The Victorian Palace of Science: Scientific Knowledge and the Building of the Houses of Parliament

Edward J. Gillin

doi:10.1017/9781108303873

References

Select Bibliography

Publication is in London unless otherwise stated

Primary Material

I. Manuscripts

Cambridge, Cambridgeshire

Royal Greenwich Observatory Archives, Cambridge University Library
RGO 6/599, Papers of George Biddell Airy, ‘Correspondence on Chronometers, 1849–1859’.
RGO 6/607, Papers of George Biddell Airy, ‘Correspondence on New Palace Clock, 1845–1848’.
RGO 6/608, Papers of George Biddell Airy, ‘Clock for New Palace Westminster, 1851–1856’.
RGO 6/609, Papers of George Biddell Airy, ‘Clock for New Palace Westminster, 1857–1861’.
RGO/6/615, Papers of George Biddell Airy, ‘Galvanic Time Balls, time signals and sympathetic clocks regulated by the Royal Observatory, 1861 Jan. to 1866 Feb.’.

Edinburgh

Centre for Research Collections, Edinburgh University
P.89.16, David Boswell Reid, ‘Remarks on Dr Hope’s “Summary,” presented to the patrons of the University’.
P.89.19, David Boswell Reid, ‘Testimonials regarding Dr D. B. Reid’s qualifications as a lecturer on chemistry, and as a teacher of practical chemistry’ (1833).
P.137.25, Thomas Charles Hope, ‘Summary of a Memorial to be presented to the Right Honourable the Lord Provost, Magistrates, and Council, respecting the institution of a professorship of practical chemistry in the University of Edinburgh’.
PS86.8, David Boswell Reid, ‘Extracts from official documents, reports, and papers, referring to the progress of Dr. Reid’s plans for ventilation’.
S.B.5404/2*13, David Boswell Reid, ‘The Study of Chemistry: its nature, and influence on the progress of society: importance of introducing it as an early branch of education in all schools and academies’.
New College Library, Edinburgh University
CHA4, ‘Letters to Thomas Chalmers’, 1831–1834.

Keyworth, Nottinghamshire

British Geological Survey Archives
GSM/DC/A/C/1, Papers of Henry Thomas De la Beche, ‘Entry Book of In-and-out Letters, 1835–1842’.
GSM/DC/A/C/11, Papers of Henry Thomas De la Beche, ‘Correspondence to the Director General, 1836–1847’.
GSM/MG/C/20, Papers of Henry Thomas De la Beche, C. H. Smith, ‘Building Stones’ (5 January 1848).

London

British Library
British Museum, Additional. Ms. 40,413, Peel Papers, Vol. CCXXXIII, ‘General Correspondence’.
British Museum Additional Ms. 46,126, Murchison Papers, Vol. II.
Royal Institute of British Architects Archives
SmC/1/1, Papers of C. H. Smith, ‘Abstracts of notes made by C. H. Smith during his travels with the commissioners in search of stone for the Houses of Parliament in the autumn of the year 1838 and spring of 1839’.
SmC/1/2, Papers of C. H. Smith, ‘Various papers on stone for building, and on some other materials’.
King’s College London Archives
Papers of John Frederic Daniell, 5/1, ‘John Frederic Daniell – Ms Life – Lectures’ (c.1845–50).
National Archives
WORK (Records of the Board of Works), 11/17/5, ‘Stone selection: correspondence and papers’ (1836–1843).
Parliamentary Archives
ARC/PRO/WORK11/26/6, ‘Report on St Stephen’s Chapel, 1835–57’.
BLY/58, ‘Sketch book of Henry Bailey, 1840–52’.
MOU/Box7/327, ‘The clock tower’ (1836).
OOW/23, ‘Ground plan of Dr D. B. Reid’s premises’.
8/L/10/2(10), ‘Barry/Hardman Correspondence, 1845–1860’.

Oxford, Oxfordshire

Special Collections, Bodleian Library
Ms Dep. Papers of the British Association for the Advancement of Science 1, ‘Correspondence of John Phillips’.
Ms Dep. Papers of the British Association for the Advancement of Science 5, ‘Miscellaneous Papers, 1831–1869’.
Oxford University Museum of Natural History
Papers of William Smith, Box 44 (Ms Journal), ‘Journal of William Smith LL. D., geologist, civil engineer, and mineral surveyor, on a tour of observation on the principal freestone quarries in England and Scotland, in company with Mr Barry the architect, Mr De la Beche, and Mr C H Smith, for the purpose of finding stone best calculated for the construction of the new Houses of Parliament’ (18 August to 23 October, 1838).
Papers of William Smith, Box 44, Folder 1, ‘Miscellaneous notes relating to survey for building stone for Houses of Parliament in 1838’.
Papers of William Smith, Box 44, Folder 5, ‘Papers on economic geology’ (1837–1839).

II.

