, 1740–1745.
Knoll, A. H., Carr, M., Clark, B., et al. (2005). An astrobiological perspective on Meridiani Planum. Earth and Planetary Science Letters, 240, 179–189.
Kokubo, E. and Ida, S. (1998). Oligarchic growth of protoplanets. Icarus, 131, 171–178.
Kokubo, E., Canup, R. M., and Ida, S. (2000). Lunar accretion from an impact-generated disk. In Origin of the Earth and Moon, ed. Canup, R. M. and Righter, K.. Tucson, AZ: University of Arizona Press, pp. 145–163.
Kolb, E. J. and Tanaka, K. L. (2001). Geologic history of the polar regions of Mars based on Mars Global Surveyor data. 2. Amazonian Period. Icarus, 153, 22–39.
Kortenkamp, S. J., Kokubo, E., and Weidenschilling, S. J. (2000). Formation of planetary embryos. In Origin of the Earth and Moon, ed. Canup, R. M. and Righter, K.. Tucson, AZ: University of Arizona Press, pp. 85–100.
Kossacki, K. J., Markiewicz, W. J., and Smith, M. D. (2003). Surface temperature of martian regolith with polygonal features: influence of the subsurface water ice. Planetary and Space Science, 51, 569–580.
Krasnopolsky, V. (2000). On the deuterium abundance on Mars and some related problems. Icarus, 148, 597–602.
Krasnopolsky, V. A. (2006). Some problems related to the origin of methane on Mars. Icarus, 180, 359–367.
Krasnopolsky, V. A., Maillard, J. P., and Owen, T. C. (2004). Detection of methane in the martian atmosphere: evidence for life?Icarus, 172, 537–547.
Krauss, C. E., Horányi, M., and Robertson, S. (2006). Modeling the formation of electrostatic discharges on Mars. Journal of Geophysical Research, 111, E02001, doi: 10.1029/2004JE002313.
Kreslavsky, M. A. and Head, J. W. (2000). Kilometer-scale roughness of Mars' surface: results from MOLA data analysis. Journal of Geophysical Research, 105, 26 695–26 712.
Kress, M. E. and McKay, C. P. (2004). Formation of methane in comet impacts: implications for Earth, Mars, and Titan. Icarus, 168, 475–483.
Kring, D. A. and Cohen, B. A. (2002). Cataclysmic bombardment throughout the inner solar system 3.9–4.0 Ga. Journal of Geophysical Research, 107, 5009, doi: 10.1029/2001JE001529.
Kuiper, G. P., Whitaker, E. A., Strom, R. G., Fountain, J. W., and Larson, S. M. (1967). Consolidated Lunar Atlas. Tucson, AZ: Lunar and Planetary Laboratory, University of Arizona.
Kuzmin, R. O., Zabalueva, E. V., Mitrofanov, I. G., et al. (2004). Regions of potential existence of free water (ice) in the near-surface martian ground: results from the Mars Odyssey High-Energy Neutron Detector (HEND). Solar System Research, 38, 1–11.
Lamb, M. P., Howard, A. D., Johnson, J., et al. (2006). Can springs cut canyons into rock?Journal of Geophysical Research, 111, E07002, doi: 10.1029/2005JE002663.
Lanagan, P. D., McEwen, A. S., Keszthelyi, L. P., and Thordarson, T. (2001). Rootless cones on Mars indicating the presence of shallow equatorial ground ice in recent times. Geophysical Research Letters, 28, 2365–2368.
Langevin, Y., Poulet, F., Bibring, J. -P., and Gondet, B. (2005a). Sulfates in the north polar region of Mars detected by OMEGA/Mars Express. Science, 307, 1584–1586.
Langevin, Y., Poulet, F., Bibring, J. -P., et al. (2005b). Summer evolution of the north polar cap of Mars as observed by OMEGA/Mars Express. Science, 307, 1581–1584.
Langlais, B., Purucker, M. E., and Mandea, M. (2004). Crustal magnetic field of Mars. Journal of Geophysical Research, 109, E02008, doi: 10.1029/2003JE002048.
Laskar, J. and Robutel, P. (1993). The chaotic obliquity of the planets. Nature, 361, 608–612.
Laskar, J., Levrard, B., and Mustard, J. F. (2002). Orbital forcing of the martian polar layered deposits. Nature, 419, 375–377.
Laskar, J., Correia, A. C. M., Gastineau, M., et al. (2004). Long term evolution and chaotic diffusion of the insolation quantities of Mars. Icarus, 170, 343–364.
Lebonnois, S., Quémerais, E., Montmessin, F., et al. (2006). Vertical distribution of ozone on Mars as measured by SPICAM/Mars Express using stellar occultations. Journal of Geophysical Research, 111, E09S05, doi: 10.1029/2005JE002643.
Lee, D. -C. and Halliday, A. N. (1997). Core formation on Mars and differentiated asteroids. Nature, 388, 854–857.
Lemoine, F. G., Smith, D. E., Rowlands, D. D.et al. (2001). An improved solution of the gravity field of Mars (GMM-2B) from Mars Global Surveyor. Journal of Geophysical Research, 106, 23 359–23 376.
Lenardic, A., Nimmo, F. and Moresi, L. (2004). Growth of the hemispheric dichotomy and the cessation of plate tectonics on Mars. Journal of Geophysical Research, 109, E02003, doi: 10.1029/2003JE002172.
Leovy, C. (2001). Weather and climate on Mars. Nature, 412, 245–249.
Leshin, L. A. (2000). Insights into martian water reservoirs from analyses of martian meteorite QUE94201. Geophysical Research Letters, 27, 2017–2020.
Lewis, K. W. and Aharonson, O. (2006). Stratigraphic analysis of the distributary fan in Eberswalde crater using stereo imagery. Journal of Geophysical Research, 111, E06001, doi: 10.1029/2005JE002558.
Lewis, S. R., Collins, M., and Read, P. L. (1997). Data assimilation with a martian atmospheric GCM: an example using thermal data. Advances in Space Research, 19, 1267–1270.
Lillis, R. J., Mitchell, D. L., Lin, R. P., Connerney, J. E. P., and Acuña, M. H. (2004). Mapping crustal magnetic fields at Mars using electron reflectometry. Geophysical Research Letters, 31, L15702, doi: 10.1029/2004GL020189.
Lissauer, J. J., Dones, L., and Ohtsuki, K. (2000). Origin and evolution of terrestrial planet rotation. In Origin of the Earth and Moon, ed. Canup, R. M. and Righter, K.. Tucson, AZ: University of Arizona Press, pp. 101–112.
Lodders, K. (1998). A survey of shergottite, nakhlite, and Chassigny meteorites whole-rock compositions. Meteoritics and Planetary Science, Suppl., 33, A183–A190.
Lognonné, P. (2005). Planetary seismology. Annual Reviews of Earth and Planetary Science, 33, 571–604.
Longhi, J. and Pan, V. (1989). The parent magmas of the SNC meteorites. In Proceedings of the 19th Lunar and Planetary Science Conference. Cambridge, UK: Cambridge University Press, pp. 451–464.
Longhi, J., Knittle, E., Holloway, J. R., and Wänke, H. (1992). The bulk composition, mineralogy, and internal structure of Mars. In Mars, ed. Kieffer, H. H., Jakosky, B. M., Snyder, C. W., and Matthews, M. S.. Tucson, AZ: University of Arizona Press, pp. 184–208.
Lucchitta, B. K. (1984). Ice and debris in the fretted terrain, Mars. Journal of Geophysical Research, 89, B409–B418.
Lucchitta, B. K. (2001). Antarctic ice streams and outflow channels on Mars. Geophysical Research Letters, 28, 403–406.
Lucchitta, B. K., McEwen, A. S., Clow, G. D., et al. (1992). The canyon system of Mars. In Mars, ed. Kieffer, H. H., Jakosky, B. M., Snyder, C. W., and Matthews, M. S.. Tucson, AZ: University of Arizona Press, pp. 453–492.
