Hostname: page-component-74656f9884-6grmk Total loading time: 0 Render date: 2026-11-04T15:40:23.033Z Has data issue: false hasContentIssue false
  • English
  • Français

Capturing requirements for tiltrotor handling qualities – case studies in virtual engineering

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  03 February 2016

G. D. Padfield
G. D. Padfield*
Affiliation:
Department of Engineering, The University of Liverpool, Liverpool, UK
Rights & Permissions [Opens in a new window]

Abstract

Core share and HTML view are not available for this content. However, as you have access to this content, a full PDF is available via the 'Save PDF' action button.

Handling qualities are expressed as requirements at the interface of the pilot and the machine. In this way, the key functionality questions facing the design engineer are seen from the perspective of the interaction of the human pilot with the aircraft system and the environment in which it operates. In this paper, the author takes a ‘virtual engineering’ approach to handling qualities, emphasising the importance of conducting ‘requirements capture’ and preliminary design as an iterative process. When stretched capabilities are required, this approach minimises the risk to finding appropriate technology solutions, through developing explicit relationships between capability and design parameters, thus facilitating fully informed trade studies and predictions. Case studies from the development of a civil tiltrotor aircraft are presented that show how the difficult challenges facing the designer first need to be structured in terms of HQ predictions and assignments. This then provides the basis on which handling qualities improvements can be constructed within the multidisciplinary context of rotorcraft engineering.

Information

Type
Research Article
Information
The Aeronautical Journal , Volume 112 , Issue 1134 , August 2008 , pp. 433 - 448
Copyright
Copyright © Royal Aeronautical Society 2008 

References

1. Anon, , Systems Engineering Handbook, 2006, Version 3, International Council for Systems Engineering (INCOSE), INCOSE.Google Scholar
2. http://www.vivaceproject.com, 2007, EC Framework 6 project VIVACE (value improvement through a virtual aeronautical collaborative enterprise) website.Google Scholar
3. Jackson, M., System Development, 1983, Prentice-Hall, London Google Scholar
4. Padfield, G.D. and Bradley, R., In-flight simulation of high agility through active control – taming complexity by design, January 1993, AHS/NASA specialist conference on Piloting Vertical Flight Aircraft; Flying Qualities and Human Factors, San Fransisco.Google Scholar
5. Cooper, G.E. and Harper, R.P., The use of pilot rating in the evaluation of aircraft handling qualities, April 1969, NASA Technical Note, TN D-5153.Google Scholar
6. Anon, , Aeronautical design standard performance specification, handling qualities requirements for military rotorcraft, March 2000, ADS-33E-PRF, United States Army and Missile Command, Aviation Engineering Directorate, Redstone Arsenal, AL, USA.Google Scholar
7. Padfield, G.D., Helicopter Flight Dynamics, June 2007, Second edition, Blackwell Science, Oxford, UK, US edition published by AIAA.Google Scholar
8. Padfield, G.D., The making of helicopter flying qualities: a requirements perspective, Aeronaut J, October-December 1998, 102, (1018), pp 409–43 Google Scholar
9. Meyer, M. and Padfield, G.D., First steps in the development of handling qualities criteria for a civil tiltrotor, J American Helicopter Soc, January 2005, 50, (1), pp 33–46.Google Scholar
10. Rollet, P., Rhilp – A major step for European knowledge in tiltrotor aeromechanics and flight dynamics, 29-31 January 2001, Aeronautics Days, Hamburg, Germany.Google Scholar
11. Maisel, M.D., Giulianetti, D.J. and Dugan, D.C., The history of the XV-15 research aircraft – from concept to flight, 2000, NASA, SP-2000-4517.Google Scholar
12. Dunford, P., V-22 lessons learned, May 2003, 59th Annual Forum of the American Helicopter Society, Phoenix, AZ.Google Scholar
13. Miller, D., et al, V-22 roll on deck control law design, May 2006, 62nd Annual Forum of the AHS, Pheonix, AZ.Google Scholar
14. Gaffey, T.M., BA609 tiltrotor regulatory requirements, 28 September 2000, European Helicopter Association Symposium, The Hague, The Netherlands.Google Scholar
15. King, D., et al. A systems engineering approach to carefree maneuvering in the BA609, 1–3 June 2005, American Helicopter Society 61st Annual Forum, Grapevine, TX.Google Scholar
16. Renaud, J., Huber, H. and Venn, G., The EuroFAR program – A European overview on advanced VTOL civil transportation system, 24-26 September 1991, 17th European Rotorcraft Forum, Berlin, Germany.Google Scholar
17. Nannoni, F., Giancamilli, G. and Cicale, M., Erica: The European Advanced Tiltrotor, September 2001, 27th European Rotorcraft Forum, Moscow.Google Scholar
18. Padfield, G.D. and White, M.D., Flight simulation in academia; HELIFLIGHT in its first year of operation, Aeronaut J, September 2003, 107, (1075), pp 529–538 Google Scholar
19. Cameron, N., Perfect, P., Padfield, G.D. and Walker, D., Unified tiltrotor handling qualities; feasible or impracticable? Part I: setting the challenge, September 2007, 33rd European Rotorcraft Forum, Kazan, Russia.Google Scholar
20. Perfect, P., Cameron, N., Padfield, G.D. and Walker, D., Unified tiltrotor handling qualities; feasible or impracticable? Part II: Control Concepts, 33rd European Rotorcraft Forum, September 2007, Kazan, Russia.Google Scholar
21. Padfield, G.D., Brookes, V. and Meyer, M., Progress in civil tiltrotor handling qualities, J American Helicopter Soc, January 2006, 50, (1), pp 80–91.Google Scholar
22. Cameron, N., and Padfield, G.D., Tiltrotor pitch/flight-path handling qualities revisited, May 2007, American Helicopter Society 63rd Annual Forum, Virginia Beach, VA.Google Scholar
23. Gibson, J.C., Development of a methodology for excellence in handling qualities design for fly-by-wire aircraft, 1999, Control and Simulation, 6, Series 03, Delft University Press, Delft.Google Scholar
24. Anon, , Guidelines and methods for conducting the safety assessment process on civil airborne systems and equipment, December 1996, SAE Aerospace Recommended Practice, ARP 4761, Society of Automotive Engineers, Warrendale, PA.Google Scholar
25. Rollet, P., Guidelines for failure transients, July 2006, private communication, also minutes of the first WP1/WP2 Task 2.3 meeting of ACT-TILT project, 6–7 June 2002, University of Liverpool, ACT-TILT/EC/WP.Google Scholar