II. State Papers

Report from the Select Committee on House of Commons Buildings; together with the minutes of evidence taken before them, Parliamentary Paper (PP.) 1833 (17).
Report from the Select Committee on the House of Commons’ Buildings; with the minutes of evidence taken before them, PP. 1833 (269).
Report from the Select Committee on Rebuilding Houses of Parliament; with the minutes of evidence, and an appendix, PP. 1835 (262).
Report from the Select Committee on the Admission of Ladies to the Strangers’ Gallery; with the minutes of evidence, PP. 1835 (437).
Report from Select Committee on the Ventilation of the Houses of Parliament; with the minutes of evidence, PP. 1835 (583).
Houses of Parliament Plans. Report of commissioners appointed to consider the plans for building the new Houses of Parliament, PP. 1836 (66).
Report from Select Committee on Houses of Parliament; with the minutes of evidence, PP. 1836 (245).
Ventilation of the House. Copy of a letter from Dr. Reid to Lord Duncannon, dated February 4th, 1837, relative to the acoustic and ventilating arrangements lately made in the House of Commons, PP. 1837 (21).
Report from the Select Committee on the Thames Tunnel; with the minutes of evidence, PP. 1837 (499).
Ventilation of the House. Copy of a letter from Sir Frederick Trench to Lord Viscount Duncannon, on the subject of ventilating the House of Commons, with Lord Duncannon’s answer, PP. 1837–38 (204).
Ventilation of the House. Copy of a letter from Dr. Reid to the Viscount Duncannon, in reply to observations addressed to His Lordship by Sir Frederick Trench, PP. 1837–38 (277).
Ventilation and lighting of the House. Letters from Sir Frederick Trench to Lord Duncannon, on the subject of ventilation and lighting the House of Commons, PP. 1837–38 (358).
Ventilation of the House. Return of the detailed expenses incurred in experiments for improving the ventilation, &c. of the House of Commons, in the experiment of lighting with gas, also in lighting with candles, ending with the present lustres and shades, PP. 1837–38 (725).
Hume, Joseph, Report from the select committee on lighting the House; together with the minutes of evidence, appendix and index, PP. 1839 (501).
Barry, Charles, Report of the Commissioners appointed to visit the Quarries, and to inquire into the Qualities of the Stone to be used in Building the New Houses of Parliament, PP. 1839 (574).
Report from Select Committee on Ventilation of the New Houses of Parliament; with the minutes of evidence, and appendix, PP. 1841 (51).
Lemon, Charles, Report from the select committee on lighting the House; together with the minutes of evidence, and appendix, PP. 1842 (251).
Report from the select committee on ventilation of the new houses of Parliament; with the minutes of evidence, PP. 1842 (536).
Report from the select committee on Houses of Parliament; together with the minutes of evidence taken before them, PP. 1844 (448).
First Reports of the Commissioners for inquiring into the state of large towns and populous districts, PP. 1844 (572).
Brought from the Lords, 9 August 1844. Second Report from the select committee of the House of Lords appointed to inquire into the progress of the building of the Houses of Parliament, and to report thereon to the house; with the minutes of evidence taken before the committee, PP. 1844 (629).
Report from the Select Committee on Westminster Bridge and new Palace, PP. 1846 (177).
Second report from the Select Committee on Westminster Bridge and new Palace, PP. 1846 (349).
Third Report from the Select Committee on Westminster Bridge and new Palace; together with the minutes of evidence, appendix, and index, PP. 1846 (574).
Reports from the Select Committee of the House of Lords appointed to inquire into the progress of the building of the Houses of Parliament, and to report thereon to the house: together with the minutes of evidence taken before the said committee, PP. 1846 (719).
First report from the select committee on new House of Commons, PP. 1850 (650, 650-II).
Second Report from the Select Committee on Ventilation and Lighting of the House; together with the proceedings of the committee, minutes of evidence, appendix and index, PP. 1852 (402).
Atkins, S. Elliott, Copy of the Memorial presented to Her Majesty’s Commissioners of Works and Public Buildings by the Clockmakers’ Company of London, respecting the great clock to be erected at the new Palace at Westminster; together with the answer thereto, PP. 1852 (415).
Clocks (New Houses of Parliament), PP. 1852 (500).
Clocks (New Houses of Parliament), PP. 1852 (500-I).
Ventilation and lighting of the House committee. Report of the standing committee on the ventilating and lighting the House of Commons, PP. 1852–53 (570).
First report from the select committee on ventilation of the House; together with the proceedings of the committee, and minutes of evidence, PP. 1854 (149).
Second report from the select committee on ventilation of the House; with the minutes of evidence taken before them, PP. 1854 (270).
Report from the select committee of the House of Lords, appointed to inquire into the possibility of improving the ventilation and the lighting of the House, and the contiguous chambers, galleries and passages; and to report thereon to the House, together with the minutes of evidence, and an appendix, PP. 1854 (384).
Westminster New Palace. Copies of all papers and correspondence relating to the great clock and bells for the new Palace at Westminster (in continuation of Parliamentary Paper, no. 500, of session 1852), PP. 1854–5 (436).
The Bell (new Palace, Westminster). Copy of reports on the condition of the great bell of the new Palace of Westminster, PP. 1860 (553).
Cowper, William, Report of the committee on the decay of the stone of the new palace at Westminster, PP. 1861 (504).

III.

III. Periodicals

Architectural Magazine (1834–1838)
Blackwood’s Edinburgh Magazine (1817–1905)
The Bude Light (1841)
Builder (1842–1966)
Building News (1855–1926)
Caledonian Mercury (1720–1867)
The Civil Engineer and Architect’s Journal (1837–1868)
Cornwall Royal Gazette, Falmouth Packet and Plymouth Journal (1801–1854)
Edinburgh Review (1802–1929)
The Friend of Africa; by the society for the extinction of the slave trade, and for the civilization of Africa (1841–1843)
Hansard (1803–2005)
Illustrated London News (1842–1900)
John Bull (1820–1892)
The Lady’s Newspaper (1847–1863)
Literary Gazette and Journal of Belles Lettres, Arts, Sciences, &c. (1817–1860)
Mechanics’ Magazine (1823–1872)
The Mirror of Literature, Amusement, and Instruction (1822–1847)
Morning Chronicle (1770–1865)
Morning Post (1772–1937)
The Musical World: a journal and record of science, criticism, literature, & intelligence, connected with the art (1836–1890)
Pictorial Times (1843–1848)
Preston Chronicle (1812–1854)
Punch (1841–1992)
Quarterly Review (1809–1967)
St Paul’s Magazine (1867–1874)
The Scotsman (1817–)
The Times (1785–)
Westminster Review (1824–1914)

IV.

IV. Printed

Adkins, Kathleen (ed.), Travel Diaries (1817–1820) of Sir Charles Barry (1795–1860) (Personal Extracts), (Privately Published, 1986).

Ainger, Alfred, On Ventilation, in Reference to the Houses of Parliament, (London, 1835).

Airy, George Biddell, Mathematical Tracts on Physical Astronomy, the Figure of the Earth, Precession and Nutation, and the Calculus of Variations, (Cambridge, 1826).

Airy, George Biddell, On the Undulatory Theory of Optics, (London, 1866).

Airy, Wilfrid (ed.), Autobiography of Sir George Biddell Airy, (Cambridge, 1896).

Alison, Archibald, ‘The British School of Architecture’, Blackwood’s Edinburgh Magazine, Vol. XL, No. CCL (August, 1836), pp. 227–38.