Lunine, J. I., Chambers, J., Morbidelli, A., and Leshin, L. A. (2003). The origin of water on Mars. Icarus, 165, 1–8.
Lyons, J. R., Manning, C., and Nimmo, F. (2005). Formation of methane on Mars by fluid–rock interaction in the crust. Geophysical Research Letters, 32, L13201, doi: 10.1029/2004GL022161.
Madsen, M. B., Hviid, S. F., Gunnlaugsson, H. P., et al. (1999). The magnetic properties experiments on Mars Pathfinder. Journal of Geophysical Research, 104, 8761–8779.
Malin, M. C. and Carr, M. H. (1999). Groundwater formation of martian valleys. Nature, 397, 589–591.
Malin, M. C. and Edgett, K. S. (1999). Oceans or seas in the martian northern lowlands: high resolution imaging tests of proposed coastlines. Geophysical Research Letters, 26, 3049–3052.
Malin, M. C. and Edgett, K. S. (2000a). Sedimentary rocks of early Mars. Science, 290, 1927–1937.
Malin, M. C. and Edgett, K. S. (2000b). Evidence for recent groundwater seepage and surface runoff on Mars. Science, 288, 2330–2335.
Malin, M. C. and Edgett, K. S. (2001). Mars Global Surveyor Mars Orbiter Camera: interplanetary cruise through primary mission. Journal of Geophysical Research, 106, 23 429–23 570.
Malin, M. C. and Edgett, K. S. (2003). Evidence for persistent flow and aqueous sedimentation on early Mars. Science, 302, 1931–1934.
Malin, M. C., Edgett, K. S., Poslolova, L. V., McColley, S. M., and Dobrea, Noe E. Z. (2006). Present-day impact cratering rate and contemporary gully activity on Mars. Science, 314, 1573–1577.
Mancinelli, R. L., Fahlen, T. F., Landheim, R., and Klovstad, M. R. (2004). Brines and evaporates: analogs for martian life. Advances in Space Research, 33, 1244–1246.
Mangold, N. (2005). High latitude patterned grounds on Mars: classification, distribution and climatic control. Icarus, 174, 336–359.
Mangold, N., Quantin, C., Ansan, V., Delacourt, C., and Allemand, P. (2004a). Evidence for precipitation on Mars from dendritic valleys on the Valles Marineris area. Science, 305, 78–81.
Mangold, N., Maurice, S., Feldman, W. C., Costard, F., and Forget, F. (2004b). Spatial relationships between patterned ground and ground ice detected by the Neutron Spectrometer on Mars. Journal of Geophysical Research, 109, E08001, doi: 10.1029/2004JE002235.
Mangus, S. and Larsen, W. (2004). Lunar Receiving Laboratory Project History, NASA/CR-2004-208938. Washington, DC: NASA.
Mantas, G. P. and Hanson, W. B. (1979). Photoelectron fluxes in the martian ionosphere. Journal of Geophysical Research, 84, 369–385.
Mathew, K. J. and Marti, K. (2001). Early evolution of martian volatiles: nitrogen and noble gas components in ALH84001 and Chassigny. Journal of Geophysical Research, 106, 1401–1422.
Max, M. D. and Clifford, S. M. (2000). The state, potential distribution, and biological implications of methane in the martian crust. Journal of Geophysical Research, 105, 4165–4171.
Max, M. D. and Clifford, S. M. (2001). Initiation of martian outflow channels: related to the dissociation of gas hydrate?Geophysical Research Letters, 28, 1787–1790.
McEwen, A. S. and Bierhaus, E. B. (2006). The importance of secondary cratering to age constraints on planetary surfaces. Annual Reviews of Earth and Planetary Science, 34, 535–567.
McEwen, A. S., Malin, M. C., Carr, M. H., and Hartmann, W. K. (1999). Voluminous volcanism on early Mars revealed in Valles Marineris. Nature, 397, 584–586.
McEwen, A. S., Preblich, B. S., Turtle, E. P., et al. (2005). The rayed crater Zunil and interpretations of small impact craters on Mars. Icarus, 176, 351–381.
McGill, G. E. (2000). Crustal history of north central Arabia Terra, Mars. Journal of Geophysical Research, 105, 6945–6959.
McGill, G. E. and Hills, L. S. (1992). Origin of giant martian polygons. Journal of Geophysical Research, 97, 2633–2647.
McGovern, P. J., Solomon, S. C., Head, J. W., et al. (2001). Extension and uplift at Alba Patera, Mars: insights from MOLA observations and loading models. Journal of Geophysical Research, 106, 23 769–23 809.
McGovern, P. J., Solomon, S. C., Smith, D. E., et al. (2002). Localized gravity/topography admittance and correlation spectra on Mars: implications for regional and global evolution. Journal of Geophysical Research, 107, 5136, doi: 10.1029/2002JE001854.
McGovern, P. J., Solomon, S. C., Smith, D. E., et al. (2004a). Correction to “Localized gravity/topography admittance and correlation spectra on Mars: implications for regional and global evolution.” Journal of Geophysical Research, 109, E07007, doi: 10.1029/2004JE00286.
McGovern, P. J., Smith, J. R., Morgan, J. K., and Bulmer, M. H. (2004b). Olympus Mons aureole deposits: new evidence for a flank failure origin. Journal of Geophysical Research, 109, E08008, doi: 10.1029/2004JE002258.
McKay, D. S., Gibson, E. K., Thomas-Keprta, K. L., et al. (1996). Search for past life on Mars: possible relic biogenic activity in martian meteorite ALH84001. Science, 273, 924–930.
McSween, H. Y. (2002). The rocks of Mars, from far and near. Meteoritics and Planetary Science, 37, 7–25.
McSween, H. Y. and Harvey, R. P. (1993). Outgassed water on Mars: constraints from melt inclusions in SNC meteorites. Science, 259, 1890–1892.
McSween, H. Y., Murchie, S. L., Crisp, J. A., et al. (1999). Chemical, multispectral, and textural constraints on the composition and origin of rocks at the Mars Pathfinder landing site. Journal of Geophysical Research, 104, 8679–8715.
McSween, H. Y., Grove, T. L., Lentz, R. C. F., et al. (2001). Geochemical evidence for magmatic water within Mars from pyroxenes in the Shergotty meteorite. Nature, 409, 487–490.
McSween, H. Y., Grove, T. L., and Wyatt, M. B. (2003). Constraints on the composition and petrogenesis of the martian crust. Journal of Geophysical Research, 108, 5135, doi: 10.1029/2003JE002175.
McSween, H. Y., Arvidson, R. E., Bell, J. F., et al. (2004). Basaltic rocks analyzed by the Spirit rover in Gusev Crater. Science, 305, 842–845.
McSween, H. Y., Wyatt, M. B., Gellert, R., et al. (2006). Characterization and petrologic interpretation of olivine-rich basalts at Gusev Crater, Mars. Journal of Geophysical Research, 111, E02S10, doi: 10.1029/2005JE002477.
Mège, D. and Masson, P. (1996). Amounts of crustal stretching in Valles Marineris, Mars. Planetary and Space Science, 44, 749–782.
Meier, R., Owen, T. C., Matthews, H. E., et al. (1998). A determination of the HDO/H2O ratio in Comet C/1995 O1 (Hale-Bopp). Science, 279, 842–844.
Mellon, M. T. and Jakosky, B. M. (1993). Geographic variations in the thermal and diffusive stability of ground ice on Mars. Journal of Geophysical Research, 98, 3345–3364.
Mellon, M. T. and Jakosky, B. M. (1995). The distribution and behavior of martian ground ice during past and present epochs. Journal of Geophysical Research, 100, 11 781–11 799.
Mellon, M. T., Jakosky, B. M., and Postawko, S. E. (1997). The persistence of equatorial ground ice on Mars. Journal of Geophysical Research, 102, 19 357–19 369.
Mellon, M. T., Jakosky, B. M., Kieffer, H. H., and Christensen, P. R. (2000). High-resolution thermal inertia mapping from the Mars Global Surveyor Thermal Emission Spectrometer. Icarus, 148, 437–455.
