¹ Lowenthal, M. F., ‘Towards a Sociopsychological Theory of Change in Adulthood and Old Age’, Chapter 6 in Birren, J. E. and Schaie, K. W. (eds), Handbook of the Psychology of Aging, Van Nostrand Reinhold, New York, 1977.Google Scholar

² Swartz, J. D., ‘From the Womb to the Tomb: the Current Approach in Devel-opmental Psychology’, Journal of Biological Psychology, 21, 1979, pp. 46–9.Google Scholar

³ Kastenbaum, R., Humans Developing: a Life Span Approach, Allyn-Bacon, Boston, 1979.Google Scholar

⁴ Kimmel, D., Adulthood and Aging, Wiley, New York, 1974.Google Scholar

⁵ Lugo, J. O. and Hershey, G. L., Human Development: a Psychological, Biological and Sociological Approach to the Life Span, Macmillan, New York, 1979.Google Scholar

⁶ de Beauvoir, S., La Viellesse, Gallimard, Paris, 1970.Google Scholar

⁷ Drever, J., A Dictionary of Psychology, Penguin, Harmondsworth, 1952.Google Scholar

⁸ Erikson, E., Childhood and Society, Hogarth, London, 1965.Google Scholar

⁹ Kohlberg, L., ‘Stage and Sequence’, Chapter in Goslin, D. (ed.), Handbook of Socialisation Theory and Research, Rand McNally, Chicago, 1969.Google Scholar

¹⁰ Piaget, J., ‘Psychology and Philosophy’, Chapter in Wolman, B. B. (ed.), Scientific Psychology, Basic Books, New York, 1965.Google Scholar

¹¹ Loevinger, J., ‘The Meaning and Measurement of Ego Development’, American Psychologist, 21, 1966, pp. 195–206.CrossRefGoogle Scholar

¹² Cumming, E. and Henry, W. E., Growing Old: the Process of Disengagement, Basic Books, New York, 1961.Google Scholar

¹³ Hochschild, A. R., ‘Disengagement Theory: a Critique and Proposal’, American Sociological Review, 40, 1975, pp. 553–69.CrossRefGoogle Scholar

¹⁴ Kitchener, R. F., ‘Epigenesis: the Role of Biological Models in Developmental Psychology’, Human Development, 21, 1978, pp. 141–60.CrossRefGoogle Scholar

¹⁵ Bonner, J. T., Size and Cycle, Princeton University Press, 1965.CrossRefGoogle Scholar

¹⁶ Fishbein, H. D., Evolution, Development, and Children's Learning, Goodyear, Santa Monica, 1976.Google Scholar

¹⁷ Waddington, C. H., The Nature of Life, George Allen and Unwin, London, 1963.Google Scholar

¹⁸ Bertanalaffy, L. von, Problems of Life, Watts, 1952.Google Scholar

¹⁹ Kohlberg, L., ‘Stages and Aging in moral development’, The Gerontologist 13, 1973, 497–502.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed

²⁰ Kurtines, W. and Grief, E., ‘The Development of Moral Thought: Review and Evaluation of Kohlberg's Approach’, Psychological Bulletin, 81, 1974, 453–70.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed

²¹ Braun, C. M. J. and Baribeau, J. M. C., ‘Subjective Idealism in Kohlberg's Theory of Moral Development: a Critical Analysis’, Human Development, 21, pp. 129–41.Google Scholar

²² Simpson, E. L., ‘Moral Development Research: a Case study in Scientific Cultural Bias’, Human Development, 18, 1975, 50–64.Google Scholar

²³ Sullivan, E. V. ‘A Study of Kohlberg's Structural Theory of Moral Development: a Critique of Liberal Social Science Ideology’, Human Development, 20, 1977, pp. 352–76.CrossRefGoogle Scholar

²⁴ Kohlberg, L., ‘The Child as Moral Philosopher’, Psychology Today, 2, 1968, pp. 25–30.Google Scholar

²⁵ Bower, T. G. R., Human Development, W. H. Freeman, San Francisco, 1979.Google Scholar

²⁶ Riegel, K. F. and Riegel, R. M., ‘Development, Drop and Death’, Developmental Psychology, 6, 1977, pp. 306–19.CrossRefGoogle Scholar

²⁷ Berrill, N. J., Biology in action, Heinemann, London, 1967.Google Scholar

²⁸ Vygotsky, L. S., Unpublished notes quoted in El'konin, D. B., ‘Towards the Problem of Stages in the Mental Development of the Child’, Chapter in Soviet Psychology, (ed.) Cole, M. Sharpe, 1977.Google Scholar

²⁹ Medawar, P., Chapter in Ayala, F. J. and Dobzansky, T. (eds), Studies in the Philosophy of Biology, Macmillan, London, 1974.Google Scholar

³⁰ Thompson, D'Arcy, On Growth and Form, Cambridge University Press, 1942.Google Scholar

³¹ Koestler, A., The Act of Creation, Hutchinson, London, 1964.Google Scholar

³² Michel, G. F. and Moore, C. L., Biological Perspectives in Developmental Psychology, Brooks Cole, 1978.Google Scholar