Allen, William, A Narrative of the Expedition Sent by Her Majesty’s Government to the River Niger, in 1841: under the Command of Captain H. D. Trotter, R.N., (London, 1848).

Anderson, John Wilson, Letter to the Right Honourable the Lord Provost, Magistrates, and Town Council of Edinburgh, as patrons of the University, in reference to the contemplated establishment of a lectureship of practical chemistry, (Edinburgh, 1834).

Anderson, John Wilson, Postscript of a letter to the Right Honourable the Lord Provost, Magistrates, and Town Council of Edinburgh, as patrons of the University, in reply to a pamphlet by Dr. Reid, lecturer on chemistry, in reference to the contemplated establishment of a lectureship of practical chemistry, (Edinburgh, 1834).

(Anon.), Architectural Problems for Parliament, (London, 1885).

Arnott, Neil, On Warming and Ventilating: with Directions for Making and Using the Thermometer-Stove, or Self-Regulating Fire, and Other New Apparatus, (London, 1838).

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Cole, Henry, ‘The Conductor’, ‘A new site for the Houses of Parliament suggested, and the fundamental principles on which they ought to be designed pointed out’, Architectural Magazine, Vol. III, No. 25, (March, 1836) pp. 100–03.

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(Anon.), A Description of the New Palace of Westminster, (London, 1848).

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Hamilton, W. R., Third letter from W. R. Hamilton, esq. to the Earl of Elgin, on the propriety of adopting the Greek style of architecture in preference to the Gothic, in the construction of the New Houses of Parliament, (London, 1837).

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Hopper, Thomas, Hopper versus Cust, on the Subject of Rebuilding the Houses of Parliament, (London, 1837).

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James, Frank A. J. L. (ed.), The Correspondence of Michael Faraday: Vol. 3, 1841–Dec., 1848: Letters 1334–2145, (London, 1996).

James, Frank A. J. L. (ed.), The Correspondence of Michael Faraday: Vol. 4, Jan.,1849–Oct., 1855, Letters 2146–3032, (London, 1996).

James, Frank A. J. L. (ed.), The Correspondence of Michael Faraday: Vol. 5: Nov., 1855–Oct., 1860, Letters 3033–3873, (London, 2008).

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Kelsall, C., A letter to the Society of the Dilettanti, on the works in progress at Windsor, (London, 1827).

Lyell, Charles, Principles of Geology: Being an Inquiry How Far the Former Changes of the Earth’s Surface Are Referable to Causes Now in Operation, (London, 1834).

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(Anon.), The New Palace of Westminster, (London, 1852).

(Anon.), The New Palace of Westminster, (London, 1867).

(Anon.), ‘Notices and abstracts of communications to the British Association for the advancement of science’, in Report of the Eighth Meeting of the British Association for the Advancement of Science; Held at Newcastle in August 1838, (London, 1839), pp. 131–32.

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Phillips, Richard, A letter to Dr. David Boswell Reid, experimental assistant to Professor Hope, in answer to his pamphlet, entitled ‘An Exposure Of The Misrepresentations In The Philosophical Magazine And Annals’, &c., (London, 1831).

(Anon.), A portion of the papers relating to the Great Clock for the New Palace at Westminster, printed by order of the House of Lords, (London, 1848 ).

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Secondary Material

I. Published

Alexander, Jennifer Karns, ‘Thinking again about science in technology’, Isis, Vol. 103, No. 3 (September, 2012), pp. 518–26.

Alberti, Samuel J. M. M., ‘The status of museums: authority, identity, and material culture’, in Livingstone, David N. and Withers, Charles W. J. (eds.), Geographies of Nineteenth-Century Science, (Chicago, 2011), pp. 51–72.

Allen, J. R. L., Late Churches and Chapels in Berkshire: A Geological Perspective from the Late Eighteenth Century to the First World War, (Oxford, 2007).

Allen, J. R. L., Building Late Churches in North Hampshire: A Geological Guide to Their Fabrics and Decoration from the Mid-Eighteenth Century to the First World War, (Oxford, 2009).

Anderson, R. E., ‘Hamilton, William Richard (1777–1859)’, rev. Jones, R. A., Oxford Dictionary of National Biography, Oxford University Press, 2004; online edn, May 2006 [www.oxforddnb.com/view/article/12147, accessed 7 March 2014].

Arkell, W. J., Oxford Stone, (London, 1947).

Arnold, Dana, ‘Burton, Decimus (1800–1881)’, Oxford Dictionary of National Biography, Oxford University Press, 2004; online edn, May 2012 [www.oxforddnb.com/view/article/4125, accessed 22 February 2015].

Ashworth, William J., ‘John Herschel, George Airy, and the roaming eye of the state’, History of Science, 36:2, (1 June, 1998), pp. 151–78.

Atterbury, Paul, and Wainwright, Clive (eds.), Pugin: A Gothic Passion, (New Haven, 1994).

Baigent, Elizabeth, ‘Jackson, Julian (1790–1853)’, Oxford Dictionary of National Biography, Oxford University Press, 2004 [www.oxforddnb.com/view/article/14540, accessed 12 September 2014].

Banham, Reyner, The Architecture of the Well-Tempered Environment, (London, 1969).

Barker, G. F. R., ‘Hall, Benjamin, Baron Llanover (1802–1867)’, rev. Matthew, H. C. G., Oxford Dictionary of National Biography, Oxford University Press, 2004; online edn, January 2012 [www.oxforddnb.com/view/article/11945, accessed 22 February 2015].

Barnes, Barry, and Edge, David (eds.), Science in Context: Readings in the Sociology of Science, (Milton Keynes, 1982).

Barnwell, P. S., Tyack, Geoffrey, and Whyte, William (eds.), George Gilbert Scott, 1811–1878: An Architect and His Influence, (Donington, 2014).

Bate, David G., ‘Sir Henry Thomas De la Beche and the founding of the British Geological Survey’, Mercian Geologist, 2010, 17 (3), pp. 149–65.

Bebbington, David W., Evangelicalism in Modern Britain: A History from the 1730s to the 1980s, (London, 1989).

Bebbington, David W., ‘Science and evangelical theology in Britain from Wesley to Orr’, in Livingstone, David N., Hart, D. G., and Noll, Mark A. (eds.), Evangelicals and Science in Historical Perspective, (Oxford, 1999), pp. 120–41.