Mellon, M. T., Feldman, W. C., and Prettyman, T. H. (2004). The presence and stability of ground ice in the southern hemisphere of Mars. Icarus, 169, 324–340.
Melosh, H. J. (1984). Impact ejection, spallation, and the origin of meteorites. Icarus, 59, 234–260.
Melosh, H. J. (1989). Impact Cratering: A Geologic Process. New York: Oxford University Press.
Melosh, H. J. and Vickery, A. M. (1989). Impact erosion of the primordial atmosphere of Mars. Nature, 338, 487–489.
Milkovich, S. M., Head, J. W., and Pratt, S. (2002). Meltback of Hesperian-aged ice-rich deposits near the south pole of Mars: evidence for drainage channels and lakes. Journal of Geophysical Research, 107, 5043, doi: 10.1029/2001JE001802.
Ming, D. W., Mittlefehldt, D. W., Morris, R. V., et al. (2006). Geochemical and mineralogical indicators for aqueous processes in Columbia Hills of Gusev crater, Mars. Journal of Geophysical Research, 111, E02S12, doi: 10.1029/2005JE002560.
Mischna, M. A., Richardson, M. I., Wilson, R. J., and McCleese, D. J. (2003). On the orbital forcing of martian water and CO2 cycles: a general circulation model study with simplified volatile schemes. Journal of Geophysical Research, 108, 5062, doi: 10.1029/2003JE002051.
Mitrofanov, I., Anfimov, D., Kozyrev, A., et al. (2002). Maps of subsurface hydrogen from the high energy neutron detector, Mars Odyssey. Science, 297, 78–81.
Mittlefehldt, D. W. (1994). ALH84001, a cumulate orthopyroxenite member of the martian meteorite clan. Meteoritics, 29, 214–221.
Montési, L. G. J. and Zuber, M. T. (2003). Clues to the lithospheric structure of Mars from wrinkle ridge sets and localization instability. Journal of Geophysical Research, 108, 5048, doi: 10.1029/2002JE001974.
Moore, H. J. and Jakosky, B. M. (1989). Viking landing sites, remote-sensing observations, and physical properties of martian surface materials. Icarus, 81, 164–184.
Moore, H. J., Bickler, D. B., Crisp, J. A., et al. (1999). Soil-like deposits observed by Sojourner, the Pathfinder rover. Journal of Geophysical Research, 104, 8729–8746.
Moore, J. M. and Howard, A. D. (2005). Large alluvial fans on Mars. Journal of Geophysical Research, 110, E04005, doi: 10.1029/2004JE002352.
Morbidelli, A., Chambers, J., Lunine, J. L., et al. (2000). Source regions and time scales for the delivery of water to Earth. Meteoritics, 35, 1309–1320.
Morris, R. V., Golden, D. C., Bell, J. F., et al. (2000). Mineralogy, composition, and alteration of Mars Pathfinder rocks and soils: evidence from multispectral, elemental, and magnetic data on terrestrial analogue, SNC meteorite, and Pathfinder samples. Journal of Geophysical Research, 105, 1757–1817.
Morris, R. V., Klingelhöfer, G., Bernhardt, B., et al. (2004). Mineralogy at Gusev Crater from the Mössbauer spectrometer on the Spirit rover. Science, 305, 833–836.
Morris, R. V., Ming, D. W., Graff, T. G., et al. (2005). Hematite spherules in basaltic tephra altered under aqueous, acid-sulfate conditions on Mauna Kea volcano, Hawaii: possible clues for the occurrence of hematite-rich spherules in the Burns formation at Meridiani Planum, Mars. Earth and Planetary Science Letters, 240, 168–178.
Morris, R. V., Klingelhöfer, G., Schröder, C., et al. (2006). Mössbauer mineralogy of rock, soil, and dust at Gusev Crater, Mars: Spirit's journey through weakly altered olivine basalt on the plains and pervasively altered basalt in the Columbia Hills. Journal of Geophysical Research, 111, E02S13, doi: 10.1029/2005JE002584.
Mouginis-Mark, P. J. and Christensen, P. R. (2005). New observations of volcanic features on Mars from the THEMIS instrument. Journal of Geophysical Research, 110, E08007, doi: 10.1029/2005JE002421.
Mouginis-Mark, P. and Yoshioka, M. T. (1998). The long lava flows of Elysium Planitia, Mars. Journal of Geophysical Research, 103, 19 389–19 400.
Mouginis-Mark, P. J., Wilson, L., and Head, J. W. (1982). Explosive volcanism on Hecates Tholus, Mars: investigation of eruption conditions. Journal of Geophysical Research, 87, 9890–9904.
Mouginis-Mark, P. J., Wilson, L., and Zimbelman, J. R. (1988). Polygenic eruptions on Alba Patera, Mars: evidence of channel erosion on pyroclastic flows. Bulletin of Volcanology, 50, 361–379.
Mouginis-Mark, P. J., McCoy, T. J., Taylor, G. J., and Keil, K. (1992a). Martian parent craters for the SNC meteorites. Journal of Geophysical Research, 97, 10 213–10 225.
Mouginis-Mark, P. J., Wilson, L., and Zuber, M. T. (1992b). The physical volcanology of Mars. In Mars, ed. Kieffer, H. H., Jakosky, B. M., Snyder, C. W., and Matthews, M. S.. Tucson, AZ: University of Arizona Press, pp. 424–452.
Muhleman, D. O., Grossman, A. W., and Butler, B. J. (1995). Radar investigation of Mars, Mercury, and Titan. Annual Reviews of Earth and Planetary Science, 23, 337–374.
Murchie, S. and Erard, S. (1996). Spectral properties and heterogeneity of Phobos from measurements by Phobos 2. Icarus, 123, 63–86.
Murphy, J. R., Leovy, C. B., and Tillman, J. E. (1990). Observations of martian surface winds at the Viking Lander 1 site. Journal of Geophysical Research, 95, 14 555–14 576.
Murphy, J. R., Pollack, J. B., Haberle, R. M., et al., (1995). 3-dimensional numerical simulations of martian global dust storms. Journal of Geophysical Research, 100, 26 357–26 376.
Murray, B., Koutnik, M., Byrne, S., et al. (2001). Preliminary geological assessment of the northern edge of Ultimi Lobe, Mars south polar layered deposits. Icarus, 154, 80–97.
Murray, J. B., Muller, J. -P., Neukum, G., et al. (2005). Evidence from the Mars Express High Resolution Stereo Camera for a frozen sea close to Mars' equator. Nature, 434, 352–356.
Musselwhite, D. S., Swindle, T. D., and Lunine, J. I. (2001). Liquid CO2 breakout and the formation of recent small gullies on Mars. Geophysical Research Letters, 28, 1283–1285.
Mustard, J. F. and Cooper, C. D. (2005). Joint analysis of ISM and TES spectra: the utility of multiple wavelength regimes for martian surface studies. Journal of Geophysical Research, 110, E05012, doi: 10.1029/2004JE002355.
Mustard, J. F., Cooper, C. D., and Rifkin, M. K. (2001). Evidence for recent climate change on Mars from the identification of youthful near-surface ground ice. Nature, 412, 411–414.
Mustard, J. F., Poulet, F., Gendrin, A., et al. (2005). Olivine and pyroxene diversity in the crust of Mars. Science, 307, 1594–1597.
Mutch, T. A., Arvidson, R. E., Head, J. W., Jones, K. L., and Saunders, R. S. (1976). The Geology of Mars. Princeton, NJ: Princeton University Press.
Neukum, G., Jaumann, R., Hoffmann, H., et al. (2004). Recent and episodic volcanic and glacial activity on Mars revealed by the High Resolution Stereo Camera. Nature, 432, 971–979.
Neumann, G. A., Zuber, M. T., Wieczorek, M. A.et al. (2004). Crustal structure of Mars from gravity and topography. Journal of Geophysical Research, 109, E08002, doi: 10.1029/2004JE002262.
Newman, C. E., Lewis, S. R., Read, P. L., and Forget, F. (2002a). Modeling the martian dust cycle. 1. Representations of dust transport processes. Journal of Geophysical Research, 107, 5123, doi: 10.1029/2002JE001910.
