Malaysia's federal system is asymmetric, as the East Malaysian territories of Sarawak and Sabah have more autonomy and prerogatives than their West Malaysian counterparts. This reflects their incorporation into the Malaysian Federation in 1963 and distinct ethnic and religious composition. Despite this, many East Malaysians do not feel that their position within Malaysia has been beneficial. Due to their natural resource wealth, these states generate a substantial proportion of federal government revenue and yet suffer high rates of poverty and insufficient infrastructure investment. However, in Malaysia's current political context, East Malaysian parties are now kingmakers, as any national coalition must gain their support to be viable. Sarawak is particularly influential since its ruling coalition, Gabungan Parti Sarawak (GPS), is virtually invulnerable. Anwar Ibrahim's Madani administration is also dependent on GPS, and negotiations on pending East Malaysian and specifically Sarawakian issues are gathering steam. The state is pushing for greater control over natural resources, autonomy over the provision of public services, and more political representation. While further progress is likely, the prime minister faces constraints. There are considerable financial implications in yielding too much to Sarawak, and that could embolden state governments on the peninsula, some of whom are already pushing for more resources and autonomy, to seek more autonomy.
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