Element contents
The Guarantee of Perpetual Peace
Published online by Cambridge University Press: 04 March 2020
Summary
This Element addresses three questions about Kant's guarantee thesis by examining the 'first addendum' of his Philosophical Sketch: how the guarantor powers interrelate, how there can be a guarantee without undermining freedom and why there is a guarantee in the first place. Kant's conception of an interplay of human and divine rational agency encompassing nature is crucial: on moral grounds, we are warranted to believe the 'world author' knew that if he were to bring about the world, the 'supreme' good would come about too. Perpetual peace is the condition that enables the supreme good to be realized in history.
Keywords
Information
- Type
- Element
- Information
- Online ISBN: 9781108529785Publisher: Cambridge University PressPrint publication: 26 March 2020
Bibliography
Ameriks, Karl (2006), Kant and the Historical Turn: Philosophy as Critical Interpretation (Oxford: Oxford University Press).Google Scholar
Anderson-Gold, Sharon (2012), “The Political Foundations of Prophetic History,” in Formosa, Paul, Goldman, Avery and Patrone, Tatiana (eds.), Politics and Teleology in Kant (Cardiff: University of Wales Press), 180–193.Google Scholar
Baiasu, Sorin (2018), “Kant’s Guarantee for Perpetual Peace: A Reinterpretation and Defence,” in Krasnoff, Larry, Madrid, Nuria Sánchez and Satne, Paula (eds.), Kant’s Doctrine of Right in the 21st Century (Cardiff: University of Wales Press), 181–200.Google Scholar
Baiasu, Sorin, Pihlström, Sami and Williams, Howard (eds.) (2011), Politics and Metaphysics in Kant (Cardiff: University of Wales Press).Google Scholar
Baumgarten, Alexander Gottlieb (2013), Metaphysics. A Critical Translation with Kant’s Elucidations, Selected Notes, and Related Materials. Translated and edited by Courtney D. Fugate and John Hymers (London and New York: Bloomsbury Academic).Google Scholar
Bouton, Christophe (2007), “Ist die Geschichtsphilosophie eine neue Theodizee?,” in Bienenstock, Myriam (ed.), Der Geschichtsbegriff: eine theologische Erfindung? (Würzburg: Königshausen und Neumann), 69–82.Google Scholar
Brandt, Reinhard (2013), “Ewiger Friede als Natur- und Vernunftzweck,” in Bacin, Stefano, et al. (eds.), Kant und die Philosophie in weltbürgerlicher Absicht. Akten des 11. Internationalen Kant-Kongresses, 2010 (Berlin and Boston, MA: De Gruyter), 127–145.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Byrd, B. Sharon and Hruschka, Joachim (2010), Kant’s Doctrine of Right: A Commentary (Cambridge: Cambridge University Press).Google Scholar
Caranti, Luigi (2012), “The Guarantee of Perpetual Peace: Three Concerns,” in Formosa, Paul, Goldman, Avery and Patrone, Tatiana (eds.), Politics and Teleology in Kant (Cardiff: University of Wales Press), 145–152.Google Scholar
Chignell, Andrew (2014), “Rational Hope, Possibility, and Divine Action,” in Michalson, Gordon E. (ed.), Religion within the Bounds of Mere Reason: A Critical Guide (Cambridge: Cambridge University Press), 98–117.Google Scholar
Chignell, Andrew. (2017), “Knowledge, Discipline, System, Hope: The Fate of Metaphysics in the Doctrine of Method,” in O’Shea, James (ed.), Kant’s Critique of Pure Reason: A Critical Guide (Cambridge: Cambridge University Press), 259–279.Google Scholar
Clewis, Robert R. (ed.) (2015), Reading Kant’s Lectures (Berlin and Boston: De Gruyter).Google Scholar
Craig, William Lane (1987), The Only Wise God: The Compatibility of Divine Foreknowledge and Human Freedom (reprinted ed. 2000; Eugene, OR: Wipf and Stock).Google Scholar