Newman, C. E., Lewis, S. R., Read, P. L., and Forget, F. (2002b). Modeling the martian dust cycle. 2. Multiannual radiatively active dust transport simulations. Journal of Geophysical Research, 107, 5124, doi: 10.1029/2002JE001920.
Newman, M. J. and Rood, R. T. (1977). Implications of solar evolution for the Earth's early atmosphere. Science, 198, 1035–1037.
Newsom, H. E., Hagerty, J. J., and Thorsos, I. E. (2001). Location and sampling of aqueous and hydrothermal deposits in martian impact craters. Astrobiology, 1, 71–88.
Nimmo, F. (2000). Dike intrusion as a possible cause of linear martian magnetic anomalies. Geology, 28, 391–394.
Nimmo, F. and Stevenson, D. J. (2000). Influence of early plate tectonics on the thermal evolution and magnetic field of Mars. Journal of Geophysical Research, 105, 11 969–11 980.
Dobrea, Noe E. Z., Bell, J. F., Wolff, M. J., and Gordon, K. D. (2003). H2O- and OH-bearing minerals in the martian regolith: analysis of 1997 observations from HST/NICMOS. Icarus, 166, 1–20.
Norman, M. D. (1999). The composition and thickness of the crust of Mars estimated from REE and Nd isotopic compositions of martian meteorites. Meteoritics and Planetary Science, 34, 439–449.
Norman, M. D. (2002). Thickness and composition of the martian crust revisited: implications of an ultradepleted mantle with a Nd isotopic composition like that of QUE94201. Lunar and Planetary Science XXXIII, Abstract #1157 (CD-ROM). Houston, TX: Lunar and Planetary Institute.
Novak, R. E., Mumma, M. J., DiSanti, M. A., Russo, Dello N., and Magee-Sauer, K. (2002). Mapping of ozone and water in the atmosphere of Mars near the 1997 aphelion. Icarus, 158, 14–23.
Nye, J. F., Durham, W. B., Schenk, P. M., and Moore, J. M. (2000). The instability of a south polar cap on Mars composed of carbon dioxide. Icarus, 144, 449–455.
Nyquist, L. E., Bogard, D. D., Shih, C. -Y., et al. (2001). Ages and geologic histories of martian meteorites. Space Science Reviews, 96, 105–164.
Owen, T. and Bar-Nun, A. (1995). Comets, impacts, and atmospheres. Icarus, 116, 215–226.
Owen, T., Maillard, J. P., deBergh, C., and Lutz, B. L. (1988). Deuterium on Mars: the abundance of HDO and the value of D/H. Science, 240, 1767–1770.
Paige, D. A. (1992). The thermal stability of near-surface ground ice on Mars. Nature, 356, 43–45.
Paige, D. A. and Keegan, K. D. (1994). Thermal and albedo mapping of the polar regions of Mars using Viking thermal mapper observations. 2. South polar region. Journal of Geophysical Research, 99, 25 993–26 013.
Paige, D. A., Bachman, J. E., and Keegan, K. D. (1994). Thermal and albedo mapping of the polar regions of Mars using Viking thermal mapper observations. 1. North polar region. Journal of Geophysical Research, 99, 25 959–25 991.
Parker, T. J., Saunders, R. S., and Schneeberger, D. M. (1989). Transitional morphology in west Deuteronilus Mensae, Mars: implications for modification of the lowland/upland boundary. Icarus, 82, 111–145.
Parker, T. J., Gorsline, D. S., Saunders, R. S., Pieri, D. C., and Schneeberger, D. M. (1993). Coastal geomorphology of the martian northern plains. Journal of Geophysical Research, 98, 11 061–11 078.
Pathare, A. V., Paige, D. A., and Turtle, E. (2005). Viscous relaxation of craters within the martian south polar layered deposits. Icarus, 174, 396–418.
Pelkey, S. M., Jakosky, B. M., and Mellon, M. T. (2001). Thermal inertia of crater-related wind streaks on Mars. Journal of Geophysical Research, 106, 23 909–23 920.
Pepin, R. O. (1991). On the origin and early evolution of terrestrial planet atmospheres and meteoritic volatiles. Icarus, 92, 2–79.
Perrier, S., Bertaux, J. L., Lefèvre, F., et al. (2006). Global distribution of total ozone on Mars from SPICAM/MEX UV measurements. Journal of Geophysical Research, 111, E09S06, doi: 10.1029/2006JE002681.
Perron, J. T., Dietrich, W. E., Howard, A. D., McKean, J. A., and Pettinga, J. R. (2003). Ice-driven creep on martian debris slopes. Geophysical Research Letters, 30, 1747, doi: 10.1029/2003GL017603.
Petit, J. -M., Morbidelli, A., and Chambers, J. (2001). The primordial excitation and clearing of the asteroid belt. Icarus, 153, 338–347.
Phillips, R. J. (1991). Expected rate of Marsquakes. In Scientific Rationale and Requirements for a Global Seismic Network on Mars, Technical Report 91–02. Houston, TX: Lunar and Planetary Institute, pp. 35–38.
Phillips, R. J., Zuber, M. T., Solomon, S. C., et al. (2001). Ancient geodynamics and global-scale hydrology on Mars. Science, 291, 2587–2591.
Picardi, G., Plaut, J. J., Biccari, D., et al. (2005). Radar soundings of the subsurface of Mars. Science, 310, 1925–1928.
Pierazzo, E., Artemieva, N. A., and Ivanov, B. A. (2005). Starting conditions for hydrothermal systems underneath martian craters: Hydrocode modeling. In Large Meteorite Impacts III, Special Paper No. 384, ed. Kenkmann, T., Hörz, F., and Deutsch, A.. Boulder, CO: Geological Society of America, pp. 443–457.
Plescia, J. B. (1990). Recent flood lavas in the Elysium region of Mars. Icarus, 88, 465–490.
Plescia, J. B. (1994). Geology of the small Tharsis volcanoes: Jovis Tholus, Ulysses Patera, Biblis Patera, Mars. Icarus, 111, 246–269.
Plescia, J. B. (2000). Geology of the Uranius group volcanic constructs: Uranius Patera, Ceranunius Tholus, and Uranius Tholus. Icarus, 143, 378–396.
Plescia, J. B. (2003). Cerberus Fossae, Elysium, Mars: a source for lava and water. Icarus, 164, 79–95.
Pollack, J. B., Burns, J. A., and Tauber, M. E. (1979). Gas drag in primordial circumplanetary envelopes: a mechanism for satellite capture. Icarus, 37, 587–611.
Pollack, J. B., Kasting, J. F., Richardson, S. M. and Poliakoff, K. (1987). The case for a warm wet climate on early Mars. Icarus, 71, 203–224.
Pollack, J. B., Haberle, R. M., Schaeffer, J., and Lee, H. (1990). Simulations of the general circulation of the martian atmosphere. 1. Polar processes. Journal of Geophysical Research, 95, 1447–1473.
Pollack, J. B., Haberle, R. M., Murphy, J. R., Schaeffer, H., and Lee, H. (1993). Simulations of the general circulation of the martian atmosphere. 2. Seasonal pressure variations. Journal of Geophysical Research, 98, 3149–3181.
Poulet, F., Bibring, J. -P., Mustard, J. F., et al. (2005). Phyllosilicates on Mars and implications for early martian climate. Nature, 438, 623–627.
Pruis, M. J. and Tanaka, K. L. (1995). The martian northern plains did not result from plate tectonics. In Lunar and Planetary Science XXVI. Houston, TX: Lunar and Planetary Institute, pp. 1147–1148.
Putzig, N. E., Mellon, M. T., Kretke, K. A., and Arvidson, R. E. (2005). Global thermal inertia and surface properties of Mars from the MGS mapping mission. Icarus, 173, 325–341.
Quantin, C., Allemand, P., Mangold, N., and Delacourt, C. (2004). Ages of Valles Marineris (Mars) landslides and implications for canyon history. Icarus, 172, 555–572.
