Hostname: page-component-7b7567c8c-2n9c9 Total loading time: 0 Render date: 2026-11-14T16:09:57.928Z Has data issue: false hasContentIssue false
  • English
  • Français

Relationships between the superior colliculus and hippocampus: Neural and behavioral considerations

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  04 February 2010

Nigel Foreman and
Robin Stevens
Nigel Foreman
Affiliation:
Departments of Psychology and Ophthalmology, University of Leicester, Leicester LE1 7RH, United Kingdom
Robin Stevens
Affiliation:
Department of Psychology, University of Nottingham, Nottingham NG7 2BD, United Kingdom
Get accessRights & Permissions [Opens in a new window]

Abstract

Theories of superior collicular and hippocampal function have remarkable similarities. Both structures have been repeatedly implicated in spatial and attentional behaviour and in inhibitory control of locomotion. Moreover, they share certain electrophysiological properties in their single unit responses and in the synchronous appearance and disappearance of slow wave activity. Both are phylogenetically old and the colliculus projects strongly to brainstem nuclei instrumental in the generation of theta rhythm in the hippocampal EEC

On the other hand, close inspection of behavioural and electrophysiological data reveals disparities. In particular, hippocampal processing mainly concerns stimulus ambiguity, contextual significance, and spatial relations or other subtle, higher order characteristics. This requires the use of largely preprocessed sensory information and mediation of poststimulus investigation. Although collicular activity must also be integrated with that of “higher” centres (probably to a varying degree, depending on the nature of stimuli being processed and the task requirements), its primary role in attention is more “peripheral” and specific in controlling orienting/localisation via eye and body movements toward egocentrically labelled spatial positions. In addition, the colliculus may exert a nonspecific influence in alerting higher centres to the imminence of information potentially worthy of focal attention. Nevertheless, it is noteworthy that collicular and hippocampal lesions produce deficits on similar tasks, although the type of deficit is usually different (often opposite) in each case. Functional overlap between hippocampus and colliculus (i.e., strategically synchronised or mutually interdependent activity) is virtually certain vis-à-vis stimulus sampling, for example in the acquisition of information via vibrissal movements and visual scanning. In addition, insofar as stimulus significance is a factor in collicular orienting mechanisms, the hippocampus — cingulate – cortex — colliculus pathway may play a significant role, modulating collicular responsiveness and thus ensuring an attentional strategy appropriate to current requirements (stimulus familiarity, stage of learning). A tentative “reciprocal loop” model is proposed which bridges physiological and behavioural levels of analysis and which would account for the observed degree and nature of functional overlap between the superior colliculus and hippocampus.

Keywords

attentionhippocampushyperactivityinhibitionlesionsorientationspatial learningstimulus scanningsuperior colliculustheoretical modelstheta rhythm

Information

Type
Target Article
Information
Behavioral and Brain Sciences , Volume 10 , Issue 1 , March 1987, pp. 101 - 119
Copyright
Copyright © Cambridge University Press 1987

Access options

Get access to the full version of this content by using one of the access options below. (Log in options will check for institutional or personal access. Content may require purchase if you do not have access.)