Dean, Howard (2012), “Perfected Humanity: Nature’s Final End and the End in Itself,” in Formosa, Paul, Goldman, Avery and Patrone, Tatiana (eds.), Politics and Teleology in Kant (Cardiff: Wales University Press), 228–244.Google Scholar
Deligiorgi, Katerina (2006), “The Role of the ‘Plan of Nature’ in Kant’s Account of History from a Philosophical Perspective,” British Journal for the History of Philosophy, 14 (3), 451–468.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Deligiorgi, Katerina. (2017), “The Philosopher as Legislator: Kant on History,” in Altman, Matthew C. (ed.), The Palgrave Kant Handbook (London: Palgrave Macmillan), 683–704.Google Scholar
DiCenso, James J. (2013), Kant, Religion, and Politics (Cambridge: Cambridge University Press).Google Scholar
Duplá, Leonardo Rodríguez (2016), “Die Kohärenz der Gnadenlehre im kantischen Denken,” Kant-Studien, 107 (2), 256–290.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Eberhard, Johann Georg and Kant, Immanuel (2016), Preparation for Natural Theology. With Kant’s Notes and the Danzig Rational Theology Transcript. Translated and edited with introduction and notes by Courtney D. Fugate and John Hymers (London and New York: Bloomsbury Academic).Google Scholar
Ertl, Wolfgang (1998), Kants Auflösung der “dritten Antinomie”. Zur Bedeutung des Schöpfungskonzepts für die Freiheitslehre (Freiburg and Munich: Verlag Karl Alber).Google Scholar
Ertl, Wolfgang.(2004), “Schöpfung und Freiheit. Ein kosmologischer Schlüssel zu Kants Kompatibilismus,” in Fischer, Norbert (ed.), Kants Metaphysik und Religionsphilosophie (Hamburg: Meiner), 43–76.Google Scholar
Ertl, Wolfgang.(2014), “‘Ludewig’ Molina and Kant’s Libertarian Compatibilism,” in Kaufmann, Matthias and Aichele, Alexander (eds.), A Companion to Luis de Molina (Boston and Leiden: Brill), 405–445.Google Scholar
Ertl, Wolfgang.(2016), “Die dritte Antinomie und die Unterscheidung von Dingen an sich und Erscheinungen bei Kant,” Nihon Kant Kenkyu, 18, 66–82.Google Scholar
Ertl, Wolfgang.(2017a), “Home of the Owl? Kantian Reflections on Philosophy at University,” Tetsugaku. International Journal of the Philosophical Association of Japan, 1, 107–123.Google Scholar
Ertl, Wolfgang.(2017b), “On Christopher Insole’s ‘Kant and the Creation of Freedom’,” Critique. https://virtualcritique.wordpress.com/2017/06/28/wolfgang-ertl-on-christopher-insoles-kant-and-the-creation-of-freedom/ (Accessed September 15, 2018).Google Scholar
Ertl, Wolfgang.(2018), “The Guarantee of Perpetual Peace in Kant: Remarks on the Relationship between Providence and Nature,” in Waibel, Violetta L., Ruffing, Margit and Wagner, David (eds.), Natur und Freiheit. Akten des XII. Internationalen Kant-Kongresses (IV; Berlin and Boston: De Gruyter), 2539–2548.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Fischer, John Martin (ed.) (1989), God, Foreknowledge, and Freedom (Stanford, CA: Stanford University Press).Google Scholar
Flikschuh, Katrin (2006), “Reason and Nature: Kant’s Teleological Argument in Perpetual Peace,” in Bird, Graham (ed.), A Companion to Kant (Chichester: Blackwell), 383–396.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Flint, Thomas P. (1998), Divine Providence: The Molinist Account (Ithaca, NY and London: Cornell University Press).Google Scholar
Flint, Thomas P. (2009), “Divine Providence,” in Flint, Thomas P. and Rea, Michael C. (eds.), The Oxford Handbook of Philosophical Theology (New York: Oxford University Press), 262–285.Google Scholar
Flint, Thomas P. (2011), “Whence and Whither the Molinist Debate: A Reply to Hasker,” in Perszyk, Ken (ed.), Molinism: The Contemporary Debate (New York: Oxford University Press), 37–49.Google Scholar
