This book examines how neuropsychiatry and the related clinical neurosciences of neurosurgery, radiology and anaesthesia can inform our understanding of five concepts in philosophy: consciousness, the mind-body problem, agency, the experience of space and time, and personal identity. It offers a multidisciplinary approach to empirical and normative aspects of adaptive and maladaptive behaviour, presenting an account of the neural and mental processes underlying human thought and action. Through a range of clinical cases and other real-world examples, the chapters deepen our understanding of how interacting neural, mental and bodily processes regulate reasoning, decision-making and behavioural control. It also explores how these processes contribute to psychological connectedness and continuity in terms of which an individual persists through time as the same person. An original resource for clinical neuroscientists, philosophers, and psychologists alike.