The aim of this Element is to clarify the responsibilities of scientists in the process of public engagement with science. This Element will explain how scientists' social responsibility (SSR) is expressed both by scientists and members of the pubic. It will also analyse the plural aspects of SSR, considering the relationship between SSR and public engagement. The Element sheds light on the public engagement with science from the side of responsibility of scientists. How has the responsibility of scientists been discussed in texts since the birth of the word, 'scientists'? How can we manage scientists' responsibilities and public engagement? These questions are clarified using the social history of this topic and disciplinary resources from science and technology studies (STS). In the case studies, the author uses Japanese cases based on the comparative studies between UK and Japan. These comparative perspectives also give us relative viewpoints. This title is also available as open access on Cambridge Core.