Becher, Harvey W., ‘Radicals, Whigs and Conservatives: the middle and lower classes in the analytical revolution at Cambridge in the age of aristocracy’, British Journal for the History of Science, Vol. 28, No. 4 (December, 1995), pp. 405–26.

Becher, Harvey W., ‘William Whewell’s odyssey: from mathematics to moral philosophy’, in Fisch, Menachem and Schaffer, Simon (eds.), William Whewell: A Composite Portrait, (Oxford, 1991), pp. 1–29.

Bennett, J. A., ‘George Biddell Airy and horology’, Annals of Science, Vol. 37, Issue 3 (1980), pp. 269–85.

Bennett, J. A., The Mathematical Science of Christopher Wren, (Cambridge, 1982).

Bennett, J. A., The Divided Circle: A History of Instruments for Astronomy, Navigation and Surveying, (Oxford, 1987).

Bennett, Tony, and Joyce, Patrick (eds.), Material Powers: Cultural Studies, History and the Material Turn, (London, 2010).

Bergdoll, Barry, ‘Of crystals, cells, and strata: natural history and debates on the form of a new architecture in the nineteenth century’, Architectural History, Vol. 50 (2007), pp. 1–29.

Bijker, Weibe E., Hughes, Thomas P., and Pinch, Trevor J. (eds.), The Social Construction of Technological Systems: New Directions in the Sociology and History of Technology, (Cambridge, Massachusetts, 1987).

Blau, Eve, Ruskinian Gothic: The Architecture of Deane and Woodward, 1845–1861, (Princeton, 1982).

Boase, G. C., ‘Dent, Edward John (1790–1853)’, rev. McConnell, Anita, Oxford Dictionary of National Biography, Oxford University Press, 2004; online edn, May 2007 [http://ezproxy.ouls.ox.ac.uk:2117/view/article/7512, accessed 24 August 2013].

Bonython, Elizabeth, King Cole: A Picture Portrait of Sir Henry Cole, KCB 1808–1882, (London, 1982).

Bord, Joe, ‘Whiggery, science and administration: Grenville and Lord Henry Petty in the Ministry of All the Talents, 1806–7’, Historical Research, Vol. 76, No. 191 (February, 2003), pp. 108–27.

Bord, Joe, Science and Whig Manners: Science and Political Style in Britain, c.1790–1850, (Basingstoke, 2009).

Bourdieu, Pierre, Language and Symbolic Power, (trans.) Raymond, Gino and Adamson, Matthew, (Cambridge, 1991).

Bowdler, Roger, ‘Gwilt, Joseph (1784–1863)’, Oxford Dictionary of National Biography, Oxford University Press, 2004; online edn, October 2007 [www.oxforddnb.com/view/article/11811, accessed 4 December 2013].

Brand, Vanessa (ed.), The Study of the Past in the Victorian Age, (Oxford, 1998).

Brown, Stewart J., ‘Chalmers, Thomas (1780–1847)’, Oxford Dictionary of National Biography, Oxford University Press, 2004; online edn, October 2007 [www.oxforddnb.com/view/article/5033, accessed 26 December 2012].

Brown, Stewart J., Providence and Empire: Religion, Politics and Society in the United Kingdom, 1815–1914, (Harlow, 2008).

Bruegmann, Robert, ‘Central heating and forced ventilation: origins and effects on architectural design’, Journal of the Society of Architectural Historians, Vol. 37, No. 3 (October, 1978), pp. 143–60.

Buchanan, Alexandrina, Robert Willis (1800–1875) and the Foundation of Architectural History, (Woodbridge, 2013).

Buchanan, R. A., ‘Engineers and government in nineteenth-century Britain’, in MacLeod, Roy (ed.), Government and Expertise: Specialists, Administrators and Professionals, 1860–1919, (Cambridge, 1988), pp. 41–58.

Buchdahl, Gerd, ‘Deductive versus inductivist – Mill vs Whewell’, in Fisch, Menachem and Schaffer, Simon (eds.), William Whewell: A Composite Portrait, (Oxford, 1991), pp. 311–44.

Bud, Robert, ‘“Applied Science”: a phrase in search of a meaning’, Isis, Vol. 103, No. 3 (September 2012), pp. 537–45.

Bud, Robert, ‘Introduction’, Isis, Vol. 103, No. 3 (September, 2012), pp. 515–17.

Bud, Robert and Cozzens, Susan E. (eds.), Invisible Connections: Instruments, Institutions, and Science, (Washington, 1992).

Bud, Robert and Robert, Gerrylynn K., Science Versus Practice: Chemistry in Victorian Britain, (Manchester, 1984).

Burchell, Graham, Gordon, Colin, and Miller, Peter (eds.), The Foucault Effect: Studies in Governmentality with Two Lectures by and an Interview with Michel Foucault, (Chicago, 1991).

Burke, John G. (ed.), The Uses of Science in the Age of Newton, (Berkeley, 1983).

Burrow, J. W., Whigs and Liberals: Continuity and Change in English Political Thought, (Oxford, 1988).

Bynum, W. F., ‘Wakley, Thomas (1795–1862)’, Oxford Dictionary of National Biography, Oxford University Press, 2004 [http://ezproxy.ouls.ox.ac.uk:2117/view/article/28425, accessed 5 April 2013].

Cantor, Geoffrey, ‘The changing role of Young’s ether’, British Journal for the History of Science, Vol. 5, No. 1 (June, 1970), pp. 44–62.

Cantor, Geoffrey, ‘Henry Brougham and the Scottish methodological tradition’, Studies in History and Philosophy of Science, 2, no. 1 (1971), pp. 69–89.

Cantor, Geoffrey, ‘The reception of the wave theory of light in Britain: a case study illustrating the role of methodology in scientific debate’, Historical Studies in the Physical Sciences, Vol. 6 (1975), pp. 109–32.

Cantor, Geoffrey, Optics after Newton: Theories of Light in Britain and Ireland, 1704–1840, (Manchester, 1983).

Cantor, Geoffrey N., ‘Reading the book of nature: the relation between Faraday’s religion and his science’, in Gooding, David and James, Frank A. J. L. (eds.), Faraday Rediscovered: Essays on the Life and Work of Michael Faraday, 1791–1867, (Basingstoke, 1985), pp. 69–81.