Förster, Eckhard (2009), “The hidden plan of nature,” in Rorty, Amélie Oksenberg and Schmidt, James (eds.), Kant’s Idea for a Universal History with a Cosmopolitan Aim (Cambridge, UK: Cambridge University Press), 187–199.Google Scholar
Freddoso, Alfred J. (1988a), “Introduction,” in de Molina, Luis, On Divine Foreknowledge: Part IV of the Concordia (Ithaca, NY and London: Cornell University Press), 1–81.Google Scholar
Freddoso, Alfred J. (1988b), “Medieval Aristotelianism and the Case against Secondary Causation in Nature,” in Morris, Thomas V. (ed.), Divine and Human Action. Essays in the Metaphysics of Theism (Ithaca, NY and London: Cornell University Press), 74–118.Google Scholar
Freddoso, Alfred J. (1991), “God’s General Concurrence with Secondary Causes: Why Conservation is not Enough?,” Philosophical Perspectives, 5, 553–585.Google Scholar
Freddoso, Alfred J. (1994), “God’s General Concurrence with Secondary Causes: Pitfalls and Prospects,” American Catholic Philosophical Quarterly, 67, 131–156.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Freddoso, Alfred J. (2002), “Introduction,” in Suarez, Francisco, On Creation, Conservation and Concurrence (South Bend, IN: St Augustine’s Press), xi–cxxiii.Google Scholar
Friedman, Michael (1992), “Metaphysical Foundations of Newtonian Science,” in Friedman, Michael (ed.), Kant and the Exact Sciences (Cambridge, MA and London: Harvard University Press), 136–164.Google Scholar
Frierson, Patrick (2007), “Providence and Divine Mercy in Kant’s Ethical Cosmopolitanism,” Faith and Philosophy, 24 (2), 144–164.Google Scholar
Gerhardt, Volker (1999), Immanuel Kants Entwurf “Zum ewigen Frieden”: Eine Theorie der Politik (Darmstadt: Wissenschaftliche Buchgesellschaft).Google Scholar
Guyer, Paul (2006), “The Possibility of Perpetual Peace,” in Caranti, Luigi (ed.), Perpetual Peace: New Interpretative Essays (Rome: Luiss University Press), 143–163.Google Scholar
Guyer, Paul.(2011), “Kantian Communities: The Realm of Ends, the Ethical Community, and the Highest Good,” in Payne, Charlton and Thorpe, Lucas (eds.), Kant and the Concept of Community (Rochester, NY: University of Rochester Press), 88–120.Google Scholar
Hasker, William (2011), “The (Non-)Existence of Molinist Counterfactuals,” in Perszyk, Ken (ed.), Molinism. The Contemporary Debate (New York: Oxford University Press), 25–36.Google Scholar
Hasker, William, Basinger, David and Dekker, Eef (eds.) (2000), Middle Knowledge: Theory and Applications (Frankfurt/M: Peter Lang).Google Scholar
Hegel, Georg Wilhelm, Friedrich (2010), The Science of Logic. Translated by George di Giovanni (Cambridge: Cambridge University Press).Google Scholar
Hidalgo, Oliver (2012), Kants Friedensschrift und der Theorienstreit in den internationalen Beziehungen (Wiesbaden: Verlag für Sozial-wissenschaften).Google Scholar
Hoesch, Matthias (2014), Vernunft und Vorsehung: Säkularisierte Eschatologie in Kants Religions- und Geschichtsphilosophie (Berlin and Boston: De Gruyter).Google Scholar
Höffe, Otfried (2004), “Weltrepublik oder Völkerbund?,” in Höffe, Otfried (ed.), Immanuel Kant: Zum ewigen Frieden (Berlin: Akademie-Verlag), 77–93.Google Scholar
Hogan, Desmond (2014), “Kant on Foreknowledge of Contingent Truths,” Res Philosophica, 91 (1), 47–70.Google Scholar
Hogan, Desmond.(forthcoming), “Kant’s Theory of Divine and Secondary Causation,” in Look, Brandon (ed.), Leibniz and Kant (New York: Oxford University Press).Google Scholar
Hübener, W (1989), “Praedeterminatio physica,” in Ritter, Joachim and Gründer, Karlfried (eds.), Historisches Wörterbuch der Philosophie (7; Basel: Schwabe), 1216–1225.Google Scholar