Article purchase

Temporarily unavailable

References

Aadland, J., Beatty, W. W. & Maki, R. (1985). Spatial memory and search strategies in children and adults. Developmental Psychobiology 18:163–72. [rNF]CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Ackil, J. E., Mellgren, R. L., Halgren, C. & Frommer, G. P. (1969) Effects of CS preexposures on avoidance learning in rats with hippocampal lesions. Journal of Comparative and Physiological Psychology 69:739–47. [aNF, RLM]CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Adamuk, E. (1870) Uber die Innervation der Augenbewegungen. Zentrale Medizinische Wissenschaften 8:65. [aNF]Google Scholar
Adey, W. R. (1966) Neurophysiological correlates of information transaction and storage in brain tissue. In: Progress in physiological psychology, ed. Stellar, E. & Sprague, J. M.. Academic Press. [aNF]Google Scholar
Adey, W. R., Dunlop, C. W. & Hendrix, C. E. (1960) Hippocampal slow waves: Distribution and phase relations in the course of approach learning. Archives of Neurology 3:74–90. [aNF]CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Afifi, A. & Kaelber, W. W. (1965) Efferent connections of the substantia nigra in the cat. Experimental Neurology 11:474–82. [aNF]CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Akert, K. (1949) Der visuelle Greifreflex. Helvetica Physiologica Pharmacologica Acta 7:112–34. [aNF]Google Scholar
Albano, J. E., Mishkin, M., Westbrook, L. E. & Wurtz, R. H. (1982) Visuomotor deficits following ablation of monkey superior colliculus. Journal of Neurophysiology 48:338–51. [aNF]CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Alexander, G. B., Broome, B. & Means, L. W. (1974) The effects of an irrelevant intertrial task on pattern discrimination in rats with hippocampal damage. Bulletin of the Psychonomic Society 3:459–61. [aNF]CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Altman, J., Brunner, R. L. & Bayer, S. A. (1973) The hippocampus and behavioural maturation. Behavioral Biology 8:557–96. [aNF]CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Altman, J. & Carpenter, R. (1961) Fiber projections of the superior colliculus in the cat. Journal of Comparative Neurology 116:157–68. [aNF, WI]CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Alvarez-Pelaez, R. (1973) Effects of fimbria-fornix lesions on avoidance conditioning in the rat. Physiology and Behavior 11:603–7. [aNF]CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Anchel, H. & Lindsley, D. B. (1975) Differentiation of two reticulo-hypothalamic systems regulating hippocampal activity. Electroencephalography and Clinical Neurophysiology 32:209–26. [NAS]CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Andersen, P., Bland, B. H. & Dudar, J. D. (1973) Organisation of the hippocampal output. Experimental Brain Research 17:152–68. [aNF]CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Andersen, P., Bliss, T. V. P. & Skrede, K. (1971) Lamellar organisation of hippocampal excitatory pathways. Experimental Brain Research 13:222–38. [aNF]CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Andersen, R. A., Essick, G. K. & Siegel, R. M. (1985) Encoding of spatial location by posterior parietal neurons. Science 230:456–58. [rNF, ADM]CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Anderson, K. V. & Symmes, D. (1969) The superior colliculus and higher visual functions in the monkey. Brain Research 13:37–52. [aNF]CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Burešová, O., Bureš, J., Oitzl, M. S. & Zahá lka, A. (1985) Radial maze in the water tank: An aversively motivated spatial working memory task. Physiology and Behavior 34:1003–5. [JB, rNF]CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Burton, H. A. & Toga, S. V. (1980) Paradoxically enhanced learning in septal rats: Effect of number of nonreinforced tone exposures. Society for Neuroscience Abstracts 6:263. [aNF]Google Scholar
Buzsaki, G. (1982) The “where is it?” reflex: Autoshaping the orienting response. Journal of the Experimental Analysis of Behavior 37:461–84. [NAS]CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Campbell, B. A., Ballantine, P. & Lynch, G. (1971) Hippocampal control of behavioral arousal: Duration of lesion effects and possible interactions with recovery from frontal cortical damage. Experimental Neurology 33:159–70. [rNF]CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Campion, J., Latto, R. & Smith, Y. M. (1983) Is blindsight an effect of scattered light, spared cortex, and near-threshold vision? Behavioral and Brain Sciences 6:423–86. [aNF]CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Capps, M. J. & Stockwell, C. W. (1968) Lesions of the midbrain reticular formation and the startle response in rats. Physiology and Behaviour 3:661–65. [aNF]CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Carlton, P. (1963) Cholinergic mechanisms in the control of behaviour by the brain. Psychological Review 70:19–39. [aNF]CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Casagrande, V. A. (1975) Dual function of the tectum in the tree shrew (Tupaia glis). In: Sensorimotor functions of the midbrain tectum, ed. Ingle, D. J. & Sprague, J. M.. Neurosciences Research Progress Bulletin. [aNF]Google Scholar
Casagrande, V. A. & Diamond, I. T. (1974) Ablation study of the superior colliculus in the tree shrew (Tupaia glis). Journal of Comparative Neurology 156–207–38. [arNF, VAC]CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Casagrande, V. A., Harting, J. K., Hall, W. C., Diamond, I. T. & Martin, G. F. (1972) Superior colliculus of the tree shrew (Tupaia glis): Evidence for a structural and functional subdivision into superficial and deep layers. Science 177:444–47. [rNF, VAC, BES]CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Chalupa, L. M. (1977) A review of eat and monkey studies implicating the pulvinar in visual function. Behavioral Biology 20:149–67. [DLR]CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Chevalier, G., Thierry, A. M., Shibazaki, T. & Feger, J. (1981) Evidence for a GABA-ergic inhibitory nigrotectal pathway in the rat. Neuroscience Letters 21:67–70. [aNF]CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Chronister, R. B., Sikes, R. W. & White, L. E. Jr (1975) Post-commissural fornix: Origin and distribution in the rodent. Neuroscience Letters 1:199–202. [aNF]CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Clemo, H. R. & Stein, B. E. (1986) Effects of cooling somatosensory cortex on response properties of tactile cells in the superior colliculus. Journal of Neurophysiology 55:1352–68. [BES]CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Cohen, J. S. (1970) Exploration in the hippocampal-ablated albino rat. Journal of Comparative and Physiological Psychology 73:261–68. [aNF]CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Collin, N. G. (1977) Role of the frontal eye-fields and superior colliculus in the visual behaviour of rats and monkeys. Unpublished Ph.D. Thesis, University of Oxford. [arNF]Google Scholar
Cooper, R. M., Bland, B. H., Gillespie, L. A. & Whittacker, R. H. (1970) Unilateral posterior cortical and unilateral collicular lesions and visually-guided behaviour in the rat. Journal of Comparative and Physiological Psychology 72:286–95. [arNF]CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Correll, R. E. (1957) The effects of bilateral hippocampal stimulation on the acquisition and extinction of an instrumental response. Journal of Comparative and Physiological Psychology 50:624–29. [aNF]CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Crosby, E. C., Humphrey, T. & Lauer, E. W. (1962) Correlative anatomy of the nervous system. Macmillan. [aNF]Google Scholar
Crosby, G., Crane, A. M. & Sokoloff, L. (1982) Local changes in cerebral glucose utilization during ketamine anesthesia. Anesthesiology 56:437–43. [J-PE]CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Crowne, D. P. & Radcliffe, D. D. (1975) Some characteristics and functional relations of the electrical activity of the primate hippocampus and hypotheses of hippocampal function. In: The hippocampus (vol. 2), ed. Isaacson, R. L. & Pribram, K. H.. Plenum. [aNF]Google Scholar
Crowne, D. P. & Riddell, W. I. (1969) Hippocampal lesions and the cardiac component of the orienting reflex in the rat. Journal of Comparative and Physiological Psychology 69:748–55. [aNF]CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Dalrymple-Alford, J. C. & Benton, D. (1984) Behavioural inhibition and the age at social isolation in rats. Quarterly Journal of Experimental Psychology 36B:27–38. [aNF]CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Dalrymple-Alford, J. C., Kelche, C. R. & Will, B. E. (1985) Is place learning impaired after lesions of the dorsal hippocampus? Paper presented at the annual general meeting of the European Brain and Behaviour Society, Oxford, United Kingdom. [BEW]CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Deadwyler, S. A., West, M. O. & Robinson, J. H. (1981) Entorhinal and septal inputs differentially control sensory-evoked responses in the rat dentate gyrus. Science 211:1181–83. [NAS]CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Dean, P. (1982) Analysis of visual behavior in monkeys with inferotemporalGoogle Scholar
Apter, J. T. (1945) Projection of the retina on superior colliculus of cats. Journal of Neurophysiology 8:123–34. [aNF]CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Apter, J. T. (1946) Eye movements following strychninisation of the superior colliculus of cats. Journal of Neurophysiology 9:73–86. [rNF]CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Babb, T. L., Wilson, C. L., Halgren, E. & Crandall, P. H. (1980) Evidence for direct lateral geniculate projection to hippocampal formation in man. Society for Neuroscience Abstracts 5:838. [aNF]Google Scholar