Cantor, Geoffrey, Michael Faraday: Sandemanian and Scientist. A Study of Science and Religion in the Nineteenth-Century, (Basingstoke, 1991).

Cantor, Geoffrey, Gooding, David, and James, Frank A. J. L., Michael Faraday, (New York, 1991).

Carlyle, E. I., ‘Smith, Charles Harriot (1792–1864)’, rev. Goodall, M. A., Oxford Dictionary of National Biography, Oxford University Press, 2004 [http://ezproxy.ouls.ox.ac.uk:2204/view/article/25787, accessed 31 August 2014].

Casey, Edward S., ‘How to get from space to place in a fairly short stretch of time: phenomenological prolegomena’, in Feld, Steven and Basso, Keith H. (eds.), Senses of Place, (Santa Fe, 1996), pp. 13–52.

Chaldecott, John A., ‘Platinum and the Greenwich system of time-signals in Britain: the work of George Biddell Airy and Charles Vincent Walker from 1849 to 1870’, Platinum Metals Review, 30 (1), pp. 29–37.

Chancellor, Valerie, The Political Life of Joseph Hume, 1777–1855, (London, 1986).

Chancellor, V. E., ‘Hume, Joseph (1777–1855)’, Oxford Dictionary of National Biography, Oxford University Press, 2004; online edn, January 2008 [www.oxforddnb.com/view/article/14148, accessed 7 March 2014].

Chapman, Allan, ‘Sir George Airy (1801–1892) and the concept of international standards in science, timekeeping and navigation’, Vistas in Astronomy, 28 (London, 1985), pp. 321–28.

Chapman, Allan, ‘Private research and public duty: George Biddell Airy and the search for Neptune’, Journal for the History of Astronomy, 19 (Cambridge, 1988), pp. 121–39.

Chapman, Allan, ‘George Biddell Airy, F. R. S. (1801–1892): a centenary commemoration’, Notes and Records of the Royal Society of London, Vol. 46, No. 1 (January, 1992), pp. 103–10.

Chapman, Allan, ‘The pit and the pendulum: G. B. Airy and the determination of gravity’, Antiquarian Horology (Autumn, 1993), pp. 70–78.

Chapman, Allan, Dividing the Circle: The Development of Critical Angular Measurement in Astronomy, 1500–1850, 2nd ed., (Chichester, 1995).

Chapman, Allan, The Victorian Amateur Astronomer: Independent astronomical research in Britain, 1820–1920, (Chichester, 1998).

Chapman, Allan, ‘Airy, Sir George Biddell (1801–1892)’, Oxford Dictionary of National Biography, Oxford University Press, 2004; online edn, January 2011 [http://ezproxy.ouls.ox.ac.uk:2117/view/article/251, accessed 24 Aug 2013].

Christie, William, The Edinburgh Review in the Literary Culture of Romantic Britain: Mammoth and Megalonyx, (London, 2009).

Clark, Kenneth, The Gothic Revival: An Essay in the History of Taste, (Harmondsworth, 1962).

Clark, William, Golinski, Jan, and Schaffer, Simon (eds.), The Sciences in Enlightened Europe, (Chicago, 1999).

Clarke, Jonathan, ‘Pioneering yet peculiar: John Nash’s contribution to late Georgian building technology’, in Tyack, Geoffrey (ed.), John Nash: Architect of the Picturesque, (Swindon, 2013), pp. 153–68.

Clifton-Taylor, Alec, The Pattern of English Building, (London, 1987).

Collini, Stefan, Winch, Donald and Burrow, John, That Noble Science of Politics: A Study in Nineteenth-Century Intellectual History, (Cambridge, 1983).

Colvin, Howard, A Biographical Dictionary of British Architects, 1600–1840, 3rd ed., (New Haven, 1995).

Cooper, Ann, ‘Cole, Sir Henry (1808–1882)’, Oxford Dictionary of National Biography, Oxford University Press, 2004; online edn, January 2008 [www.oxforddnb.com/view/article/5852, accessed 7 March 2014].

Cooter, Roger and Pumfrey, Stephen, ‘Separate spheres and public places: reflections on the history of science popularization and science in popular culture’, History of Science, Vol. 32, No. 3 (1994), pp. 237–67.

Corbin, Alain, Village Bells: Sound and Meaning in the Nineteenth-Century French Countryside, (London, 1999).

Cotter, Charles H., ‘George Biddell Airy and his mechanical correction of the magnetic compass’, Annals of Science, Vol. 33, Issue 3 (1976), pp. 263–74.

Cotter, Charles H., ‘The early history of ship magnetism: the Airy-Scoresby controversy’, Annals of Science, Vol. 34, Issue 6 (1977), pp. 589–99.

Craik, A. D. D., ‘Victorian “applied mathematics”’, in Flood, Raymond, Rice, Adrian, and Wilson, Robin (eds.), Mathematics in Victorian Britain, (Oxford, 2011), pp. 177–98.

Crimmins, James E., Utilitarian Philosophy and Politics: Bentham’s Later Years, (London, 2011).

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Crook, J. Mordaunt, The Dilemma of Style: Architectural Ideas from the Picturesque to the Post-Modern, (London, 1987).

Crook, J. Mordaunt and Port, M. H. (eds.), The History of the King’s Works, Vol. VI: 1782–1851, (London, 1973).

Crook, Tom, ‘Secrecy and liberal modernity in Victorian and Edwardian England’, in Gunn, Simon and Vernon, James (eds.), The Peculiarities of Liberal Modernity in Imperial Britain, (Berkeley, 2011), pp. 72–90.

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Cust, L. H., ‘Meeson, Alfred (1808–1885)’, rev. Barson, Susie, Oxford Dictionary of National Biography, Oxford University Press, 2004 [www.oxforddnb.com/view/article/18511, accessed 4 Dec 2013].

Daniels, Rebecca and Brandwood, Geoff (eds.), Ruskin and Architecture, (Reading, 2003).

Darwin, John, The Triumphs of Big Ben, (London, 1986).

Daunton, Martin, Progress and Poverty: An Economic and Social History of Britain, 1700–1850, (Oxford, 1995).