Race, M. S. (1996). Planetary protection, legal ambiguity and the decision making process for Mars sample return. Advances in Space Research, 18, 345–350.
Rafkin, S. C. R., Haberle, R. M. and Michaels, T. I. (2001). The Mars Regional Atmospheric Modeling System: model description and selected simulations. Icarus, 151, 228–256.
Read, P. L. and Lewis, S. R. (2004). The Martian Climate Revisited. Chichester, UK: Praxis Publishing.
Reid, I. N., Sparks, W. B., Lubow, S., et al. (2006). Terrestrial models for extraterrestrial life: methanogens and halophiles at martian temperatures. International Journal of Astrobiology, 5, 89–97.
Richardson, M. I. and Mischna, M. A. (2005). Long-term evolution of transient liquid water on Mars. Journal of Geophysical Research, 110, E03003, doi: 10.1029/2004JE002367.
Richardson, M. I. and Wilson, R. J. (2002). Investigation of the nature and stability of the martian seasonal water cycle with a general circulation model. Journal of Geophysical Research, 107, 5031, doi: 10.1029/2001JE001536.
Richardson, M. I., Wilson, R. J., and Rodin, V. (2002). Water ice clouds in the martian atmosphere: general circulation model experiments with a simple cloud scheme. Journal of Geophysical Research, 107, 5064, doi: 10.1029/2001JE001804.
Rieder, R., Wänke, H., Economou, T., and Turkevich, A. (1997a). Determination of the chemical composition of martian soil and rocks: the alpha proton X-ray spectrometer. Journal of Geophysical Research, 102, 4027–4044.
Rieder, R., Economou, T., Wänke, H., et al. (1997b). The chemical composition of martian soil and rocks returned by the mobile alpha proton X-ray spectrometer: preliminary results from the X-ray mode. Science, 278, 1771–1774.
Rieder, R., Gellert, R., Brückner, J., et al. (2003). The new Athena alpha particle X-ray spectrometer for the Mars Exploration Rovers. Journal of Geophysical Research, 108, 8066, doi: 10.1029/2003JE002150.
Rieder, R., Gellert, R., Anderson, R. C., et al. (2004). Chemistry of rocks and soils at Meridiani Planum from the alpha particle X-ray spectrometer. Science, 306, 1746–1749.
Righter, K., Hervig, R. J., and Kring, D. A. (1998). Accretion and core formation on Mars: molybdenum contents of melt inclusion glasses in three SNC meteorites. Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta, 62, 2167–2177.
Rivkin, A. S., Binzel, R. P., Howell, E. S., Bus, S. J., and Grier, J. A. (2003). Spectroscopy and photometry of Mars Trojans. Icarus, 165, 349–354.
Robert, F. (2001). The origin of water on Earth. Science, 293, 1056–1058.
Robert, F., Gautier, D., and Dubrulle, B. (2000). The solar system D/H ratio: observations and theories. Space Science Reviews, 92, 201–224.
Robinson, M. S., Mouginis-Mark, P. J., Zimbelman, J. R., et al. (1993). Chronology, eruption duration, and atmospheric contribution of the martian volcano Apollinaris Patera. Icarus, 104, 301–323.
Rochette, P., Fillion, G., Ballou, R., et al. (2003). High pressure magnetic transition in pyrrhotite and impact demagnetization on Mars. Geophysical Research Letters, 30, 1683, doi: 10.1029/2003GL017359.
Roddy, D. J., Pepin, R. O., and Merrill, R. B. (1977). Impact and Explosion Cratering: Planetary and Terrestrial Implications. New York: Pergamon Press.
Romanek, C. S., Grady, M. M., Wright, I. P., et al. (1994). Record of fluid–rock interactions on Mars from the meteorite ALH84001. Nature, 37, 655–657.
Rubie, D. C., Melosh, H. J., Reid, J. E., Liebske, C., and Righter, K. (2003). Mechanisms of metal–silicate equilibrium in the terrestrial magma ocean. Earth and Planetary Science Letters, 205, 239–255.
Rummel, J. D. and Meyer, M. A. (1996). A consensus approach to planetary protection requirements: recommendations for Mars Lander Missions. Advances in Space Research, 18, 317–321.
Rummel, J. D., Stabekis, P. D., DeVincenzi, D. L., and Barengoltz, J. B. (2002). COSPAR's planetary protection policy: a consolidated draft. Advances in Space Research, 30, 1567–1571.
Ryan, S., Dlugokencky, E. J., Tans, P. P., and Trudeau, M. E. (2006). Mauna Loa volcano is not a methane source: implications for Mars. Geophysical Research Letters, 33, L12301, doi: 10.1029/2006GL026223.
Sagan, C. and Chyba, C. (1997). The early faint sun paradox: organic shielding of ultraviolet-labile greenhouse gases. Science, 276, 1217–1221.
Schaber, G. G. (1982). Syrtis Major: a low-relief volcanic shield. Journal of Geophysical Research, 87, 9852–9866.
Schneeberget, D. M. and Pieri, D. C. (1991). Geomorphology and stratigraphy of Alba Patera, Mars. Journal of Geophysical Research, 98, 1907–1930.
Schofield, J. T., Barnes, J. R., Crisp, D.et al. (1997). The Mars Pathfinder Atmospheric Structure Investigation/Meteorology (ASI/MET) experiment. Science, 278, 1752–1758.
Scholl, H., Marzari, F., and Tricarico, P. (2005). Dynamics of Mars Trojans. Icarus, 175, 397–408.
Schorghofer, N. and Aharonson, O. (2005). Stability and exchange of subsurface ice on Mars. Journal of Geophysical Research, 110, E05003, doi: 10.1029/2004JE002350.
Schubert, G., Russell, C. T., and Moore, W. B. (2000). Timing of the martian dynamo. Nature, 408, 666–667.
Schuerger, A. C., Richards, J. T., Newcombe, D. A., and Venkateswaran, K. (2006). Rapid inactivation of seven Bacillus spp. under simulated Mars UV irradiation. Icarus, 181, 52–62.
Schultz, P. H. (1992). Atmospheric effects on ejecta emplacement. Journal of Geophysical Research, 97, 11 623–11 662.
Schultz, P. H. and Lutz-Garihan, A. B. (1982). Grazing impacts on Mars: a record on lost satellites. Journal of Geophysical Research, 87, A84–A96.
Schultz, R. A. (1998). Multiple-process origin of Valles Marineris basins and troughs, Mars. Planetary and Space Science, 46, 827–834.
Schultz, R. A. (2000). Localization of bedding plane slip and backthrust faults above blind thrust faults: keys to wrinkle ridge structure. Journal of Geophysical Research, 105, 12 035–12 052.
Scott, D. H. and Tanaka, K. L. (1982). Ignimbrites of Amazonis Planitia region of Mars. Journal of Geophysical Research, 87, 1179–1190.
Scott, E. R. D. (1999). Origin of carbonate–magnetite–sulfide assemblages in martian meteorite ALH84001. Journal of Geophysical Research, 104, 3803–3813.
Scott, E. R. D. and Fuller, M. (2004). A possible source for the martian crustal magnetic field. Earth and Planetary Science Letters, 220, 83–90.
Sears, D. W. G. and Kral, T. A. (1998). Martian “microfossils” in lunar meteorites?Meteoritics and Planetary Science, 33, 791–794.
Segura, T. L., Toon, O. B., Colaprete, A., and Zahnle, K. (2002). Environmental effects of large impacts on Mars. Science, 298, 1977–1980.
Seu, R., Biccari, D., Orosei, R., et al. (2004). SHARAD: the MRO 2005 shallow radar. Planetary and Space Science, 52, 157–166.
Shih, C.-Y., Nyquist, L. E., Bogard, D. D., et al. (1982). Chronology and petrogenesis of young achondrites, Shergotty, Zagami, and ALH77005: late magmatism on a geologically active planet. Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta, 46, 2323–2344.