Barnes, P. J., Smith, L. M. & Latto, R. M. (1970) Orientation to visual stimuli and the superior colliculus in the rat. Quarterly Journal of Experimental Psychology 22:239–47. [arNF]CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Barry, R. J. (1984) Preliminary processes in O-R elicitation. Acta Psychologica 55:109–42. [rNF]CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Basbaum, A. I. & Fields, H. L. (1978) Endogenous pain control mechanisms: Review and hypothesis. Annals of Neurology 4:451–62. [VAC]CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Bauer, R. M. & Trobe, J. D. (1984) Visual memory and perceptual impairments in prosopagnosia. Journal of Clinical Neuro-Ophthalinology 4:39–46. [rNF]Google ScholarPubMed
Bender, R. M., Hostetter, G. & Thomas, G. J. (1968) Effects of lesions in hippocampus-entorhinal cortex on maze performance and activity in rats. Psychonomic Science 10:13–14. [aNF]CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Benevento, L. A. & Fallon, J. H. (1975) The ascending projections of the superior colliculus in the rhesus monkey (Macaca mulatto). Journal of Comparative Neurology 160:339–62. [aNF]CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Bennett, T. L. (1971) Hippocampal theta activity and behaviour – a review. Communications in Behavioral Biology 6:37–48. [aNF]Google Scholar
Bennett, T. L. (1975) The electrical activity of the hippocampus and processes of attention. In: The hippocampus, vol. 2: Neurophysiology and behavior, ed. Isaacson, R. L. & Pribram, K. H.. Plenum. [TLB]Google Scholar
Bennett, T. L. (in press) A gating function of the hippocampus in attention. In: Attention: Cognition, brain function, and clinical application, ed. Sheer, D. E. & Pribram, K. H.. Academic Press. [TLB]Google Scholar
Berger, T. W., Bassett, J. L. & Weikart, C. (1985) Hippocampal-cerebellar interactions during classical conditioning. Presented at the Twenty-sixth Annual Meeting of the Psychonomic Society, Boston. [NAS]Google Scholar
Berger, T. W., Rinaldi, P. C., Weisz, D. J. & Thompson, R. F. (1983) Single-unit analysis of different hippocampal cell types during classical conditioning of rabbit nictitating membrane response. Journal of Neurophysiology 50:1197–1219. [aNF]CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Berlucchi, G., Sprague, J. M., Levy, J. & DiBerardino, A. C. (1972) Pretectum and superior colliculus in visually guided behaviour and in flux and form discrimination in the cat. Journal of Comparative and Physiological Psychology 78:123–72. [aNF]CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Bermant, G., Glickman, S. E. & Davidson, J. M. (1968) Effects of limbic lesions on copulatory behaviour of male rats. Journal of Comparative and Physiological Psychology 65:118–25. [aNF]CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Blanchard, D. C., Williams, G., Lee, M. E. C. & Blanchard, R. J. (1981) Taming of wild Rattus norvegicus by lesions of the mesencephalic central gary. Physiological Psychology 9:157–63. [aNF]CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Blanchard, R. J., Blanchard, D. C. & Fial, R. A. (1970) Hippocampal lesions in rats and their effect on activity, avoidance and aggression. Journal of Comparative and Physiological Psychology 71:92–102. [aNF]CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Bland, B. H. (1986) The physiology and pharmacology of hippocampal formation theta rhythms. Progress in Neurobiology 26:1–54. [ARM]CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Blue, J. H. (1983) Hippocampal lesion syndrome: Switching to and from a place hypothesis. Quarterly Journal of Experimental Psychology 35B:299–314. [aNF]CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Boitano, J. J. & Isaacson, R. L. (1967) Effect of variation in shock intensity on the behaviour of dorsal-hippocampectomised rats in two passive avoidance situations. American Journal of Psychology 80:73–80. [aNF]CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Boitano, J. J., Lubar, J. F., Auer, J. & Furnald, M. S. (1968) Effects of hippocampectomy on consummatory behaviour and movement-inhibition in rats. Physiology and Behavior 3:901–6. [aNF]CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Bolhuis, J. J., Burešová, O. & Bureš, J. (1985) Persistence of working memory of rats in an aversively motivated radial maze task. Behavioural Brain Research 15:43–49. [rNF, JB]CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Brandt, J. & Butters, N. (1986) The neuropsychology of Huntington's disease. Trends in Neuroscience 9:118–20. [DPK]CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Bronson, G. W. (1974) The postnatal growth of visual capacity. Child Development 45:873–90. [rNF]CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Brown, B. B. (1968) Frequency and phase of hippocampal theta activity in the spontaneously behaving cat. Electroencephalography and Clinical Neurophysiology 24:53–62. [aNF]CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Brown, M. W. & Horn, G. (1977) Responsiveness of neurons in the hippocampal region of anaesthetised and unanaesthetised cats to stimulation of sensory pathways. Brain Research 123:241–59. [aNF]CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Buchanan, S. L. & Powell, D. A. (1982) Cingulate cortex: Its role in Pavlovian conditioning. Journal of Comparative and Physiological Psychology 96:755–74. [aNF, NAS]CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
lesions. In: Analysis of visual behavior, ed. Ingle, D. J., Goodale, M. A. & Mansfield, R. J. W.. M.I.T Press.[aNF]Google Scholar
Dean, P. & Key, C. (1981) Spatial deficits on radial maze after large tectal lesions in the rat: Possible role of impaired scanning. Behavioral and Neural Biology 32:170–90. [arNF, JB]CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Dean, P., Pope, S. G. & Redgrave, P. (1982) Influence of novelty on locomotor hyperactivity after lesions of superior colliculus in rats. Behavioral Brain Research 5:213–18. [aNF]CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Dean, P., Pope, S. G., Redgrave, P. & Donohoe, T. P. (1980) Superior colliculus lesions in rat abolish exploratory head-dipping in hole-board test. Brain Research 197:571–76. [aNF]CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Dean, P. & Redgrave, P. (1984a) The superior colliculus and visual neglect in rat and hamster. Behavioural, I. evidence. Brain Research Reviews 8:129–41. (aNF, PD]CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Dean, P. & Redgrave, P. (1984b) The superior colliculus and visual neglect in rat and hamster. II. Possible mechanisms. Brain Research Reviews 8:143–53. [aNF, PD]CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Dean, P. & Redgrave, P. (1984c) The superior colliculus and visual neglect in rat and hamster. III. Functional implications. Brain Research Reviews 8:155–63. [aNF]CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Dean, P., Redgrave, P. & Molton, L. (1984) Visual desynchronisation of EEC impaired by lesions of superior colliculus in rats. Journal of Neurophysiology 52:625–37. [arNF]CrossRefGoogle Scholar
De Castro, J. M. (1974) A selective spatial discrimination deficit after fornieotomy in the rat. Behavioral Biology 12:373–83. [aNF]CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Delay, E. R. (1980) Effects of illumination on activity following superior colliculus and caudate lesions in young and older rats. Physiology and Behavior 27:673–82. [BEW]CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Delay, E. R. (1981) Effects of illumination on activity following superior colliculus and caudate lesions in younger and older rats. Physiology & Behavior 27:673–82. [WI]CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Delay, E. R. & Isaac, W. (1983) Age and arousal in the rat. Bulletin of the Psychonomic Society 21:294–96. [WI]CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Denny-Brown, D. (1962) The midbrain and motor integration. Proceedings of the Royal Society of Medicine 55:527–38. [aNF]CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Depaulis, A. & Vergnes, M. (1986) Elicitation of intraspecific defensive behaviors in the rat by microinjection of picrotoxin, a gamma-aminobutyric acid antagonist, into the midbrain periaqueducal grey matter. Brain Research 367:87–95. [BEW]CrossRefGoogle Scholar
DeVietti, T. L., Emmerson, R. Y. & Wittman, T. K. (1982) Disruption of latent inhibition by placement of an electrode in the dorsal hippocampus. Physiological Psychology 10:46–50. [aNF]CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Di Scala, G., Schmitt, P. & Karli, P. (1983) Unilateral injection of GABA agonists in the superior colliculus: Asymmetry to tactile stimulation. Pharmacology, Biochemistry & Behavior 19:281–85. [BEW]CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Divac, I. (1979) A neuropsychological theory of hippocampal function: Procrustean treatment of inconvenient data. Behavioral and Brain Sciences 2:326–27. [arNF]CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Domesick, V. B. (1969) Projections from the eingulate cortex in the rat. Brain Research 12:296–320. [aNF]CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Domesick, V. B. (1970) The fasciculus cinguli in the rat. Brain Research 20:19–32. [aNF]CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Douglas, R. J. (1967) The hippocampus and behaviour. Psychological Bulletin 67:416–42. [aNF]CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Douglas, R. J. (1972) Pavlovian conditioning and the brain. In: Inhibition and learning, ed. Boakes, R. A. & Halliday, M. S.. Academic Press. [aNF]Google Scholar
Douglas, R. J. (1975) The development of hippocampal function. In: The hippocampus, Volume 2, ed. Isaacson, R. and Pribram, K.. Plenum. [rNF]Google Scholar