Daunton, Martin, Trusting Leviathan: The Politics of Taxation in Britain, 1799–1914, (Cambridge, 2001).

Daunton, Martin (ed.), The Organization of Knowledge in Victorian Britain, (Oxford, 2005).

Davies, David I., ‘John Frederic Daniell, 1791–1845’, Chemistry in Britain (October, 1990), pp. 946–60.

Davison, Graeme, ‘The city as a natural system: theories of urban society in early nineteenth-century Britain’, in Fraser, Derek and Sutcliffe, Anthony (eds.), The Pursuit of Urban History, (London, 1983), pp. 349–70.

Desmond, Adrian, The Politics of Evolution: Morphology, Medicine, and Reform in Radical London, (Chicago, 1989).

Droth, Martina, Edwards, Jason, and Hatt, Michael (eds.), Sculpture Victorious: Art in an Age of Invention, 1837–1901, (Yale, 2014).

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Fisch, Menachem and Schaffer, Simon (eds.), William Whewell: A Composite Portrait, (Oxford, 1991).

Fleetwood-Hesketh, Peter, ‘Sir Charles Barry’, in Ferriday, Peter (ed.), Victorian Architecture, (London, 1963), pp. 125–35.

Flett, John Smith, The First Hundred Years of the Geological Survey of Great Britain, (London, 1937).

Flood, Raymond, Rice, Adrian, and Wilson, Robin (eds.), Mathematics in Victorian Britain, (Oxford, 2011).

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Forgan, Sophie, ‘Context, image and function: a preliminary enquiry into the architecture of scientific societies’, British Journal for the History of Science, Vol. 19, Issue 1, (March, 1986), pp. 89–113.

Forgan, Sophie, ‘The architecture of display: museums, universities and objects in nineteenth-century Britain’, History of Science, Vol. 32, Issue 2 (1994), pp. 139–62.

Forgan, Sophie, ‘“But indifferently lodged … ”: perception and place in building for science in Victorian London’, in Smith, Crosbie and Agar, Jon (eds.), Making Space for Science: Territorial Themes in the Shaping of Knowledge, (Basingstoke, 1998), pp. 195–215.

Forgan, Sophie, ‘Building the museum: knowledge, conflict and the power of place’, Isis, Vol. 96, No. 4 (2005), pp. 572–85.

Foucault, Michel, Archaeology of Knowledge, (trans.) Smith, A. M. Sheridan, (London, 1969).

Foucault, Michel, Discipline and Punish: The Birth of the Prison, (trans.) Sheridan, Alan, (Harmondsworth, 1977).

Foucault, Michel, ‘Governmentality’, in Burchell, Graham, Gordon, Colin, and Miller, Peter (eds.), The Foucault Effect: Studies in Governmentality with Two Lectures by and an Interview with Michel Foucault, (Chicago, 1991), pp. 87–104.

Fox, Celina (ed.), London – World City, 1800–1840, (New Haven, 1992).

Fraser, Derek and Sutcliffe, Anthony (eds.), The Pursuit of Urban History, (London, 1983).

Fredericksen, Andrea, ‘Parliament’s genius loci: the politics of place after the 1834 fire’, in Riding, Christine and Riding, Jacqueline (eds.), The Houses of Parliament: History, Art, Architecture, (London, 2000), pp. 99–111.

Fry, Michael, ‘Alison, Sir Archibald, first baronet (1792–1867)’, Oxford Dictionary of National Biography, Oxford University Press, 2004 [www.oxforddnb.com/view/article/349, accessed 7 March 2014].

Galison, Peter and Thompson, Emily (eds.), The Architecture of Science, (Cambridge, Massachusetts: 1999).

Garnham, Trevor, Oxford Museum: Deane and Woodward, (London, 1992).

Gerbino, Anthony and Johnston, Stephen, Compass and Rule: Architecture as Mathematical Practice in England, 1500–1700, (New Haven, 2009).

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Gillin, Edward John, ‘Gothic fantastic: Parliament, Pugin, and the architecture of science’, True Principles, Vol. 4, No. 5, (Winter, 2015), pp. 382–89.

Gillin, Edward John, ‘Prophets of progress: authority in the scientific projections and religious realizations of the Great Eastern steamship’, Technology and Culture, Vol. 56, No. 4 (October, 2015), pp. 928–56.

Gillin, Edward John, ‘Stones of science: Charles Harriot Smith and the importance of geology in architecture, 1834–64’, Architectural History, Vol. 59 (2016), pp. 281–310.

Gillin, Edward John, ‘Reid, David Boswell (1805–1863)’, Oxford Dictionary of National Biography, Oxford University Press, April 2016 [http://ezproxy-prd.bodleian.ox.ac.uk:2167/view/article/23327, accessed 17 September 2016].

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Girouard, Mark, The Victorian Country House, (Oxford, 1971).

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Golinski, Jan, Science as Public Culture: Chemistry and Enlightenment in Britain, 1760–1820, (Cambridge, 1992).

Gooday, Graeme J. N., The Morals of Measurement: Accuracy, Irony, and Trust in Late Victorian Electrical Practice, (Cambridge, 2004).

Gooday, Graeme J. N., ‘Liars, experts and authorities’, History of Science, Vol. 46, Issue 4 (2008), pp. 431–56.

Gooday, Graeme, ‘Placing or replacing the laboratory in the history of science?’, Isis, Vol. 99, No. 4 (December, 2008), pp. 783–95.

Gooday, Graeme, ‘“Vague and artificial”: the historically elusive distinction between pure and applied science’, Isis, Vol. 103, No. 3 (September, 2012), pp. 546–54.

Gooding, David, ‘“In nature’s school”: Faraday as an experimentalist’, in Gooding, David and James, Frank A. J. L. (eds.), Faraday Rediscovered: Essays on the Life and Work of Michael Faraday, 1791–1867, (Basingstoke, 1985), pp. 105–35.

Gooding, David, and James, Frank A. J. L. (eds.), Faraday Rediscovered: Essays on the Life and Work of Michael Faraday, 1791–1867, (Basingstoke, 1985).