Shih, C.-Y., Nyquist, L. E., and Wiesmann, H. (1999). Samarium–neodymium and rubidium–strontium systematics of nakhlite Governador Valadares. Meteoritics, 34, 647–655.
Shoemaker, E. M. (1963). Impact mechanics at Meteor Crater, Arizona. In The Moon, Meteorites, and Comets, ed. Middlehurst, B. M. and Kuiper, G. P.. Chicago, IL: University of Chicago Press, pp. 301–336.
Shoemaker, E. M. and Chao, E. C. T. (1962). New evidence for the impact origin of the Ries Basin, Bavaria, Germany. Journal of Geophysical Research, 66, 3371–3378
Siebert, N. M. and Kargel, J. S. (2001). Small-scale martian polygonal terrain: implications for liquid surface water. Geophysical Research Letters, 28, 899–902.
Simonelli, D. P., Wisz, M., Switala, A., et al. (1998). Photometric properties of Phobos surface materials from Viking images. Icarus, 131, 52–77.
Simpson, R. A., Harmon, J. K., Zisk, S. H., Thompson, T. W., and Muhleman, D. O. (1992). Radar determinations of Mars surface properties. In Mars, ed. Kieffer, H. H., Jakosky, B. M., Snyder, C. W., and Matthews, M. S.. Tucson, AZ: University of Arizona Press, pp. 652–685.
Singer, R. B. (1985). Spectroscopic observation of Mars. Advances in Space Research, 5, 59–68.
Sizemore, H. G. and Mellon, M. T. (2006). Effects of soil heterogeneity on martian ground-ice stability and orbital estimates of ice table depth. Icarus, 185, 358–369.
Sleep, N. H. (1994). Martian plate tectonics. Journal of Geophysical Research, 99, 5639–5655.
Smith, D. E., Zuber, M. T., Solomon, S. C., et al. (1999). The global topography of Mars and implications for surface evolution. Science, 284, 1495–1503.
Smith, D. E., Zuber, M. T., Frey, H. V., et al. (2001a). Mars Orbiter Laser Altimeter: experiment summary after the first year of global mapping of Mars. Journal of Geophysical Research, 106, 23 689–23 722.
Smith, D. E., Zuber, M. T., and Neumann, G. A. (2001b). Seasonal variations of snow depth on Mars. Science, 294, 2141–2146.
Smith, M. D., Pearl, J. C., Conrath, B. J., and Christensen, P. R. (2000). Mars Global Surveyor Thermal Emission Spectrometer (TES) observations of dust opacity during aerobraking and science phasing. Journal of Geophysical Research, 105, 9539–9552.
Smith, P. H. and the Phoenix Science Team (2004). The Phoenix mission to Mars. In Lunar and Planetary Science XXXV, Abstract #2050. Houston, TX: Lunar and Planetary Institute.
Smith, P. H., Bell, J. F., Bridges, N. T., et al. (1997). Results from the Mars Pathfinder Camera. Science, 278, 1758–1765.
Hale, Snyder A., Bass, D. S., and Tamppari, L. K. (2005). Monitoring the perennial martian northern polar cap with MGS MOC. Icarus, 174, 502–512.
Soare, R. J., Burr, D. M., and Tseung, J. M. W. B. (2005). Possible pingos and a periglacial landscape in northwest Utopia Planitia. Icarus, 174, 373–382.
Soderblom, L. A. (1992). The composition and mineralogy of the martian surface from spectroscopic observations: 0.3 μm to 50 μm. In Mars, ed. Kieffer, H. H., Jakosky, B. M., Snyder, C. W., and Matthews, M. S.. Tucson, AZ: University of Arizona Press, pp. 557–593.
Soderblom, L. A., Anderson, R. C., Arvidson, R. E., et al. (2004). Soils of Eagle Crater and Meridiani Planum at the Opportunity rover landing site. Science, 306, 1723–1726.
Soffen, G. A. (1977). The Viking Project. Journal of Geophysical Research, 82, 3959–3970.
Sohl, F. and Spohn, T. (1997). The structure of Mars: implications from SNC meteorites. Journal of Geophysical Research, 102, 1613–1635.
Solomatov, V. S. (2000). Fluid dynamics of a terrestrial magma ocean. In Origin of the Earth and Moon, ed. Canup, R. M. and Righter, K.. Tucson, AZ: University of Arizona Press, pp. 323–338.
Solomon, S. C. (1979). Formation, history, and energetics of cores in the terrestrial planets. Earth and Planetary Science Letters, 19, 168–182.
Solomon, S. C. and Head, J. W. (1981). The importance of heterogenous lithospheric thickness and volcanic construction. Journal of Geophysical Research, 82, 9755–9774.
Solomon, S. C., Aharonson, O., Aurnou, J. M., et al. (2005). New perspectives on ancient Mars. Science, 307, 1214–1220.
Soukhovitskaya, V. and Manga, M. (2006). Martian landslides in Valles Marineris: wet or dry?Icarus, 180, 348–352.
Space Studies Board (1977). Post-Viking Biological Investigations of Mars. Washington, DC: National Academy of Sciences.
Sprenke, K. F. and Baker, L. L. (2000). Magnetization, paleomagnetic poles, and polar wander on Mars. Icarus, 147, 26–34.
Squyres, S. W. and Carr, M. H. (1986). Geomorphic evidence for the distribution of ground ice on Mars. Science, 231, 249–252.
Squyres, S. W. and Kasting, J. F. (1994). Early Mars: how warm and how wet?Science, 265, 744–749.
Squyres, S. W., Arvidson, R. E., Bell, J. F., et al. (2004a). The Spirit rover's Athena science investigation at Gusev Crater, Mars. Science, 305, 794–799.
Squyres, S. W., Arvidson, R. E., Bell, J. F., et al. (2004b). The Opportunity rover's Athena science investigation at Meridiani Planum, Mars. Science, 306, 1698–1703.
Squyres, S. W., Grotzinger, J. P., Arvidson, R. E., et al. (2004c). In situ evidence for an ancient aqueous environment at Meridiani Planum, Mars. Science, 306, 1709–1714.
Squyres, S. W., Arvidson, R. E., Blaney, D. L., et al. (2006). Rocks of the Columbia Hills. Journal of Geophysical Research, 111, E02S11, doi: 10.1029/2005JE002562.
Stevenson, D. J. (2001). Mars' core and magnetism. Nature, 412, 214–219.
Stevenson, D. J. (2003). Planetary magnetic fields. Earth and Planetary Science Letters, 208, 1–11.
Stewart, S. T. and Nimmo, F. (2002). Surface runoff features on Mars: testing the carbon dioxide formation hypothesis. Journal of Geophysical Research, 107, 5069, doi: 10.1029/2000JE001465.
Stewart, S. T., O'Keefe, J. D., and Ahrens, T. J. (2001). The relationship between rampart crater morphologies and the amount of subsurface ice. In Lunar and Planetary Science XXXII, Abstract #2092. Houston, TX: Lunar and Planetary Institute.
Stöffler, D. and Ryder, G. (2001). Stratigraphy and isotope ages of lunar geologic units: chronological standard for the inner solar system. Space Science Reviews, 96, 9–54.
Strom, R. G., Croft, S. K., and Barlow, N. G. (1992). The martian impact cratering record. In Mars, ed. Kieffer, H. H., Jakosky, B. M., Snyder, C. W., and Matthews, M. S.. Tucson, AZ: University of Arizona Press, pp. 383–423.
Strom, R. G., Malhotra, R., Ito, T., Yoshida, F., and Kring, D. A. (2005). The origin of planetary impactors in the inner solar system. Science, 309, 1847–1850.
Sullivan, R., Thomas, P., Veverka, J., Malin, M., and Edgett, K. S. (2001). Mass movement slope streaks imaged by the Mars Orbiter Camera. Journal of Geophysical Research, 106, 23 607–23 633.
Sullivan, R., Bandfield, D., Bell, J. F., et al. (2005). Aeolian processes at the Mars Exploration Rover Meridiani Planum landing site. Nature, 436, 58–61.