Douglas, R. J. & Isaacson, R. L. (1964) Hippocampal lesions and activity. Psychonomic Science 1:187–88. [aNF]CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Douglas, R. J. & Pribram, K. H. (1966) Learning and limbic lesions. Neuropsychologia 5:197–220. [aNF]CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Dräger, U. C. & Hubel, D. H. (1975) Physiology of visual cells in mouse superior colliculus and correlation with somatosensory and auditory input. Nature (London) 253:203–4. [aNF]CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Dyer, R. S., Marino, M. F., Johnson, C. & Kruggel, T. (1976) Superior colliculus lesions do not impair orientation to pattern. Brain Research 112:176–79. [aNF]CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Edwards, S. B. (1980) The deep cell layers of the superior colliculus: Their reticular characteristics and structural organization. In: The reticular formation revisited, ed. Hobson, J. A. & Brazier, M. A. B.. Raven Press. [rNF, VAC, BEVV]Google Scholar
Edwards, S. B. & Henkel, C. K. (1978) Superior colliculus connections with the extraocular motor nuclei in the cat. Journal of Comparative Neurology 179:451–68. [BES]CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Eichelman, B. S. (1971) Effect of subcortical lesions on shock-induced aggression in the cat. Journal of Comparative and Physiological Psychology 74:331–39. [aNF]CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Evans, J. G. M. & Hammond, G. R. (1983a) Habituation and recovery of orienting in rats as a function of stimulus significance. Animal Learning & Behavior, 11:424–30. [rNF]CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Evans, J. G. M. & Hammond, G. R. (1983b) Differential generalization of habituation across contexts as a function of stimulus significance. Animal Learning & Behavior, 11:1–434. [rNF]Google Scholar
Ewert, J.-P. (1980) Neurocthology. An introduction to the neurophysiological fundamentals of behavior. Springer-Verlag. [J-PE]Google Scholar
Ewert, J.-P. (1982) Neuronal basis of configurational prey selection in the common toad. In: Analysis of visual behavior, ed. Ingle, D. J., Goodale, M. A. & Mansfield, R. J. W.M. I. T. Press. [aNF]Google Scholar
Ewert, J.-P. (1985) The Niko Tinbergen Lecture 1983: Concepts in vertebrate neuroethology. Animal Behaviour 33:1–29. [J-PE]CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Ewert, J.-P. (1986) Neuroethology: Toward a functional analysis of stimulus-response mediating and modulating neural circuitries. In: Cognitive processes and spatial orientation, ed. Ellen, P. & Thinus-Blanc, C.. Dordrecht: Martinus Nijhoff. [J-PE]Google Scholar
Ewert, J.-P., Capranica, R. R. & Ingle, D. J. (eds.) (1983) Advances in vertebrate neuroethology. Plenum.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Fabre-Thorpe, M. & Levesque, F. (1986) The effects of cerebral lesions on the accuracy and speed of a visually guided movement in the cat. In: Cognitive processes and spatial orientation in animal and man, ed. Ellen, P. & Thinus-Blanc, C.. Netherlands: Martinus Nijhoff. [aNF]Google Scholar
Farley, J. & Alkon, D. L. (1985) Cellular mechanisms of learning memory and information storage. Annual Review of Psychology 36:419–94. [ARM]CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Finkenstädt, T., Adler, N. T., Allen, T. O. & Ewert, J.-P. (1986) Regional distribution of glucose utilization in the telencephalon of toads in response to configurational visual stimuli: A 14C-2DG study. Journal of Comparative Physiology 158:457–67. [J-PE]CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Finkenstädt, T. & Ewert, J.-P. (1983) Visual pattern discrimination through interactions of neural networks: A combined electrical brain stimulation, brain lesion, and extracellular recording study in Salamandra salamandra. Journal of Comparative Physiology 153:99–100. [J-PE]Google Scholar
Finkenstädt, T. & Ewert, J.-P. (1985) Glucose utilization in the toad's brain during anesthesia and stimulation of the ascending reticular arousal system: A 14C-2-deoxyglusose study. Naturwissenschaften 72:161–62. [J-PE]CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Flandrin, J. M. & Jeannerod, M. (1977) Lack of recovery in collicular neurons from the effects of early deprivation or neonatal cortical lesions in the kitten. Brain Research, 120:362–66. [rNF]CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Foreman, N. P. (1980) Spatial and attentional functions of the midbrain visual system. Unpublished Ph.D. Thesis, University of Nottinghom. [aNF]Google Scholar
Foreman, N. P. (1983a) Head-dipping in rats with superior collicular, frontal cortical and hippocampal lesions. Physiology and Behavior 30:711–17. [arNF]CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Foreman, N. P. (1983b) Distractibility following simultaneous bilateral lesions of the superior colliculus or medial frontal cortex in the rat. Behavioral Brain Research 8:177–94. [arNF]CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Foreman, N. P. (1985) Algorithmic responding on the radial maze in rats does not always imply absence of spatial encoding. Quarterly Journal of Experimental Psychology 37B:333–58. [arNF]CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Foreman, N. P. (1986) Superior colliculus, hippocampus and spatial behaviour. In: Cognitive processes and spatial orientation in animal and man, ed. Ellen, P. & Thinus-Blanc, C.. Netherlands: Martinus Nijhoff. [aNF]Google Scholar
Foreman, N., Arber, M. & Savage, J. (1984) Spatial memory in preschool infants. Developmental Psychobiology, 17:129–37. [rNF]CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Foreman, N. P., Goodale, M. A. & Milner, A. D. (1978) The nature of postoperative ‘hyperactivity’ following lesions of the superior colliculus in the rat. Physiology and Behavior 21:157–60. [arNF]CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Foreman, N. P. & Stevens, R. G. (1982) Visual lesions and radial maze performance in the rat. Behavioral and Neural Biology 36:126–36. [arNF, LKG]CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Fries, W. (1984) Cortical projections to the superior colliculus in the Macaque monkey: A retrograde study using horseradish peroxidase. Journal of Comparative Neurology 230:55–76. [rNF, VAC]CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Gaffan, D. (1972) Loss of recognition memory in rats with lesions of the fornix. Neuropsychologia 10:327–41. [aNF]CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Gaffan, E. A. & Davies, J. (1981) The role of exploration in win-shift and win-stay performance on a radial maze. Learning and Motivation 12:282–99. [aNF]CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Galey, D., Simon, H. & LeMoal, M. (1977) Behavioral effects of lesions in the A10 dopaminergic area of the rat. Brain Research 124:83–97. [WI]CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Garrud, P., Rawlins, J. N. P., Mackintosh, N. J., Goodall, G., Cotton, M. M. & Feldon, J. (1984) Successful overshadowing and blocking in hippocampectomized rats. Behavioural Brain Research, 12:39–53. [rNF]CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Gerbrandt, L. K. & Ivy, G. O. (1986) Effects of dentate granule cell depletion in rats: Failure to recall more than one event at the same place. In: Cognitive processes and spatial orientation in animal and man, ed. Ellen, P. & Thinus-Blanc, C.. Dordrecht: Martinus Nijhoff. [LKC]Google Scholar
Gerhrandt, L. K., Lawrence, J. C., Eckardt, M. J. & Lloyd, R. L. (1978) Origin of the neocortically monitored theta rhythm in the curarized rat. Electroencephalography and Clinical Neurophysiology 45:454–67. [aNF, LKG]CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Gerbrandt, L. K., Pico, R. M. & Ivy, G. O. (1986) Memory for unique instances: Temporal lobe and hippocampal dependence. In: The hippocampus: vol. 4, ed. Isaacson, R. L. & Pribram, K. H.. Plenum. [LKG]Google Scholar
Glickman, S. E., Higgins, T. J. & Isaacson, R. L. (1970) Some effects of hippocampal lesions on the behaviour of Mongolian gerbils. Physiology and Behavior 5:931–38. [aNF]CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Godding, P. R., Rush, J. R. & Beatty, W. W. (1982) Scopolamine does not disrupt spatial working memory in rats. Pharmacology, Biochemistry and Behavior 16:919–23. [aNF]CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Goldbert, M. E. & Robinson, D. L. (1978) Visual system: Superior colliculus. In: Handbook of behavioral neurobiology, ed. Masterton, R. B.. Plenum. [aNF, DLR]Google Scholar
Goldberg, M. E. & Wurtz, R. H. (1972) Activity of superior colliculus in behaving monkey. II. Effect of attention on neuronal responses. Journal of Neurophysiology 35:577–86. [aNF]Google ScholarPubMed
Goldman, P. S. (1976) Maturation of the mammalian nervous system and the ontogeny of behavior. Advances in the Study of Behavior 7:1–90. [BEW]CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Gonzales-Lima, F. & Scheich, H. (1985) Ascending reticular activating system in the rat: A 2-Deoxyglucose study. Brain Research 344:70–88. [J-PE]CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Goodale, M. A. (1983a) Vision as a sensorimotor system. In: Behavioral approaches to brain research, ed. Robinson, T. E.. Oxford University Press. [aNF]Google Scholar
Goodale, M. A. (1983b) Neural mechanisms of visual orientation in rodents: Targets versus places. In: Spatially oriented behavior, ed. Hein, A. & Jeannerod, M.. Springer-Verlag. [rNF]Google Scholar
Goodale, M. A. & Dale, R. H. I. (1981) Radial-maze performance in the rat following lesions of posterior neocortex. Behavioural Brain Research 3:273–88. [aNF]CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Goodale, M. A., Foreman, N. P. & Milner, A. D. (1978) Visual orientation in the rat: A dissociation of deficits following cortical and collicular lesions. Experimental Brain Research 31:445–57. [aNF]CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Goodale, M. A. & Lister, T. M. (1974) Attention to novel stimuli in rats with lesions of the superior colliculus. Brain Research 66:361–62. [arNF]CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Goodale, M. A. & Milner, A. D. (1982) Fractionating orientation behaviour in the rodent: The role of the superior colliculus. In: Advances in the analysis of visual behavior, ed. Ingle, D., Goodale, M. A. & Mansfield, R.. M.I.T. Press. [aNF]Google Scholar
