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Le monde du carnaval

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  25 May 2018

Daniel Fabre*
Affiliation:
Toulouse III

Extract

Un livre important à bien des égards vient de paraître. Il a pour lui l'originalité d'avoir été d'abord dit dans un entretien radiophonique libre sans se parer des fastes rhétoriques de la démonstration universitaire ; il n'en est que meilleur. Cl. Gaignebet parla, M. C. Florentin a « mis en forme », et cette parole transcrite ne manque pas, par l'ampleur des révélations qu'elle suggère, d'évoquer l'oracle. La métaphore du voyage vient sous la plume de Cl. Mettra dans la préface où il désigne le discours de Gaignebet, en termes quelque peu lyriques, comme un parcours quasi-initiatique dans la pensée paysanne ; c'est en effet à un périple inachevé parmi les lieux — les topiques — du Carnaval que l'auteur nous invite ; le chapitre introductif, le chapitre final, le résumé au verso du volume nous livrent la direction générale et les étapes essentielles du trajet.

Summmary

Summmary

In this critical note, the author has tried to organize the profusion of ideas which Claude Gaignebet setsforth in Le Carnaval (Paris, 1974). He first identifies three major methods of analysis: the use of calendars, of mythologies and of ritual, ail of which converge to elucidate the Carnaval themes.

In passing, I would like to say that, with regard to specific examples, the breadth of the field covered by C. G. is greatly appreciated. On encounters saints' lives, tales from oral tradition, legends surrounding place names, and descriptions or depictions of rituals scattered throughout the history of the Western World.

The open-minded, comparative method is fortunately unlike the methods of a certain folklore-by-category, but it does have its limits and dangers : in particular, the too rapid negation of the spacio-temporal dimension which results in not grasping the different socio-cultural contexts of the Carnaval; the analysis of meaning from a purely empirical point of view; the failure to treat things symbolic. It may seem tempting to reduce the immense Carnaval complex to a hierarchically arrangea religion, but it is inexact and perhaps even anachronistic.

The accompanying illustrations show scènes which are too often left to the imagination: contemporary carnavals of Languedoc and Catalonia; these lend reality to Gaignebet's analysis of the high points of the rite.

Information

Type
Les Domaines de l'Histoire
Copyright
Copyright © Les Éditions de l'EHESS 1976

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