VIII.The Town and Castle of Conway

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doi:10.1017/S026134090001540X

VIII.The Town and Castle of Conway

Published online by Cambridge University Press: 19 July 2011

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Conway occupies a position of great natural strength and, from a medieval standpoint, of great military importance. It is defended on the one side by the River Conway, here a wide estuary, on the other by the mountains of Snowdonia; and in the middle ages it commanded the road from England into the Welsh strongholds of Gwynedd. It might be thought that the strategic value of such a site would be recognized at an early period, but there is no evidence of its military or communal occupation before the arrival of the Cistercians, whose houses were normally placed on secluded spots, in the twelfth century. The Cistercian abbey of Aberconway was founded about 1186.

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Type: Research Article
Information: Archaeologia , Volume 86 , 1937, pp. 163 - 193
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1017/S026134090001540X [Opens in a new window]
Copyright: Copyright © The Society of Antiquaries of London 1937

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^{page 163 note 1} Dugdale, , Monasticon Anglicanum, ed. Caley, , Ellis, , and Bandinel, , 1846, v, 671; J. E. Lloyd, A History of Wales, pp. 236, 601.Google Scholar

^{page 163 note 2} Dugdale, op. cit., 672–4.

^{page 163 note 3} Close Roll 28 Hen. III, 1244, Memb. 13; Rot. Lit. Claus. 168.

^{page 164 note 1} Translated from Matthaei Parisiensis Chronica Magna; cf. ed. of Luard, H. R., 1877, iv, 481–4.Google Scholar

^{page 165 note 1} Welsh Roll, Chancery, 12 Edw. I, 1284, Memb. 6; C 77. 5. The translation in the calendar, p. 285, is inaccurate.

^{page 165 note 2} Ibid., Memb. 5.

^{page 165 note 3} Charter Roll 12 Edw. I, 1284, Memb. 3; Cal. Rot. Chart. 276.

^{page 165 note 4} Welsh Roll, Chancery, 12 Edw. I, 1284, Memb. 2; Cal. Rot. Wall. 292.

^{page 166 note 1} Pipe Roll 14 Edw. I, 1286, Memb. 26 d.; E. 372. 131.

^{page 166 note 2} 19 Edw. I, 1290, Memb. 30; E. 372. 136.

^{page 166 note 3} Exchequer Accounts 14 Edw. I, 1286; E. 101. 485. 28.

^{page 166 note 4} Ibid., Memb. 2.

^{page 167 note 1} Welsh Roll, Chancery, 16 Edw. I, 1288, Memb. 8d.; Cal. Rot. Wall. 320.

^{page 167 note 2} Exchequer Accounts 29 Edw. I, 1301; E. 101. 486. 9.

^{page 167 note 3} Charter Roll 29 Edw. I, 1301, Memb. 9; Cal. Rot. Chart. 6.

^{page 167 note 4} Ministers' Accounts 33 Edw. I, 1305; S.C. 6. 1211/2.

^{page 168 note 1} Ministers' Accounts 9 Edw. II, 1316; S.C. 6. 1211/7.

^{page 168 note 2} Ibid.

^{page 168 note 3} Close Roll 14 Edw. II, 1321, Memb. 10; Cal. Rot. Claus. 290.

^{page 168 note 4} Close Roll 18 Edw. II, 1324, Memb. 29; Cal. Rot. Claus. 228.

^{page 168 note 5} Patent Roll 19 Edw. II, 1326, Memb. 5; Cal. Rot. Pat. 215.

^{page 168 note 6} Close Roll 1 Edw. III, 1327, Memb. 7; Cal. Rot. Claus. 180.

^{page 168 note 7} Patent Roll 17 Edw. II, 1323, Memb. 9; Cal. Rot. Pat. 353.

^{page 168 note 8} Patent Roll 1 Edw. III, 1327, Memb. 13; Cal. Rot. Pat. 184.

^{page 168 note 9} Patent Roll 4 Edw. III, 1331, Memb. 5; Cal. Rot. Pat. 50.

^{page 168 note 10} Exchequer Accounts E. 101. 487. 7 and E. 101. 487. 8.

^{page 169 note 1} Close Roll 6 Edw. III, 1332, Memb. 4; Cal. Rot. Claus. 471.

^{page 169 note 2} Close Roll 12 Edw. III, 1338, Memb. 33; Cal. Rot. Claus. 542.

^{page 169 note 3} Close Roll 6 Edw. III, 1333, Memb. 1, and Exchequer Accounts; 13 Edw. III; E. 101. 487. 10.

^{page 169 note 4} Charter Roll 17 Edw. III, 1343, Memb. 18; Cal. Rot. Chart. 14.

^{page 169 note 5} Patent Roll 17 Edw. III, 1343, Memb 8; Cal. Rot. Pat. 56.

^{page 169 note 6} Registers of Edward the Black Prince, i, 46. 61. 95.

^{page 169 note 7} Ibid., iii, 492.

^{page 169 note 8} Ibid., 221.

^{page 169 note 9} Ibid., 271.

^{page 169 note 10} Patent Roll 18 Rich. II, 1394, Memb. 38; Cal. Rot. Pat. 447.

^{page 169 note 11} Patent Roll 21 Rich. II, 1398, Memb. 32; Cal. Rot. Pat. 322.

^{page 174 note 1} Exchequer Accounts 29 Edw. I, 1301; E. 101. 486. 9.

^{page 174 note 2} Exchequer Accounts E. 101. 486. 23.

^{page 174 note 3} Ministers' Accounts S.C. 6. 1211/2.

^{page 174 note 4} Close Roll 9 Edw. II, 1316, Memb. 17; Cal. Rot. Claus. 267.

^{page 174 note 5} Ministers' Accounts 9 Edw. II, 1316; S.C. 6. 1211/7.

^{page 175 note 1} Close Roll 9 Edw. II, 1316, Memb. 17; C. 54. 133.

^{page 178 note 1} Close Roll 18 Edw. II, 1325, Memb. 1; Cal. Rot. Claus. 304.

^{page 178 note 2} They are not shown in the drawings by S. and N. Buck, dated 1742.

^{page 182 note 1} Exch. K.R. misc. E. 163. 4/42.

^{page 182 note 2} The History and Antiquities of the Town of Conway, by Rev. Robert Williams, 1835, pp. 77–8.

^{page 183 note 1} Exchequer Accounts E. 101. 486. 24; and Ministers' Accounts S.C. 6. 1211/7.

^{page 183 note 2} Exchequer Accounts E. 101. 485. 28.

^{page 185 note 1} Antiquities of England and Wales, by Grose, Francis, 1784, vol. IV.Google Scholar

^{page 187 note 1} Pipe Roll 14 Edw. I, 1286, Memb. 26 d.; E. 372. 131.

^{page 187 note 2} Exchequer Accounts 14 Edw. I, 1286; E. 101. 485. 28.

^{page 189 note 1} Registers of Edward the Black Prince, i, 46, 61.

^{page 190 note 1} E. 101.485. 28.

^{page 191 note 1} Op. cit.

^{page 192 note 1} Op. cit,, p. 312.

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