Goodale, M. A. & Murison, R. C. C. (1975) The effects of lesions of the superior colliculus on locomotor orientation and the orienting reflex in the rat. Brain Research 88:243–61. [aNF, ADM]CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Graham, J. (1977) An autoradiographic study of the efferent connections of the superior colliculus in the cat. Journal of Comparative Neurology 173:629–54. [aNF]CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Graham, J. & Casagrande, V. A. (1980) A light microscopic and electron microscopic study of the superficial layers of the tree shrew (Tupaia glis). Journal of Comparative Neurology 191:133–51. [VAC]CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Grantyn, A. & Grantyn, R. (1980) Reticular substrates for coordination of horizontal eye movements and their relationship to tectal efferent pathways. In: The reticular formation revisited, ed. Hobson, J. A. & Brazier, M. A. B.. Raven. [rNF]Google Scholar
Grantyn, R. & Grantyn, A. A. (1973) Postsynaptic responses of hippocampal neurons to mesencephalic stimulation: Depolarising potentials and discharge patterns. Brain Research 53:55–69. [aNF]CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Grastyan, E., Lissak, K., Madarasz, I. & Donhoffer, H. (1959) Hippocampal electrical activity during the development of conditioned reflexes. Electroencephalography and Clinical Neurophysiology 11:409–30. [aNF, GW]CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Gray, J. A. (1971a) Medial septal lesions, hippocampal theta rhythm and the control of vibrissal movement in the freely-moving rat. Electroencephalography and Clinical Neurophysiology 30:189–97. [aNF, J-PE]CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Gray, J. A. (1971b) The psychology of fear and stress. Weidenfeld and Nicholson. [arNF]Google Scholar
Gray, J. A. (1982) The neuropsychology of anxiety. Oxford University Press. [GW]Google Scholar
Green, J. D. & Arduini, A. (1954) Hippocampal electrical activity in arousal. Journal of Neurophysiology 17:533–57. [aNF, WI, GW]CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Green, R. H., Beatty, W. W. & Schwartzbaum, J. S. (1967) Commparative effects of septo-hippocampal and caudate lesions on avoidance behaviour in rats. Journal of Comparative and Physiological Psychology 64:444–52. [aNF]CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Greene, E. & Naranjo, J. N. (1986) Thalamic role in spatial memory. Behavioral Brain Research 19:123–31. [rNF, EG]CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Greene, E. & Stauff, C. (1974) Behavioural role of hippocampal connections. Experimental Neurology 45:141–60. [aNF]CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Gregory, R. L. (1961) The brain as an engineering problem. In: Current problems in animal behaviour, ed. Thorpe, W. H. & Zangwill, O. L.. Cambridge University Press. [aNF, BEW]Google Scholar
Grillo, S. A. (1971) The effect of hippocampus on distraction. Canadian Journal of Physiology and Pharmacology 49:873–78. [aNF]CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Gross, C., Cowey, A. & Manning, F. J. (1971) Further analysis of visual discrimination deficits following foveal prestriate and inferotemporal lesions in rhesus monkeys. Journal of Comparative and Physiological Psychology 76:1–7. [aNF]CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Grossman, S. P. (1968) Behavioral and electroencephalographic effects of microinjections of neurohumors into the midbrain reticular formation. Physiology and Behavior 3:777–86. [aNF]CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Groves, P. M. & Thompson, R. F. (1970) Habituation: A dual-process theory. Psychological Review 77:419–50. [rNF]CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Gustafson, J. W. (1975) Distractibility and reactivity under different response conditions following hippocampal lesions in rats. Behavioral Biology 15:479–84. [aNF]CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Gustafson, J. W. & Koenig, L. J. (1979) Hippocampal function in distractbility and generalisation: A behavioural investigation. Physiology and Behavior 22:297–303. [aNF]CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Hardy, S. C., Stein, B. E. (1986) Small lesions in suprasylvian cortex produce contralateral visual neglect and a lowered incidence of deep laminae visual cells in the superior colliculus. Society for Neuroscience Abstracts 12:1368. [BES]Google Scholar
Harting, J. K., Hall, W. C., Diamond, I. T. & Martin, G. F. (1973) Anterograde degeneration study of superior colliculus in Tupaia glis: Evidence for a subdivision between superficial and deep layers. of Comparative Neurology 148:361–86. [aNF]CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Hendrickson, C. W., Kimble, R. J. & Kimble, D. P. (1969) Hippocampal lesions and the orienting response. Journal of Comparative and Physiological Psychology 67:220–27. [aNF]CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Herrick, C. J. (1933) The amphibian forebrain. VIII: Cerebral hemispheres and pallial primordia. The Journal of Comparative Neurology 58:737–59. [J-PE]CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Heywood, C. A. & Cowey, A. (1985) A comparison of the effects of superior collicular ablation in infant and adult rats. Experimental Brain Research 59:302–12. [rNF, PD]CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Heywood, S. & Ratcliff, G. (1975) Long-term oculomotor consequences of unilateral colliculectomy in man. In: Basic mechanisms of ocular motility and their clinical implications, ed. Lennerstrand, G. & Bach-Y-Rita, P.. Pergamon. [aNF]Google Scholar
Hikosaka, O. & Wurtz, R. H. (1985a) Modification of saccadic eye movements by GABA-related substances. I. Effect of muscimol and bicuculline in monkey superior colliculus. Journal of Neurophysiology 53:266–91. [aNF]CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Hikosaka, O. & Wurtz, R. H. (1985b) Modification of saccadic eye movements by GABA-related substances. II. Effects of muscimol in monkey substantia nigra pars reticularis. Journal of Neurophysiology 53:292–308. [aNF]CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Hill, A. J. (1979) Sensory basis for firing of spatial units in dorsal hippocampus of rats. Society for Neuroscience Abstracts 4:286. m[aNF]Google Scholar
Hirsh, R. (1980) The hippocampus, conditional operations, and cognition. Physiological Psychology, 8, 175–182 [rNF, GW]CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Holtzman, J. D. (1984) Interactions between cortical and subcortical visual areas: Evidence from human commisurotomy patients. Vision Research 24:801–13. [aNF]CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Horn, G. & Hill, R. M. (1966a) Responsiveness to sensory stimulation of units in the superior colliculus and subjacent tectotegmental regions of the rabbit. Experimental Neurology 14:199–223. [aNF, JB]CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Horn, G. & Hill, R. M. (1966b) Effect of removing the neocortex on the response to repeated sensory stimulation of neurones in the midbrain. Nature 211:754–55. [aNF]CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Hostetter, G. & Thomas, G. J. (1967) Evaluation of enhanced thigmotaxis as a condition of impaired maze learning by rats with hippocampal lesions. Journal of comparative and Physiological Psychology 63:105–10. [aNF]CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Hubel, D. H. & Wiesel, T. N. (1965) Receptive fields and functional architecture in two nonstriate visual areas (18 and 19) of the cat. Journal of Neurophysiology 28:229–89. [rNF]CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Huerta, M. F. & Harting, J. K. (1984a) Connectional organization of the superior colliculus. Trends in Neurosciences 7:286–89. [BEW]CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Huerta, M. F. & Harting, J. K. (1984b) The mammalian superior colliculus: Studies of its morphology and connections. In: Comparative neurology of the optic tectum, ed. Vanagas, Horacio. Plenum. [rNF, VAC]Google Scholar
Humphrey, N. K. (1968) Responses to visual stimuli of units in the superior colliculus of rats and monkeys. Experimental Neurology 20:312–40. [arNF]CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Humphrey, N. K. (1970) What the frog's eye tells the monkey's brain. Brain, Behavior and Evolution 3:324–37. [aNF]CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Hyndman, O. R. & Dulin, J. W. (1939) Superior colliculi: Their function as estimated from a case of tumour. Archives of Surgery 38:471–86. [aNF]CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Hyvärinen, J. (1982) Posterior parietal lobe of the primate brain. Physiological Reviews 62:1060–1129. [VAC]CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Ingle, D. (1975a) Some unresolved issues concerning the optic tectum. In: Sensorimotor functions of the midbrain tectum, ed. Ingle, D. & Sprague, J. M.. Neurosciences Research Progress Bulletin (Volume 13, No. 2). [aNF]Google ScholarPubMed
Ingle, D. (1975b) Focal attention in the frog: Behavioral and physiological correlates. Science 188:1033–35. [aNF]CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Ingle, D. (1982) Organisation of visuomotor behaviors in vertebrates. In: Analysis of visual behavior, ed. Ingle, D. J., Goodale, M. A. & Mansfield, R. J. W.. M.I.T. Press. [aNF]Google Scholar
Ingle, D. (1983) Brain mechanisms of visual localization by frogs and toads. In: Advances in vertebrate neuroethology, ed. Ewert, J-P, Capranica, R. R. & Ingle, D. J.. Plenum. [aNF]Google Scholar
Ingle, D. J., Goodale, M. A. & Mansfield, R. J. W. (1982) Analysis of visual behavior. M.I.T. Press. [aNF]Google Scholar
Ingle, D. & Sprague, J. M., eds. (1975) Sensorimotor functions of the midbrain tectum. Neurosciences Research Progress Bulletin (Volume 13, No. 2). [aNF]Google ScholarPubMed