Swindle, T. D. and Jones, J. H. (1997). The xenon isotopic composition of the primordial martian atmosphere: contributions from solar and fission components. Journal of Geophysical Research, 102, 1671–1678.
Tabuchnik, K. S. and Evans, N. W. (1999). Cartography for martian Trojans. Astrophysical Journal, 517, L63–L66.
Tanaka, K. L. and Kolb, E. J. (2001). Geologic history of the polar regions of Mars based on Mars Global Surveyor Data. 1. Noachian and Hesperian periods. Icarus, 154, 3–21.
Tanaka, K. L., Scott, D. H., and Greeley, R. (1992). Global stratigraphy. In Mars, ed. Kieffer, H. H., Jakosky, B. M., Snyder, C. W., and Matthews, M. S.. Tucson, AZ: University of Arizona Press, pp. 345–382.
Taylor, G. J., Martel, L. M. V., and Boynton, W. V. (2006). Mapping Mars geochemically. In Lunar and Planetary Science XXXVII, Abstract #1981. Houston, TX: Lunar and Planetary Institute.
Tera, F., Papanastassiou, D. A., and Wasserburg, G. J. (1974). Isotopic evidence for a terminal lunar cataclysm. Earth and Planetary Science Letters, 22, 1–21.
Terasaki, H., Frost, D. J., Rubie, D. C., and Langenhorst, F. (2005). The effect of oxygen and sulphur on the dihedral angle between Fe-O-S melt and silicate minerals at high pressure: implications for martian core formation. Earth and Planetary Science Letters, 232, 379–392.
Thomas, P., Veverka, J., Bell, J., Lunine, J., and Cruikshank, D. (1992a). Satellites of Mars: geologic history. In Mars, ed. Kieffer, H. H., Jakosky, B. M., Snyder, C. W., and Matthews, M. S.. Tucson, AZ: University of Arizona Press, pp. 1257–1282.
Thomas, P., Squyres, S., Herkenhoff, K., Howard, A., and Murray, B. (1992b). Polar deposits of Mars. In Mars, ed. Kieffer, H. H., Jakosky, B. M., Snyder, C. W., and Matthews, M. S.. Tucson, AZ: University of Arizona Press, pp. 767–795.
Thomas, P. C., Veverka, J., Sullivan, R., et al. (2000a). Phobos: regolith and ejecta blocks investigated with Mars Orbiter Camera images. Journal of Geophysical Research, 105, 15 091–15 106.
Thomas, P. C., Malin, M. C., Edgett, K. S., et al. (2000b). North–south geological differences between the residual polar caps on Mars. Nature, 404, 161–164.
Thomas, P. C., Gierasch, P., Sullivan, R., et al. (2003). Mesoscale linear streaks on Mars: environments of dust entrainment. Icarus, 162, 242–258.
Thomas, P. C., Malin, M. C., James, P. B., et al. (2005). South polar residual cap of Mars: features, stratigraphy, and changes. Icarus, 174, 535–559.
Thomas-Keprta, K. L., Bazylinski, D. A., Kirschvink, J. L., et al. (2000). Elongated prismatic magnetite crystals in ALH84001 carbonate globules: potential martian magnetofossils. Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta, 64, 4049–4081.
Thomson, B. J. and Head, J. W. (2001). Utopia basin, Mars: characterization of topography and morphology and assessment of the origin and evolution of basin internal structures. Journal of Geophysical Research, 106, 23 209–23 230.
Titus, T. N., Kieffer, H. H., Mullins, K. F., and Christensen, P. R. (2001). TES premapping data: slab ice and snow flurries in the martian north polar night. Journal of Geophysical Research, 106, 23 181–23 196.
Titus, T. N., Kieffer, H. H., and Christensen, P. R. (2003). Exposed water ice discovered near the south pole of Mars. Science, 299, 1048–1050.
Toigo, A. D. and Richardson, M. I. (2002). A mesoscale model for the martian atmosphere. Journal of Geophysical Research, 107, 5049, doi: 10.1029/2001JE001489.
Toigo, A. D. and Richardson, M. I. (2003). Meteorology of proposed Mars Exploration Rover landing sites. Journal of Geophysical Research, 108, 8092, doi: 10.1029/2003JE002064.
Toigo, A. D., Richardson, M. I., Ewald, S. P., and Gierasch, P. J. (2003). Numerical simulations of martian dust devils. Journal of Geophysical Research, 108, 5047, doi: 10.1029/2002JE002002.
Toksöz, M. N. and Hsui, A. T. (1978). Thermal history and evolution of Mars. Icarus, 34, 537–547.
Tonks, W. B. and Melosh, H. J. (1990). The physics of crystal settling and suspension in a turbulent magma ocean. In Origin of the Earth, ed. Newsom, H. E. and Jones, J. H.. New York: Oxford University Press, pp. 151–174.
Tornabene, L. L., Moersch, J. E., McSween, H. Y., et al. (2006). Identification of large (2–10 km) rayed craters on Mars in THEMIS thermal infrared images: implications for possible martian meteorite source regions. Journal of Geophysical Research, 111, E10006, doi: 10.1029/2005JE002600.
Touma, J. and Wisdom, J. (1993). The chaotic obliquity of Mars. Science, 259, 1294–1296.
Treiman, A. H. (1995). S ≠ NC: multiple source areas for martian meteorites. Journal of Geophysical Research, 100, 5329–5340.
Treiman, A. H., Barrett, R. A., and Gooding, J. L. (1993). Preterrestrial aqueous alteration of the Lafayette (SNC) meteorite. Meteoritics, 28, 86–97.
Treiman, A. H., Fuks, K. H., and Murchie, S. (1995). Diagenetic layers in the upper walls of Valles Marineris, Mars: evidence for drastic climate change since the mid-Hesperian. Journal of Geophysical Research, 100, 26 339–26 344.
Trofimov, V. I., Victorov, A., and Ivanov, M. (1996). Selection of sterilization methods for planetary return missions. Advances in Space Research, 18, 333–337.
Turcotte, D. L. and Schubert, G. (2002). Geodynamics, 2nd edn. Cambridge, UK: Cambridge University Press.
Turtle, E. P. and Melosh, H. J. (1997). Stress and flexural modeling of the martian lithospheric response to Alba Patera. Icarus, 126, 197–211.
Tyler, D., Barnes, J. R., and Haberle, R. M. (2002). Simulation of surface meteorology at the Pathfinder and VL1 sites using a Mars mesoscale model. Journal of Geophysical Research, 107, 5018, doi: 10.1029/2001JE001618.
Vago, J. L., Gardini, B., Baglioni, P., et al. (2006). ExoMars: ESA's mission to search for signs of life on the Red Planet. In Lunar and Planetary Science XXXVII, Abstract #1871. Houston, TX: Lunar and Planetary Institute.
Gasselt, S., Reiss, D., Thorpe, A. K., and Neukum, G. (2005). Seasonal variations of polygonal thermal contraction crack patterns in a south polar trough, Mars. Journal of Geophysical Research, 110, E08002, doi: 10.1029/2004JE002385.
Thienen, P., Vlaar, N. J., and Berg, A. P. (2004). Plate tectonics on the terrestrial planets. Physics of the Earth and Planetary Interiors, 142, 61–74.
Varnes, E. S., Jakosky, B. M., and McCollom, T. M. (2003). Biological potential of martian hydrothermal systems. Astrobiology, 3, 407–414.
Vasavada, A. R. and the MSL Science Team (2006). NASA's 2009 Mars Science Laboratory: an update. In Lunar and Planetary Science XXXVII, Abstract #1940. Houston, TX: Lunar and Planetary Institute.
Vasavada, A. R., Williams, J. -P., Paige, D. A., et al. (2000). Surface properties of Mars' polar layered deposits and polar landing sites. Journal of Geophysical Research, 105, 6961–6969.
Wallace, P. and Carmichael, I. S. E. (1992). Sulfur in basaltic magmas. Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta, 56, 1863–1874.
Wang, H. and Ingersoll, A. P. (2002). Martian clouds observed by Mars Global Surveyor Mars Orbiter Camera. Journal of Geophysical Research, 107, 5078, doi: 10.1029/2001JE001815.
