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Vu de Kudus : l'Islam à Java

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  25 May 2018

Marcel Bonneff*
Affiliation:
C.N.R.S.

Extract

L'Indonésie, que les chiffres officiels désignent comme le premier pays islamique par sa population, n'en est pas moins considérée dans l'ensemble musulman comme un cas quelque peu périphérique, voire atypique. A cela quelques explications : bien sûr, son éloignement par rapport au foyer moyenoriental, d'où l'écho des crises actuelles que l'Islam traverse ne parvient qu'assourdi, même si le Monde malais dans son ensemble se signale, depuis la fin du XIXe siècle, par un des plus forts contingents, extérieurs à l'Arabie, de pèlerins se rendant à La Mekke, et nonobstant aussi le développement présent des échanges économiques dû à la rente pétrolière. Éloignement qui justifierait certaines singularités par rapport à la grande tradition coranique, moins bien toutefois que ne peuvent le faire la spécificité historique de l'islamisation dans l'Archipel insulindien et son caractère somme toute récent.

Summary

Summary

In Kudus, a small town on the north coast of central Java, the pious Muslims of the old quarter of "Minaret" constitute an original type of community. These santri exhibit an archaic devotion to their "saint" which represents a testimony to the strong historic consciousness specifie to this region (the Pasisir) where the islamization of Java began in the 15th century. It is from this group that the first manufacturer of krètèk (cigarettes with cloves) originated, who made Kudus into a bastion of the "indigenous" economy at the time of Dutch colonization. Little by little, entrepreneurs of Chinese extraction were able to usurp the control over this production because the santri were not sufficiently well organized, nor did they possess — beyond a common religious ideal — an effective class consciousness.

The case of Kudus provides us with a view of Islam which is somewhat different from that to which we are accustomed— Le., one which makes global judgments for all Javanese regions as viewed from the principal centers of the island in which the model is excessively "Javanized". In the case of Kudus one has a greater appreciation of the specific role and its limits.

Information

Type
Les Formes du Social
Copyright
Copyright © Les Éditions de l’EHESS 1980

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