Isaac, W. (1971) A study of the relationship between the visual system and the effects of d-amphetamine. Physiology & Behavior 6:157–59. [WI]CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Isaac, W. & Devito, J. L. (1958) Effect of sensory stimulation on the activity of normal and prefrontal-lobectomized monkeys. Journal of Comparative and Physiological Psychology 51:172–74. [WI]CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Isaac, W. & Kallman, W. M. (1975) Stimulants and lesions of the substantia nigra and red nucleus. Physiology & Behavior 15:471–74. [WI]CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Isaac, W. & Troelstrup, R. (1969) Opposite effects of illumination and d-amphetamine in the squirrel monkey (Saimiri) and owl monkey (Aotes). Psychopharmacologia 15:260–64. [WI]CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Isaacson, R. L. (1982) The limbic system (.2nd ed.). Plenum. [VAC]CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Isaacson, R. L. & McClearn, G. E. (1978) The influence of hippocampal damage on locomotor behavior of mice selectively bred for high or low activity in the open field. Brain Research 150:559–67. [WI]CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Isaacson, R. L. & Pribram, K. H. (1975) eds. The hippocampus (vols. 1 and 2). Plenum. [aNF]Google Scholar
Iuvone, P. M. & Van Hartesfeldt, C. (1976) Locomotor activity and plasma corticosterone in rats with hippocampal lesions. Behavioral Biology 16:515–20. [aNF]CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Jackson, W. J. (1984) Regional hippocampal lesions alter matching by monkeys: An anorexiant effect. Physiology and Behavior 32:593–601. [aNF]CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Jarrard, L. E. (1968) Behaviour of hippocampal lesioned rats in home cage and novel situations. Physiology and Behavior 3:65–70. [aNF, WI]CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Jarrard, L. E. (1973) The hippocampus and motivation. Psychological Bulletin 79:1–11. [aNF]CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Jarrard, L. E. (1980) Selective hippocampal lesions and behaviour. Physiological Psychology 8:198–206. [aNF]CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Jarrard, L. E. (1985) Is the hippocampus really involved in memory? In: Brain plasticity, learning and memory, ed. Will, B. E., Schmitt, P. & Dalrymple-Alford, J. C.. Plenum. [BEW]Google Scholar
Jarrard, L. E. & Bunnell, B. N. (1968) Open field behaviour of hippocampal lesioned rats and hamsters. Journal of Comparative and Physiological Psychology 66:500–502. [aNF]CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Jarrard, L. E. & Korn, J. H. (1969) Effects of hippocampal lesions on heart rate during habituation and passive avoidance. Communications in Behavioral Biology 3:141–50. [aNF]Google Scholar
Johnston, W. A. & Dark, V. J. (1986) Selective attention. Annual Review of Psychology 37:43–75. [NAS]CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Kaada, B. R. (1951) Somato-motor, anatomical and electroencephalographic responses to electrical stimulation of “rhinencephalic” and other structures in primates, cat and dog. Acta Physiologica Scandinavia 231, Suppl. 83:1–285. [aNF]Google Scholar
Kaada, B. R., Jansen, J. & Andersen, P. (1953) Stimulation of the hippocampus and medial cortical areas in unanaesthetised cats. Neurology 3:844–57. [aNF]CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Kallman, M. D. & Isaac, W. (1980) Disruption of illumination dependent activity by superior colliculus destruction. Physiology & Behavior 25:45–47. [WI]CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Kamin, L. J. (1968) Attention-like processes in classical conditioning. In: Miami symposium on the prediction of behavior: Aversive stimulation, ed. Jones, M. R.. University of Miami Press. [aNF]Google Scholar
Kaplan, J. (1968) Approach and inhibitory reactions in rats after bilateral hippocampal damage. Journal of Comparative and Physiological Psychology 65:274–81. [aNF]CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Kappers, C., Huber, G. & Crosby, E. (1960) The comparative anatomy of the nervous system in vertebrates including Man. Hafner. [aNF]Google Scholar
Karmos, G. & Grastyan, E. (1962) Influence of hippocampal lesions on simple and delayed conditioned reflexes. Acta Physiological Hungaria 21:215–24. [aNF]Google Scholar
Kawamura, K. & Brodal, A. (1973) The tectopontine projection in the cat: An experimental anatomical study with comments on pathways for teleceptive impulses to the cerebellum. Journal of Comparative Neurology 149:371–90. [NAS]CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Kawamura, K., Brodal, A. & Hoddevik, G. (1974) The projection of the superior colliculus onto the reticular formation of the brain stem. An experimental anatomical study in the cat. Experimental Brain Research 19:1–19. [aNF]CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Kaye, H. & Pearce, J. M. (1984) The strength of the orienting response during Pavlovian conditioning. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Animal Behavior Processes 10:90–109. [NAS]Google ScholarPubMed
Kearley, R. C., Van Hartesfeldt, C. & Woodruff, M. L. (1974) Behavioural and hormonal effects of hippocampal lesions on male and female rats. Physiological Psychology 2:187–96. [aNF]CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Kemp, I. R. & Kaada, B. R. (1975) The relation of hippocampal theta activity to arousal, attentive behaviour and somato-motor movements in unrestrained cats. Brain Research 95:323–42. [aNF]CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Kenshalo, D. R. Jr & Isaac, W. (1977) Informational and arousal properties of olfaction. Physiology & Behavior 18:1085–87. [WI]CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Kenyon, R. V., Becker, J. T., Butters, N. & Hermann, H. (1984) Oculomotor function in Wernicke-Korsakoffs syndrome: I. Saccadic eye movements. International Journal of Neuroscience 25:53–65. [aNF]CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Kimble, D. P. (1963) The effects of bilateral hippocampal lesions in rats. Journal of Comparative and Physiological Psychology 56:273–83. [aNF]CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Kimble, D. P. (1968) The hippocampus and internal inhibition. Psychological Bulletin 70:285–95. [aNF]CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Kimble, D. P. (1969) Possible inhibitory functions of the hippocampus. Ncuropsychologia 7:235–44. [aNF]CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Kimble, D. P. (1976) Changes in behaviour of hippocampal-lesioned rats across a 6-week postoperative period. Physiological Psychology 4:289–293. [aNF]CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Kimble, D. P. & BreMiller, R. (1981) Latent learning in hippocampal-lesioned rats. Physiology and Behavior 26:1055–59. [aNF]CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Kimble, D. P. & Dannen, E. (1977) Persistent spatial maze learning deficits in hippocampal-lesioned rats across a 7 week postoperative period. Physiological Psychology 5:409–13. [aNF]CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Kimble, D. P. & Greene, E. G. (1968) Absence of latent learning in rats with hippocampal lesions. Psychonomic Science 11:99–100. [aNF]CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Kimble, D. P., Jordan, W. P. & BreMiller, R. (1982) Further evidence for latent learning in hippocampal-lesioned rats. Physiology and Behavior 29:401–7. [aNF]CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Kimble, D. P. & Kimble, R. J. (1965) Hippocampectomy and response perseveration in the rat. Journal of Comparative and Physiological Psychology 60:472–76. [aNF]CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Kirkby, R. J., Stein, D. G., Kimble, R. J. & Kimble, D. P. (1967) Effects of hippocampal lesions and duration of sensory input on spontaneous alternations. Journal of Comparative and Physiological Psychology 64:342–45. [aNF]CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Kirvel, R. D., Greenfield, R. A. & Meyer, D. R. (1974) Multimodal sensory neglect in rats with radical unilateral posterior isocortical and superior collicular ablations. Journal of Comparative and Physiological Psychology 87:156–62. [aNF]CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Koenig, J. F. R. & Klippel, R. A. (1963) The rat brain. Williams and Wilkins. [aNF]Google Scholar
Köhler, C. (1976) Habituation after dorsal hippocampal lesions. A test-dependent phenomenon. Behavioral Biology 18:89–110. [aNF]CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Kolb, B., Sutherland, R. J. & Whishaw, I. Q. (1983) A comparison of the contributions of the frontal and parietal association cortex to spatial localization in rats. Behavioral Neuroscience 97:13–27. [aNF, JB, LKG]CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Kolb, B. & Whishaw, I. Q. (1985) Fundamentals of human neuropsychology, 2nd ed. Freeman, W. H.. [DPK, ARM]Google Scholar