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Gooding, David, Pinch, Trevor, and Schaffer, Simon, ‘Introduction: some uses of experiment’, in Gooding, David, Pinch, Trevor, and Schaffer, Simon (eds.), The Uses of Experiment: Studies in the Natural Sciences, (Cambridge, 1989), pp. 1–27.

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II.

II. Unpublished

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[1] Publication is in London unless otherwise stated

[2] Royal Greenwich Observatory Archives, Cambridge University Library

[3] RGO 6/599, Papers of George Biddell Airy, ‘Correspondence on Chronometers, 1849–1859’.

[4] RGO 6/607, Papers of George Biddell Airy, ‘Correspondence on New Palace Clock, 1845–1848’.

[5] RGO 6/608, Papers of George Biddell Airy, ‘Clock for New Palace Westminster, 1851–1856’.

[6] RGO 6/609, Papers of George Biddell Airy, ‘Clock for New Palace Westminster, 1857–1861’.

[7] RGO/6/615, Papers of George Biddell Airy, ‘Galvanic Time Balls, time signals and sympathetic clocks regulated by the Royal Observatory, 1861 Jan. to 1866 Feb.’.

[8] Centre for Research Collections, Edinburgh University

[9] P.89.16, David Boswell Reid, ‘Remarks on Dr Hope’s “Summary,” presented to the patrons of the University’.

[10] P.89.19, David Boswell Reid, ‘Testimonials regarding Dr D. B. Reid’s qualifications as a lecturer on chemistry, and as a teacher of practical chemistry’ (1833).

[11] P.137.25, Thomas Charles Hope, ‘Summary of a Memorial to be presented to the Right Honourable the Lord Provost, Magistrates, and Council, respecting the institution of a professorship of practical chemistry in the University of Edinburgh’.

[12] PS86.8, David Boswell Reid, ‘Extracts from official documents, reports, and papers, referring to the progress of Dr. Reid’s plans for ventilation’.

[13] S.B.5404/2*13, David Boswell Reid, ‘The Study of Chemistry: its nature, and influence on the progress of society: importance of introducing it as an early branch of education in all schools and academies’.

[14] New College Library, Edinburgh University

[15] CHA4, ‘Letters to Thomas Chalmers’, 1831–1834.

[16] British Geological Survey Archives

[17] GSM/DC/A/C/1, Papers of Henry Thomas De la Beche, ‘Entry Book of In-and-out Letters, 1835–1842’.

[18] GSM/DC/A/C/11, Papers of Henry Thomas De la Beche, ‘Correspondence to the Director General, 1836–1847’.

[19] GSM/MG/C/20, Papers of Henry Thomas De la Beche, C. H. Smith, ‘Building Stones’ (5 January 1848).

[20] British Library

[21] British Museum, Additional. Ms. 40,413, Peel Papers, Vol. CCXXXIII, ‘General Correspondence’.

[22] British Museum Additional Ms. 46,126, Murchison Papers, Vol. II.

[23] Royal Institute of British Architects Archives

[24] SmC/1/1, Papers of C. H. Smith, ‘Abstracts of notes made by C. H. Smith during his travels with the commissioners in search of stone for the Houses of Parliament in the autumn of the year 1838 and spring of 1839’.

[25] SmC/1/2, Papers of C. H. Smith, ‘Various papers on stone for building, and on some other materials’.

[26] King’s College London Archives

[27] Papers of John Frederic Daniell, 5/1, ‘John Frederic Daniell – Ms Life – Lectures’ (c.1845–50).

[28] National Archives

[29] WORK (Records of the Board of Works), 11/17/5, ‘Stone selection: correspondence and papers’ (1836–1843).

[30] Parliamentary Archives

[31] ARC/PRO/WORK11/26/6, ‘Report on St Stephen’s Chapel, 1835–57’.

[32] BLY/58, ‘Sketch book of Henry Bailey, 1840–52’.

[33] MOU/Box7/327, ‘The clock tower’ (1836).

[34] OOW/23, ‘Ground plan of Dr D. B. Reid’s premises’.

[35] 8/L/10/2(10), ‘Barry/Hardman Correspondence, 1845–1860’.

[36] Special Collections, Bodleian Library

[37] Ms Dep. Papers of the British Association for the Advancement of Science 1, ‘Correspondence of John Phillips’.

[38] Ms Dep. Papers of the British Association for the Advancement of Science 5, ‘Miscellaneous Papers, 1831–1869’.

[39] Oxford University Museum of Natural History

[40] Papers of William Smith, Box 44 (Ms Journal), ‘Journal of William Smith LL. D., geologist, civil engineer, and mineral surveyor, on a tour of observation on the principal freestone quarries in England and Scotland, in company with Mr Barry the architect, Mr De la Beche, and Mr C H Smith, for the purpose of finding stone best calculated for the construction of the new Houses of Parliament’ (18 August to 23 October, 1838).

[41] Papers of William Smith, Box 44, Folder 1, ‘Miscellaneous notes relating to survey for building stone for Houses of Parliament in 1838’.

[42] Papers of William Smith, Box 44, Folder 5, ‘Papers on economic geology’ (1837–1839).

[43] Report from the Select Committee on House of Commons Buildings; together with the minutes of evidence taken before them, Parliamentary Paper (PP.) 1833 (17).

[44] Report from the Select Committee on the House of Commons’ Buildings; with the minutes of evidence taken before them, PP. 1833 (269).

[45] Report from the Select Committee on Rebuilding Houses of Parliament; with the minutes of evidence, and an appendix, PP. 1835 (262).

[46] Report from the Select Committee on the Admission of Ladies to the Strangers’ Gallery; with the minutes of evidence, PP. 1835 (437).

[47] Report from Select Committee on the Ventilation of the Houses of Parliament; with the minutes of evidence, PP. 1835 (583).

[48] Houses of Parliament Plans. Report of commissioners appointed to consider the plans for building the new Houses of Parliament, PP. 1836 (66).

[49] Report from Select Committee on Houses of Parliament; with the minutes of evidence, PP. 1836 (245).

[50] Ventilation of the House. Copy of a letter from Dr. Reid to Lord Duncannon, dated February 4th, 1837, relative to the acoustic and ventilating arrangements lately made in the House of Commons, PP. 1837 (21).

[51] Report from the Select Committee on the Thames Tunnel; with the minutes of evidence, PP. 1837 (499).