³³ Kierkegaard, S., The Sickness unto Death, Oxford University Press, 1944.Google Scholar

³⁴ Kahn, J. H., Job's Illness, Pergamon, London, 1976.Google Scholar

³⁵ Riegel, K. F., ‘Dialectic Operations: the Final Period of Cognitive Development’, Human Development, 16, 1973, pp. 346–70.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed

³⁶ Flavell, J., Chapter in Goulet, L. R. and Baltes, (eds), Life Span Developmental Psychology: Research and Theory, Academic Press, New York, 1970.Google Scholar

³⁷ Neugarten, B. L., ‘Time, Age and the Life Cycle’, American Journal of Psychiatry, 136: 7, 1979, pp. 887–94.Google ScholarPubMed

³⁸ Riegel, K. F., ‘Influence of Economic and Political Ideologies on the Development of Developmental psychology’, Psychological Bulletin, 78, 1972, pp. 129–41.CrossRefGoogle Scholar

³⁹ Jung, C. G., ‘The Undiscovered Self’, in the collected collected works, vol. 10, Civilisation in Transition, Routledge and Kegan Paul, London, 1964.Google Scholar

⁴⁰ Jung, C. G., ‘The Stages of Life’, in the collected works, vol. 8, The Structure and Dynamics of the Psyche, Routledge and Kegan Paul, London, 1964.Google Scholar

⁴¹ Jung, C. G., On the Nature of the Psyche, Bollingen, Princeton, 1960.CrossRefGoogle Scholar

⁴² Shakespeare, W., King Lear.Google Scholar

⁴³ Berger, P. L., Facing up to Modernity, Penguin, Harmondsworth, 1979.Google Scholar

⁴⁴ Thorn, R., Chapter in Waddington, C. (ed.), Towards a Theoretical Biology 4, Edinburgh U.P., 1972.Google Scholar

⁴⁵ Thom, R., Structural Stability and Morphogenesis, Benjamin, 1975.Google Scholar

⁴⁶ Zeeman, E. C., ‘Catastrophe Theory’, Scientific American, 234, 1976, pp. 65–83.CrossRefGoogle Scholar

⁴⁷ McCulloch, A. W., A Positive Approach to Psycho-Social Change in Old Age, Paper given at the annual conference of the British Psychological Society, Social Section, Guildford, 1979.Google Scholar

⁴⁸ Clayton, V., ‘Erikson's Theory of Human Development as it Applies to the Aged: Wisdom as Contradictive Cognition’, Human Development, 18, 1975, pp. 119–28.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed

⁴⁹ Needham, J., ‘The Biologist's View of Whitehead’, in Schilpp, P. A. (ed.), The Philosophy of Alfred North Whitehead, Northwestern University Press, 1941.Google Scholar

⁵⁰ Heim, A., Intelligence and Personality, Penguin, Harmondsworth, 1970.Google Scholar

⁵¹ Stewart, I., ‘The Seven Elementary Catastrophes’, New Scientist, 1975, pp. 447–54.Google Scholar

⁵² Groves Music Dictionary.

⁵³ Parmet, S., The Symphonies of Sibelius, Cassell, London, 1959.Google Scholar

⁵⁴ Whittal, A., ‘Sibelius’ 8th Symphony’, The Music Review, 25, 1964, p. 117.Google Scholar

⁵⁵ Waterhouse, J. C. G., ‘Sibelius and the Twentieth Century’, Musical Times, 106, 1965, pp. 939–41.CrossRefGoogle Scholar

⁵⁶ Merriam, S., ‘The Concept and Function of Reminiscence: a Review of the Research’, The Gerontologist, 20, 1980, pp. 604–9.CrossRefGoogle Scholar

⁵⁷ Neugarten, B. L. and assoc., Personality in Middle and Late Life, Atherton, New York, 1964.Google Scholar

⁵⁸ Neugarten, B. L. (ed.), Middle Age and Aging, University of Chicago Press, 1968.Google ScholarPubMed

⁵⁹ Gould, R., Transformations, Simon and Schuster, New York, 1978.Google Scholar

⁶⁰ Miller, L., ‘Toward a Classification of Aging Behaviours’, The Gerontologist, 9, 1979, pp. 283–90.CrossRefGoogle Scholar

⁶¹ Levinson, D. J. et al. , The Seasons of a Man's Life, Knopf, New York, 1978.Google Scholar

⁶² Butler, R., ‘The Life Review: an Interpretation of Reminiscence in Old Age’, Psychiatry, 26, 1963, 65–76.CrossRefGoogle Scholar

⁶³ Coleman, P., The Role of the Past in Adaptation to Old Age, University of London Ph.D. thesis, 1972.Google Scholar

⁶⁴ Havighurst, R. J., ‘History of Developmental Psychology’, Chapter in Life Span Developmental Psychology: Personality and Socialization, (eds) Bakes, P. B. and Schaie, , Academic Press, New York, 1973.Google Scholar

⁶⁵ Sheehy, G., Passages, E. P. Dutton, New York, 1974.Google Scholar

⁶⁶ Nicholson, J., Seven Ages, Fontana, London, 1980.Google Scholar