Komisaruk, B. R. (1970) Synchrony between limbic system theta activity and rhythmical behaviors in rats. Journal of Comparative and Physiological Psychology 70:284–92. [aNF, LKG]CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Krumhansl, C. L. (1982) Abrupt changes in visual stimulation enhance processing of form and location information. Perception and Psychophysics 32:511–23. [aNF]CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Künzle, H. (1978) An autoradiographic analysis of the efferent connections from premotor and adjacent prefrontal regions (areas 6 and 9) in Macaca fasicularis. Brain Behavior and Evolution 15:185–234. [VAC]CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Lanier, L. P. & Isaacson, R. L. (1975) Activity changes related to the location of lesions in the hippocampus. Behavioral Biology 13:59–69. [aNF]CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Lanier, L. P., Petit, T. L. & Isaacson, R. L. (1974). Protection against effects of brain damage by catecholamine depletion is test-dependent. Brain Research 82:374–77. [aNF]CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Lara, R. & Arbib, M. A. (1985) A model of the neural mechanisms responsible for pattern recognition and stimulus specific habituation in toads. Biological Cybernetics 51:223–37. [J-PE]CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Latto, R. & Cowey, A. (1971) Visual field deficits after frontal eye field lesions in monkeys. Brain Research 30:1–24. [aNF]CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Laughlin, N. K., Finger, S. & Bell, J. (1984) Early undernutrition and later hippocampal damage: Effects on spontaneous behaviors and reversal learning. Physiological Psychology 11:269–77. [aNF]CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Leaton, R. N. (1967) Patterns of behaviour of hippocampal lesioned rats in an exploratory motivated situation. Psychological Reports 21:153–59. [aNF]CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Leaton, R. N. (1969) Effect of the introduction of blind alleys on maze performance of rats with hippocampal lesions. Journal of Comparative and Physiological Psychology 67:104–9. [aNF, GW]CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Leichnetz, G. R. & Astruc, J. (1975) Preliminary evidence for a direct projection of the prefrontal cortex to the hippocampus in the squirrel monkey. Brain, Behavior and Evolution 11:355–64. [aNF]CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Leis, T., Pallage, V., Toniolo, G. & Will, B. (1984) working memory theory of hippocampal function needs qualification. Behavioral and Neural Biology 42:140–57. [rNF, BEW]CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Lettvin, J. Y., Maturana, H. R., McCulloch, W. S. & Pitts, W. H. (1959) What the frog's eye tells the frog's brain. Proceedings of the Institute of Radio Engineers. 47:1940–51. [aNF]Google Scholar
Levy, A., Kluge, P. B. & Elsmore, T. F. (1983) Radial maze performance of mice: Acquisition and atropine effects. Behavioral and Neural Biology 39:229–40. [aNF]CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Lidsky, T., Levine, M. S. & MacGregor, S. (1974) Hippocampal units during orienting and arousal in rabbits. Experimental Neurology 44:171–86. [aNF]CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Linden, P. & Perry, V. H. (1983) Massive retinotectal projection in rats. Brain Research 272:145–49. [aNF, PD]CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Lindsley, D. B. & Wilson, C. L. (1975) Brain stem-hypothalamic systems influencing hippocampal activity and behavior. In: The hippocampus, vol. 2, ed. Isaacson, R. L. & Pribram, K. H.. Plenum. [aNF]Google Scholar
Lines, C. R. & Milner, A. D. (1985) A deficit in ambient visual guidance following superior colliculus lesions in rats. Behavioral Neuroscience 99:707–16. [aNF, LKC]CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Lorig, T. S. & Isaac, W. (1984) Quantification of cortical arousal: Correlation with locomotor activity. Physiological Psychology 12:253–56. [WI]CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Luria, A. R. (1972) The working brain. Penguin. [ARM]Google Scholar
Lynch, J. C. (1980) The functional organization of the posterior parietal association cortex. Behavioral and Brain Sciences 3:485–534. [VAC]CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Lynn, R. (1966) Attention and the orienting reaction. Pergamon. [arNF]Google Scholar
Macadar, A. W., Chalupa, L. M. & Lindsley, D. B. (1974) Differentiation of brainstem loci which effect hippocampal and neocortical electrical activity. Experimental Neurology 43:499–514. [aNF, LKG]CrossRefGoogle Scholar
MacKay, D. M. (1972) Voluntary eye movements as questions. Bibliographia Ophthalmologica 82:369–76. [aNF]Google ScholarPubMed
Maclean, P. D. (1957) Chemical and electrical stimulation of the hippocampus in unrestrained animals. Archives of Neurology and Psychiatry 78:113–42. [aNF]CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Maclean, P. D. (1975) An ongoing analysis of hippocampal inputs and output: Microelectrode and neuroanatomical findings in squirrel monkeys. In: The hippocampus, vol. 1, ed. Isaacson, R. L. & Pribram, K. H.. Plenum. [aNF]Google Scholar
Maclean, P. D. & Cresswell, G. (1970) Anatomical connections of visual system with limbic cortex of monkey. Journal of Comparative Neurology 138:265–78. [aNF]CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Magni, S., Krekule, I. & Bureš, J. (1979) Radial maze type as a determinant of the choice behavior of rats. Journal of Neuroscience Methods 1:343–52. [JB]CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Mahut, H. (1971) Spatial and object reversal learning in monkeys with partial temporal lobe ablations. Neuropsychologia 9:409–24. [aNF]CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Maki, W. S., Beatty, W. W., Hoffman, N., Bierley, R. A. & Clouse, B. A. (1984) Spatial memory over long retention intervals: Non-memorial factors are not necessary for accurate performance in the radial-arm maze by rats. Behavioral and Neural Biology 41:1–6. [rNF]CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Markowska, A., Burešová, O. & Bureš, J. (1983) An attempt to account for controversial estimates of working memory persistence in the radial maze. Behavioral and Neural Biology 38:97–112. [JB]CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Marks, K. E. & Jane, J. (1974) Effects of visual cortical lesions upon ambulatory and static localisation of light in space. Experimental Neurology 42:707–10. [aNF]CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Marrocco, R. T. & Li, R. H. (1977) Monkey superior colliculus: Properties of single cells and their afferent inputs. Journal of Neurophysiology 40:844–60. [rNF]CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Marshall, J. F. (1978) Comparison of sensorimotor dysfunctions produced by damage to lateral hypothalamus or superior colliculus in the rat. Experimental Neurology 58:203–17. [aNF, PD]CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Marzi, C. A. & Latto, R. M. (1977) Visual pattern and form perception in the rhesus monkey following ablation of the superior colliculus. Brain Research 127:355. [aNF]CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Matute, C. & Streit, P. (1985) Selective retrograde labeling with D-(3H)- Aspartate in afferents to the mammalian superior colliculus. Journal of Comparative Neurology 241:34–49. [rNF, EG]CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Maurer, D. & Lewis, T. L. (1979) A physiological explanation of infants' early visual development. Canadian Journal of Psychology 33:23–250. [rNF]CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Mayes, A. R., Meudell, P. R. & Pickering, A. (1985) Is organic amnesia caused by a selective deficit in remembering contextual information? Cortex 21:167–202.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
McCleary, R. A. (1966) Response modulating function of the limbic system: Initiation and suppression. In: Progress in brain research. Vol. 1, ed. Stellar, E. & Sprague, J. M.. Academic Press. [aNF]Google Scholar
McCormick, D. A., Guyer, P. E. & Thompson, R. F. (1982) Superior cerebellar peduncle lesions selectively abolish the ipsilateral classically conditioned nictitating membrane/eyelid response of the rabbit. Brain Research 244:347–50. [NAS]CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
McHaffie, J. & Stein, B. E. (1980) Control of eye movements in rat superior colliculus. Society for Neuroscience Abstracts 5:476. [aNF]Google Scholar
McNaughton, B. L., Branes, C. A. & O'Keefe, J. (1983) The contributions of position, direction, and velocity to single unit activity in the hippocampus of freely-moving rats. Experimental Brain Research 52:41–49. [aNF]CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Means, L. W. (1969) Latent learning in rats with hippocampal lesions. Psychonomic Science 16:51–52. [aNF]CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Means, L. W., Leander, J. D. & Isaacson, R. L. (1971) The effect of hippocampectomy on alternation behaviour and response to novelty. Physiology and Behavior 6:17–22. [aNF]CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Meredith, M. A. & Stein, B. E. (1983) Interactions among converging sensory inputs in the superior colliculus. Science 221:389–91. [aNF]CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Meredith, M. A. & Stein, B. E. (1986) Visual, auditory, and somatosensory convergence on cells in the superior colliculus results in cross-sensory integration. Journal of Neurophysiology 56:640–72. [BES]CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Merker, B. H. (1980) The sentinel hypothesis: A role for the mammalian superior colliculus. Unpublished doctoral thesis. Department of Psychology, Massachusetts Institute of Technology. [aNF]Google Scholar
Mesulam, M.-M. (1983) The functional anatomy and hemispheric specialization for directed attention: The role of the parietal lobe and its connectivity. Trends in Neurosciences 6:384–87. [rNF, ARM]CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Midgley, G. C., Prkachin, K. M. & Tees, R. C. (1981) Exploratory behavior of rats following visual cortical and subcortical lesions. Physiological Psychology 9:152–56. [aNF]CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Midgley, G. C. & Tees, R. C. (1981) Orienting behavior by rats with visual cortical and subcortical lesions. Experimental Brain Research 41:316–28. [aNF]Google ScholarPubMed
Midgley, G. C. & Tees, R. C. (1982) Reinstatement of orienting behavior in rats with superior colliculus lesions by D-amphetamine. Society for Neuroscience Abstracts 8:894. [aNF]Google Scholar
Miller, L. L. & Branconnier, R. J. (1983) Cannabis: Effects on memory and the cholinergic limbic system. Psychological Bulletin 93:441–56. [aNF]CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Miller, V. M. & Best, P. J. (1978) Fimbria-fornix lesions affect the response of hippocampal units to spatial cues in the rat. Society for Neuroscience Abstracts 3:225. [aNF]Google Scholar