[52] Ventilation of the House. Copy of a letter from Sir Frederick Trench to Lord Viscount Duncannon, on the subject of ventilating the House of Commons, with Lord Duncannon’s answer, PP. 1837–38 (204).

[53] Ventilation of the House. Copy of a letter from Dr. Reid to the Viscount Duncannon, in reply to observations addressed to His Lordship by Sir Frederick Trench, PP. 1837–38 (277).

[54] Ventilation and lighting of the House. Letters from Sir Frederick Trench to Lord Duncannon, on the subject of ventilation and lighting the House of Commons, PP. 1837–38 (358).

[55] Ventilation of the House. Return of the detailed expenses incurred in experiments for improving the ventilation, &c. of the House of Commons, in the experiment of lighting with gas, also in lighting with candles, ending with the present lustres and shades, PP. 1837–38 (725).

[56] Hume, Joseph, Report from the select committee on lighting the House; together with the minutes of evidence, appendix and index, PP. 1839 (501).

[57] Barry, Charles, Report of the Commissioners appointed to visit the Quarries, and to inquire into the Qualities of the Stone to be used in Building the New Houses of Parliament, PP. 1839 (574).

[58] Report from Select Committee on Ventilation of the New Houses of Parliament; with the minutes of evidence, and appendix, PP. 1841 (51).

[59] Lemon, Charles, Report from the select committee on lighting the House; together with the minutes of evidence, and appendix, PP. 1842 (251).

[60] Report from the select committee on ventilation of the new houses of Parliament; with the minutes of evidence, PP. 1842 (536).

[61] Report from the select committee on Houses of Parliament; together with the minutes of evidence taken before them, PP. 1844 (448).

[62] First Reports of the Commissioners for inquiring into the state of large towns and populous districts, PP. 1844 (572).

[63] Brought from the Lords, 9 August 1844. Second Report from the select committee of the House of Lords appointed to inquire into the progress of the building of the Houses of Parliament, and to report thereon to the house; with the minutes of evidence taken before the committee, PP. 1844 (629).

[64] Report from the Select Committee on Westminster Bridge and new Palace, PP. 1846 (177).

[65] Second report from the Select Committee on Westminster Bridge and new Palace, PP. 1846 (349).

[66] Third Report from the Select Committee on Westminster Bridge and new Palace; together with the minutes of evidence, appendix, and index, PP. 1846 (574).

[67] Reports from the Select Committee of the House of Lords appointed to inquire into the progress of the building of the Houses of Parliament, and to report thereon to the house: together with the minutes of evidence taken before the said committee, PP. 1846 (719).

[68] First report from the select committee on new House of Commons, PP. 1850 (650, 650-II).

[69] Second Report from the Select Committee on Ventilation and Lighting of the House; together with the proceedings of the committee, minutes of evidence, appendix and index, PP. 1852 (402).

[70] Atkins, S. Elliott, Copy of the Memorial presented to Her Majesty’s Commissioners of Works and Public Buildings by the Clockmakers’ Company of London, respecting the great clock to be erected at the new Palace at Westminster; together with the answer thereto, PP. 1852 (415).

[71] Clocks (New Houses of Parliament), PP. 1852 (500).

[72] Clocks (New Houses of Parliament), PP. 1852 (500-I).

[73] Ventilation and lighting of the House committee. Report of the standing committee on the ventilating and lighting the House of Commons, PP. 1852–53 (570).

[74] First report from the select committee on ventilation of the House; together with the proceedings of the committee, and minutes of evidence, PP. 1854 (149).

[75] Second report from the select committee on ventilation of the House; with the minutes of evidence taken before them, PP. 1854 (270).

[76] Report from the select committee of the House of Lords, appointed to inquire into the possibility of improving the ventilation and the lighting of the House, and the contiguous chambers, galleries and passages; and to report thereon to the House, together with the minutes of evidence, and an appendix, PP. 1854 (384).

[77] Westminster New Palace. Copies of all papers and correspondence relating to the great clock and bells for the new Palace at Westminster (in continuation of Parliamentary Paper, no. 500, of session 1852), PP. 1854–5 (436).

[78] The Bell (new Palace, Westminster). Copy of reports on the condition of the great bell of the new Palace of Westminster, PP. 1860 (553).

[79] Cowper, William, Report of the committee on the decay of the stone of the new palace at Westminster, PP. 1861 (504).

[80] Architectural Magazine (1834–1838)

[81] Blackwood’s Edinburgh Magazine (1817–1905)

[82] The Bude Light (1841)

[83] Builder (1842–1966)

[84] Building News (1855–1926)

[85] Caledonian Mercury (1720–1867)

[86] The Civil Engineer and Architect’s Journal (1837–1868)

[87] Cornwall Royal Gazette, Falmouth Packet and Plymouth Journal (1801–1854)

[88] Edinburgh Review (1802–1929)

[89] The Friend of Africa; by the society for the extinction of the slave trade, and for the civilization of Africa (1841–1843)

[90] Hansard (1803–2005)

[91] Illustrated London News (1842–1900)

[92] John Bull (1820–1892)

[93] The Lady’s Newspaper (1847–1863)

[94] Literary Gazette and Journal of Belles Lettres, Arts, Sciences, &c. (1817–1860)

[95] Mechanics’ Magazine (1823–1872)

[96] The Mirror of Literature, Amusement, and Instruction (1822–1847)

[97] Morning Chronicle (1770–1865)

[98] Morning Post (1772–1937)

[99] The Musical World: a journal and record of science, criticism, literature, & intelligence, connected with the art (1836–1890)

[100] Pictorial Times (1843–1848)

[101] Preston Chronicle (1812–1854)

[102] Punch (1841–1992)

[103] Quarterly Review (1809–1967)

[104] St Paul’s Magazine (1867–1874)

[105] The Scotsman (1817–)

[106] The Times (1785–)

[107] Westminster Review (1824–1914)

The Victorian Palace of Science

Scientific Knowledge and the Building of the Houses of Parliament

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I. Manuscripts

Cambridge, Cambridgeshire

Edinburgh

Keyworth, Nottinghamshire

London

Oxford, Oxfordshire

II. State Papers

III. Periodicals

IV. Printed

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