Insole, Christopher J. (2015), Kant and the Creation of Freedom: A Theological Problem (Oxford: Oxford University Press).Google Scholar
Ion, Dora (2012), Kant and International Relations Theory: Cosmopolitan Community-building (London and New York: Routledge).Google Scholar
Kant, Immanuel (1796), Zum ewigen Frieden: Ein philosophischer Entwurf. Neue vermehrte Auflage (Königsberg: Nicolovius).Google Scholar
Kant, Immanuel. (1992), Theoretical Philosophy, 1755–1770. Translated and edited by David Walford in collaboration with Ralf Meerbote (Cambridge: Cambridge University Press).Google Scholar
Kant, Immanuel.(1996a), Practical Philosophy. Translated and edited by Gregor, Mary J.. General Introduction by Allen Wood (Cambridge: Cambridge University Press).Google Scholar
Kant, Immanuel.(1996b), Religion and Natural Theology. Translated and edited by Wood, Allen W. and di Giovanni, George (Cambridge: Cambridge University Press).Google Scholar
Kant, Immanuel.(1998), Critique of Pure Reason. Translated by Guyer, Paul and Wood, Allen W. (Cambridge: Cambridge University Press).Google Scholar
Kant, Immanuel.(2001), Critique of the Power of Judgement. Edited by Guyer, Paul, translated by Paul Guyer and Eric Matthews (Cambridge: Cambridge University Press).Google Scholar
Kant, Immanuel.(2005), Notes and Fragments. Edited by Guyer, Paul, translated by Curtis Bowman, Paul Guyer and Frederick Rauscher (Cambridge: Cambridge University Press).Google Scholar
Kant, Immanuel. (2007), Anthropology, History, and Education. Edited by Louden, Robert B. and Zöller, Günter, translated by Mary J. Gregor et al. (Cambridge: Cambridge University Press).Google Scholar
Kaufmann, Matthias and Aichele, Alexander (2014), A Companion to Luis de Molina (Boston, MA and Leiden: Brill).Google Scholar
Kleingeld, Pauline (2001), “Nature or Providence? On the Theoretical and Moral Importance of Kant’s Philosophy of History,” American Catholic Philosophical Quarterly, 75 (2), 201–219.Google Scholar
Kleingeld, Pauline. (2004), “Approaching Perpetual Peace: Kant’s Defence of a League of States and His Ideal of a World Federation,” European Journal of Philosophy, 12, 304–325.Google Scholar
Kleingeld, Pauline.(2012), Kant and Cosmopolitanism: The Philosophical Ideal of World Citizenship (Cambridge: Cambridge University Press).Google Scholar
Lehner, Ulrich (2007), Kants Vorsehungskonzept auf dem Hintergrund der deutschen Schulphilosophie und -theologie (Leiden: Brill).Google Scholar
Lloyd, Genevieve (2009), “Providence as Progress: Kant’s variations on a tale of origins,” in Rorty, Amélie Oksenberg and Schmidt, James (eds.), Kant’s Idea for a Universal History with a Cosmopolitan Aim: A Critical Guide (Cambridge: Cambridge University Press), 200–215.Google Scholar
Loux, Michael J. (2006), Metaphysics: A Contemporary Introduction, 3rd ed. (London and New York: Routledge).Google Scholar
Ludwig, Bernd (2005), “Zum Frieden verurteilt? Was ‘garantiert’ die Natur in Kants Traktat vom Ewigen Frieden?,” Jahrbuch für Recht und Ethik, 13, 275–286.Google Scholar
Ludwig, Bernd. (2015), “‘Die Kritik der reinen Vernunft hat die Wirklichkeit der Freiheit nicht bewiesen, ja nicht einmal deren Möglichkeit’: Über die folgenreiche Fehlinterpretation eines Absatzes in der Kritik der reinen Vernunft,” Kant-Studien (106), 398–417.Google Scholar
MacGregor, Kirk R. (2015), Luis de Molina: Life and Theology of the Founder of Middle Knowledge (Grand Rapids, MI: Zondervan).Google Scholar
Mackie, John L. (1974), The Cement of the Universe: A study of causation (Oxford: Clarendon).Google Scholar