Wang, H., Zurek, R. W., and Richardson, M. I. (2005). Relationship between frontal dust storms and transient eddy activity in the northern hemisphere of Mars as observed by Mars Global Surveyor. Journal of Geophysical Research, 110, E07005, doi: 10.1029/2005JE002423.
Wänke, H. (1981). Constitution of terrestrial planets. Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society of London A, 303, 287–302.
Ward, A. W. (1979). Yardangs on Mars: evidence of recent wind erosion. Journal of Geophysical Research, 84, 8147–8166.
Ward, W. R. (1992). Long-term orbital and spin dynamics of Mars. In Mars, ed. Kieffer, H. H., Jakosky, B. M., Snyder, C. W., and Matthews, M. S.. Tucson, AZ: University of Arizona Press, pp. 298–320.
Ward, W. R. (2000). On planetesimal formation: the role of collective particle behavior. In Origin of the Earth and Moon, ed. Canup, R. M. and Righter, K.. Tucson, AZ: University of Arizona Press, pp. 75–84.
Warren, P. H. (1998). Petrologic evidence for low-temperature, possibly flood-evaporitic origin of carbonates in the ALH 84001 meteorite. Journal of Geophysical Research, 103, 16 759–16 773.
Watson, L. L., Hutcheon, I. D., Epstein, S., and Stolper, E. M. (1994). Water on Mars: clues from deuterium/hydrogen and water contents of hydrous phases in SNC meteorites. Science, 265, 86–90.
Watters, T. R. (2003). Thrust faults along the dichotomy boundary in the eastern hemisphere of Mars. Journal of Geophysical Research, 108, 5054, doi: 10.1029/2002JE001934.
Watters, T. R. (2004). Elastic dislocation modeling of wrinkle ridges on Mars. Icarus, 171, 284–294.
Watters, T. R., Leuschen, C. J., Plaut, J. J.et al. (2006). MARSIS radar sounder evidence of buried basins in the northern lowlands of Mars. Nature, 444, 905–908.
Weidenschilling, S. J. and Cuzzi, J. N. (1993). Formation of planetesimals in the solar nebula. In Protostars and Planets III, ed. Levy, E. H. and Lunine, J. I.. Tucson, AZ: University of Arizona Press, pp. 1031–1060.
Wentworth, S. J., Gibson, E. K., Velbel, M. A., and McKay, D. S. (2005). Antarctic dry valleys and indigenous weathering in Mars meteorites: implications for water and life on Mars. Icarus, 174, 383–395.
Werner, S. C., Gasselt, S., and Neukum, G. (2003). Continual geological activity in Athabasca Valles, Mars. Journal of Geophysical Research, 108, 8081, doi: 10.1029/2002JE002020.
Werner, S. C., Ivanov, B. A., and Neukum, G. (2006). Mars: secondary cratering – implications for age determination. In Workshop on Surface Ages and Histories: Issues in Planetary Chronology, Contribution No. 1320. Houston, TX: Lunar and Planetary Institute, pp. 55–56.
Wetherill, G. W. (1990). Formation of the Earth. Annual Reviews of Earth and Planetary Science, 18, 205–256.
Wetherill, G. W. and Inaba, S. (2000). Planetary accumulation with a continuous supply of planetesimals. Space Science Reviews, 92, 311–320.
Whelley, P. L. and Greeley, R. (2006). Latitudinal dependency in dust devil activity on Mars. Journal of Geophysical Research, 111, E10003, doi: 10.1029/2006JE002677.
Whitmire, D. P., Doyle, L. R., Reynolds, R. T., and Matese, J. J. (1995). A slightly more massive young Sun as an explanation for warm temperatures on early Mars. Journal of Geophysical Research, 100, 5457–5464.
Wieczorek, M. A. and Zuber, M. T. (2004). Thickness of the martian crust: improved constraints from geoid-to-topography ratios. Journal of Geophysical Research, 109, E01009, doi: 10.1029/2003JE002153.
Wilhelms, D. E. and Squyres, S. W. (1984). The martian hemispheric dichotomy may be due to a giant impact. Nature, 309, 138–140.
Williams, J. -P. and Nimmo, F. (2004). Thermal evolution of the martian core: implications for an early dynamo. Geology, 32, 97–100.
Williams, J. -P., Paige, D. A., and Manning, C. E. (2003). Layering in the wall rock of Valles Marineris: intrusive and extrusive magmatism. Geophysical Research Letters, 30, 1623, doi: 10.1029/2003GL017662.
Wilson, L. and Head, J. W. (1994). Mars: review and analysis of volcanic eruption theory and relationships to observed landforms. Review of Geophysics, 32, 221–263.
Wilson, L. and Head, J. W. (2002). Tharsis-radial graben systems as the surface manifestation of plume-related dike intrusion complexes: models and implications. Journal of Geophysical Research, 107, 5057, doi: 10.1029/2001JE001593.
Wilson, R. J. (1997). A general circulation model simulation of the martian polar warming. Geophysical Research Letters, 24, 123–126.
Wilson, R. J., Banfield, D., Conrath, B. J., and Smith, M. D. (2002). Traveling waves in the northern hemisphere of Mars. Geophysical Research Letters, 29, 1684, doi: 10.1029/2002GL014866.
Wise, D. U., Golombek, M. P., and McGill, G. E. (1979). Tectonic evolution of Mars. Journal of Geophysical Research, 84, 7934–7939.
Wood, C. A. and Ashwal, L. D. (1981). SNC Meteorites: igneous rocks from Mars. In Proceedings of the 12th Lunar and Planetary Science Conference. New York: Pergamon Press, pp. 1359–1375.
Wood, C. A., Head, J. W., and Cintala, M. J. (1978). Interior morphology of fresh martian craters: the effects of target characteristics. In Proceedings of the 9th Lunar and Planetary Science Conference. New York: Pergamon Press, pp. 3691–3709.
Wyatt, M. B. and McSween, H. Y. (2002). Spectral evidence for weathered basalt as an alternative to andesite in the northern lowlands of Mars. Nature, 417, 263–266.
Yen, A. S., Gellert, R., Schröder, C., et al. (2005). An integrated view of the chemistry and mineralogy of martian soils. Nature, 436, 49–54.
Yoder, C. F., Konopliv, A. S., Yuan, D. N., Standish, E. M., and Folkner, W. M. (2003). Fluid core size of Mars from detection of the solar tide. Science, 300, 299–303.
Youdin, A. N. and Shu, F. H. (2002). Planetesimal formation by gravitational instability. Astrophysical Journal, 580, 494–505.
Yung, Y. L., Nair, H., and Gerstell, M. F. (1997). CO2 greenhouse in the early martian atmosphere: SO2 inhibits condensation. Icarus, 130, 222–224.
Zhai, Y., Cummer, S. A., and Farrell, W. M. (2006). Quasi-electrostatic field analysis and simulation of martian and terrestrial dust. Journal of Geophysical Research, 111, E06016, doi: 10.1029/2005JE002618.
Zharkov, V. N. (1996). The internal structure of Mars: a key to understanding the origin of terrestrial planets. Solar System Research, 30, 456–465.
Zolotov, M. Y. and Shock, E. L. (2000). An abiotic origin for hydrocarbons in the Allan Hills 84001 martian meteorite through cooling of magmatic and impact-generated gases. Meteoritics and Planetary Science, 35, 629–638.
Zuber, M. T. (2001). The crust and mantle of Mars. Nature, 412, 220–227.
Zuber, M. T., Smith, D. E., Solomon, S. C., et al. (1998). Observations of the north polar region of Mars from the Mars Orbiter Laser Altimeter. Science, 282, 2053–2060.
Zuber, M. T., Solomon, S. C., Phillips, R. J., et al. (2000). Internal structure and early thermal evolution of Mars from Mars Global Surveyor topography and gravity. Science, 287, 1788–1793.
Zurek, R. and Martin, L. (1993). Interannual variability of planet-encircling dust storms on Mars. Journal of Geophysical Research, 98, 3247–3259.