Mertens, Thomas (1995), “Zweckmäßigkeit der Natur und politische Philosophie bei Kant,” Zeitschrift für philosophische Forschung, 49 (2): 220–240.Google Scholar
Molina, Ludovici (1953), Liberi arbitrii cum gratiae donis, divina praescientia, providentia, praedestinatione et reprobatione Concordia. Ed. crit. cur. Iohannes Rabeneck S.I. (Oniae, Matriti).Google Scholar
Molina, Luis de (1988): On Divine Foreknowledge: Part IV of the Concordia. Translated, with an introduction and notes, by Freddoso, Alfred J.. (Ithaca, NY and London: Cornell University Press)Google Scholar
Molloy, Seán (2017), Kant’s International Relations: The Political Theology of Perpetual Peace (Ann Arbor, MI: University of Michigan Press).Google Scholar
Moore, Jennifer (1992), “Kant’s ethical community,” The Journal of Value Inquiry, 26 (1), 51–71.Google Scholar
Moran, Kate A. (2012), Community and Progress in Kant’s Moral Philosophy (Washington, DC: Catholic University of America Press).Google Scholar
Muchnik, Pablo and Pasternack, Lawrence (2017), “A Guide to Kant’s Treatment of Grace,” Con-Textos Kantianos, 6. https://www.con-textoskantianos.net/index.php/revista/article/ view/292 (Accessed September 15, 2018).Google Scholar
Palmquist, Stephen R. (2009), “Kant’s Religious Argument for the Existence of God: The Ultimate Dependence of Human Destiny on Divine Assistance,” Faith and Philosophy, 26 (1), 3–22.Google Scholar
Palmquist, Steven R. (2017), “Kant’s Model for Building the True Church: Transcending ‘Might Makes Right’ and ‘Should Makes Good’ through the Idea of a Non-Coercive Theocracy,” Diametros, 54, 76–94.Google Scholar
Pasternack, Lawrence (2014), Routledge Philosophy Guidebook to Kant on Religion within the Boundaries of Mere Reason (London and New York: Routledge).Google Scholar
Pasternack, Lawrence.(2017), “Restoring Kant’s Conception of the Highest Good,” Journal of the History of Philosophy, 55 (3), 435–468.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Pereboom, Derk (2006), “Kant on Transcendental Freedom,” Philosophy and Phenomenological Research, LXXIII (3), 537–567.Google Scholar
Perszyk, Ken (2011a), “Introduction,” in Perszyk, Ken (ed.), Molinism: The Contemproary Debate (New York: Oxford University Press), 1–25.Google Scholar
Perszyk, Ken (ed.) (2011b), Molinism: The Contemporary Debate (New York: Oxford University Press).Google Scholar
Piro, Francesco (2014), “The Philosophical Impact of Molinism in the 17th Century,” in Kaufmann, Matthias and Aichele, Alexander (eds.), A Companion to Luis de Molina (Leiden and Boston: Brill), 365–403.Google Scholar
Pogge, Thomas (2009), “Kant’s Vision of a Just World Order,” in Hill, Thomas E. Jr. (ed.), The Blackwell Guide to Kant’s Ethics (Chichester: Wiley-Blackwell), 196–208.Google Scholar
Reath, Andrews (1988), “Two Conceptions of the Highest Good in Kant,” Journal of the History of Philosophy, 26 (4), 593–619.Google Scholar
Rosefeldt, Tobias (2012), “Kants Kompatibilismus,” in Hahmann, Andree, Brandhorst, Mario and Ludwig, Bernd (eds.), Sind wir Bürger zweier Welten? Freiheit und moralische Verantwortung im transzendentalen Idealismus (Hamburg: Meiner), 77–109.Google Scholar
Rossi, Philip J. (2019), The Ethical Commonwealth in History (Cambridge: Cambridge University Press).Google Scholar
de Aquino, Sancti Thomae (2000), Opera omnia recognovit ac instruxit Enrique Alarcón automato electronico Pampilonae ad Universitatis Studiorum Navarrensis aedes. http://www.corpusthomisticum.org/iopera.html/ (Accessed October 30, 2018).Google Scholar
Silber, John R. (1959), “Kant’s Conception of the Highest Good as Immanent and Transcendent,” Philosophical Review, 68 (4), 469–492.Google Scholar
Taylor, Robert S. (2010), “Kant’s Political Religion: The Transparency of Perpetual Peace and the Highest Good,” The Review of Politics, 72 (1), 1–24.Google Scholar
Zagzebski, Trinkaus, Linda, (1991), The Dilemma of Freedom and Foreknowledge (New York and Oxford: Oxford University Press).Google Scholar
Vilhauer, Benjamin (2004), “Can We Interpret Kant as a Compatibilist about Determinism and Moral Responsibility?,” British Journal for the History of Philosophy, 12 (4), 719–730.Google Scholar
Watkins, Eric (2005), Kant and the Metaphysics of Causality (Cambridge: Cambridge University Press).Google Scholar
Watkins, Eric.(2014b), “What is, for Kant, a Law of Nature?,” Kant-Studien, 105 (4), 471–490.Google Scholar
Watkins, Eric.(2017), “Kant on the Unity and Diversity of Laws,” in Massimi, Michela and Breitenbach, Angela (eds.), Kant and the Laws of Nature (Cambridge: Cambridge University Press), 11–29.Google Scholar
Wierenga, Edward (2011), “Tilting at Molinism,” in Perszyk, Ken (ed.), Molinism: The Contemporary Debate (New York: Oxford University Press), 118–139.Google Scholar
Willaschek, Marcus (1992), Praktische Vernunft: Handlungstheorie und Moralbegründung bei Kant (Stuttgart and Weimar: Metzler).Google Scholar
Willaschek, Marcus.(2016), “Must We Believe in the Realizability of Our Ends? On a Premise of Kant’s Argument for the Postulates of Pure Practical Reason,” in Höwing, Thomas (ed.), The Highest Good in Kant’s Philosophy (Berlin and Boston: De Gruyter), 223–244.Google Scholar
Williams, Howard (1996), International Relations and the Limits of Political Theory (Basingstoke: Palgrave Macmillan).CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Williams, Howard.(2011), “Metaphysical and not just Political,” in Baiasu, Sorin, Pihlström, Sami and Williams, Howard (eds.), Politics and Metaphysics in Kant (Cardiff: University of Wales Press), 215–232.Google Scholar
Wood, Allen W. (1984), “Kant’s Compatibilism,” in Wood, Allen W. (ed.), Self and Nature in Kant’s Philosophy (Ithaca, NY and London: Cornell University Press), 73–101.Google Scholar
Wood, Allen W. (1999), Kant’s Ethical Thought (Cambridge: Cambridge University Press).Google Scholar
Wood, Allen W. (2000), “Religion, Ethical Community and the Struggle against Evil,” Faith and Philosophy, 17 (4), 498–511.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Wood, Allen W. (2006), “Kant’s Philosophy of History,” in Kleingeld, Pauline (ed.), Immanuel Kant: Toward Perpetual Peace and Other Writings on Politics, Peace, and History, translated by David. L. Colclasure (New Haven and London: Yale University Press), 243–262.Google Scholar
Yovel, Yirmiahu (1980), Kant and the Philosophy of History (Princeton, NJ: Princeton University Press).Google Scholar
Ypi, Lea (2010), “Natura daedala rerum? On the Justification of Historical Progress in Kant’s Guarantee of Perpetual Peace,” Kantian Review, 14 (2), 118–148.Google Scholar
Zöller, Günter (2016), “ ‘The Supersensible … in Us, above Us and after Us’: The Critical Conception of the Highest Good in Kant’s Practico-Dogmatic Metaphysics,” in Höwing, Thomas (ed.), The Highest Good in Kant’s Philosophy (Berlin and Boston: De Gruyter), 263–280.Google Scholar
Accessibility standard: Unknown
Why this information is here
This section outlines the accessibility features of this content - including support for screen readers, full keyboard navigation and high-contrast display options. This may not be relevant for you.Accessibility Information
Accessibility compliance for the HTML of this Element is currently unknown
and may be updated in the future.
- 7
- Cited by