Milner, A. D., Foreman, N. P. & Goodale, M. A. (1978) Go-left, go-right discrimination performance and distractibility following lesions of prefrontal cortex or superior colliculus in stumptail macaques. Neuropsychologia 16:381–90. [aNF]CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Milner, A. D., Goodale, M. A. & Morton, M. C. (1979) Visual sampling after lesions of the superior colliculus in rats. Journal of Comparative and Physiological Psychology 93:1015–23. [arNF]CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Milner, A. D. & Lines, C. R. (1983) Stimulus sampling and the use of distal visual cues in rats with lesions of the superior colliculus. Behavioural Brain Research 8:387–401. [aNF]CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Milner, A. D., Lines, C. R. & Migdal, B. (1984) Visual orientation and detection following lesions of the superior colliculus in rats. Experimental Brain Research 56:104–114. [aNF]CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Milner, B. (1966) Amnesia following operation on the temporal lobes. In: Amnesia, ed. Whitty, C. W. M. & Zangwill, O. L.. Butterworths. [aNF]Google Scholar
Milner, B. (1972) Disorders of learning and memory after temporal lobe lesions in man. Clinical Neurosurgery 19:421–46. [TLB]CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Mishkin, M. (1982) A memory system in the monkey. Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society of London B298:85–95. [rNF, ARM]Google ScholarPubMed
Mizumori, S. J. Y., Rosenzweig, M. R. & Kermisch, M. G. (1982) Failure of mice to demonstrate spatial memory in the radial maze. Behavioral and Neural Biology 35:33–45. [aNF]CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Milnar, E. J. & Goodale, M. A. (1984) Cortical and tectal control of visual orientation in the gerbil: Evidence for parallel channels. Experimental Brain Research 55:33–48. [aNF]Google Scholar
Moore, J. W. & Stickney, K. J. (1980) Formation of attentional-associative networks in real time: Role of the hippocampus and implications for conditioning. Physiological Psychology 8:207–17. [aNF]CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Moore, J. W. & Stickney, K. J. (1982) Goal tracking in attentional-associative networks: Spatial learning and the hippocampus. Physiological Psychology 10:202–8. [aNF]CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Morris, R. G. M. (1981) Spatial localization does not require the presence of local cues. Learning and Motivation 12:239–60. [aNF]CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Morris, R. G. M. (1982) An attempt to dissociate “spatial mapping” and “working memory” theories of hippocampal function. In: Neurobiology of the hippocampus, ed. Seifert, W.. Academic. [rNF]Google Scholar
Morris, R. G. M. (1984) Developments of a water-maze procedure for studying spatial learning in the rat. Journal of Neuroscience Methods 11:47–60. [aNF]CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Morris, R. G. M., Garrud, P., Rawlins, J. N. P. & O'Keefe, J. (1982) Place navigation impaired in rats with hippocampel lesions. Nature 297:681–83. [aNF, LKG]CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Mort, E., Cairns, S., Hersch, H. & Finlay, B. (1980) The role of the superior colliculus in visually-guided locomotion and visual orienting in the hamster. Physiological Psychology 8:20–28. [aNF]CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Moss, M., Mahut, H. & Zola-Morgan, S. (1981) Concurrent discrimination learning of monkeys after hippocampal, entorhinal, or fornix lesions. Journal of Neuroscience 1:227–40. [BEW]CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Mountcastle, V. B., Lynch, J. C., Georgopoulos, A., Sakata, H. & Acuna, C. (1975) Posterior parietal association cortex of the monkey: Command functions for operations within extra-personal space. Journal of Neurophysiology 38:871–908. [VAC]CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Muenzinger, K. F. (1938) Vicarious trial and error at a point of choice. I: A general survey of its relation to learning efficiency. Journal of General Psychology 53:75–86. [aNF]Google Scholar
Murison, R. C. C. (1977) Superior Colliculus Lesions in Rats. Unpublished Ph.D. Thesis, University of Leicester. [arNF]Google Scholar
Murison, R. C. C. (1980) Rats with superior colliculus lesions are able to relearn a jumping stand discrimination task. Behavioral and Neural Biology 30:97–102. [aNF]CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Murison, R. C. C. & Mayes, A. R. (1980) Running task latencies in rats with superior colliculus lesions. Behavioral and Neural Biology 28:65–78. [aNF]CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Myhrer, T. (1975a) Locomotor, avoidance and maze behaviour in rats with selective disruption of hippocampal output. Journal of Comparative and Physiological Psychology 89:759–77. [aNF]CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Myhrer, T. (1975b) Locomotor and avoidance behaviour in rats with partial or total perforant path sections. Physiology and Behavior 15:217–24. [aNF]CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Myhere, T. & Kaada, B. R. (1975) Locomotor avoidance and maze behavior in rats with the dorsal fornix transected. Physiology and Behavior 14:847–83. [aNF]CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Nadel, L. (1968) Dorsal and ventral hippocampal lesions and behaviour. Physiology and Behavior 3:891–900. [aNF]CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Nadel, L. & MacDonald, L. (1980) Hippocampus: Cognitive map or working memory? Behavioral and Neural Biology 29:405–9. [BEW]CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Nadel, L. & O'Keefe, J. (1974) The hippocampus in pieces and patches: An essay on modes of explanation in physiological psychology. In: Essays on the nervous system. A Festschrift for Professor J. Z. Young, ed. Bellairs, R. & Gray, E. G.. Clarendon. [aNF]Google Scholar
Nauta, W. J. H. (1953) Some projections of the medial wall of the hemisphere in the rat's brain (cortical areas 32 and 25, 24 and 29). Anatomical Record 115:352. [aNF]Google Scholar
Neary, T. J. & Northcutt, R. G. (1983) Nuclear organization of the bullfrog diencephalon. The Journal of Comparative Neurology 213:262–78. [J-PE]CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Neisser, U. (1967) Cognitive psychology. Appleton-Century-Crofts. [aNF]Google Scholar
Northcutt, R. G. & Kicliter, E. (1980) Organization of the amphibian telencephalon. In: Comparative neurology of the telencephalon, ed. Ebbesson, S. O. E.. Plenum. [J-PE]Google Scholar
Odling-Smee, F. J. (1975) The role of background stimuli during Pavlovian conditioning. Quarterly Journal of Experimental Psychology 27:161–69. [GW]Google ScholarPubMed
Ogasawara, K., McHaffie, J. G. & Stein, B. E. (1984) Two visual corticotectal systems in cat. Journal of Neurophysiology 52:1226–45. [BES]CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
O'Keefe, J. (1979) A review of hippocampal place cells. Progress in Neurobiology 13:419–39. [LKG]CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
O'Keefe, J. & Conway, D. H. (1979) Hippocampal place units in the freely moving rat: Why they fire where they fire. Experimental Brain Research 31:573–90. [LKG]Google Scholar
O'Keefe, J. & Conway, D. H. (1980) On the trail of the hippocampal engram. Physiological Psychology 8:229–38. [aNF]CrossRefGoogle Scholar
O'Keefe, J. & Dostrovsky, J. (1971) The hippocampus as a spatial map. Preliminary evidence from unit activity in the freely-moving rat. Brain Research 34:171–75. [aNF]CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
O'Keefe, J. & Nadel, L. (1978) The hippocampus as a cognitive map. Oxford University Press. [arNF, DPK, RLM, BEW]Google Scholar
Olavarria, J. & Torrealba, F. (1978) The effect of acute lesions of the striate cortex on the retinotopic organization or the lateral prestriate cortex in the rat. Brain Research 151:386–91. [PD]CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Olton, D. S. (1977) Spatial memory. Scientific American 236:82–98. [aNF]CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Olton, D. S., Becker, J. T. & Handelmann, G. E. (1979) Hippocampus, space and memory. Behavioral and Brain Sciences 2:313–65. [arNF]CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Olton, D. S., Becker, J. T. & Handelmann, G. E. (1980) Hippocampal function: Working memory or cognitive mapping? Physiological Psychology 8:239–46. [aNF]CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Olton, D. S., Branch, M. & Best, P. J. (1978) Spatial correlates of hippocampal unit activity. Experimental Neurology 58:387–409. [aNF]CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Olton, D. S. & Papas, B. C. (1979) Spatial memory and hippocampal function. Neuropsychologia 17:669–82. [aNF, LKG]CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Olton, D. S. & Samuelson, R. J. (1976) Remembrance of places passed: Spatial memory in rats. Journal of Experimental Psychology 2:97–116. [aNF]Google Scholar
Olton, D. S. & Werz, M. A. (1978) Hippocampal function and behaviour:Spatial discrimination and response inhibition. Physiology and Behavior 20:597–605. [arNF]CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Overton, P., Dean, P. & Redgrave, P. (1985a) Detection of visual stimuli in the far periphery by rats: Possible role of superior colliculus. Experimental Brain Research 59:559–69. [PD]CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Overton, P., Dean, P. & Redgrave, P. (1985b) Sensitivity to small, transient stimuli in central visual field affected by lesions of the superior colliculus in the rat. Neuroscience Letters Supplement 22:S316. [PD]Google Scholar
Palmer, L. A., Rosenquist, A. C. & Sprague, J. M. (1972) Corticotectal systems in the cat: Their structure and function. In: Corticothalamic projections and sensorimotor activities, ed. Frigyesi, T., Rinvik, E. & Yahr, M. D.. Raven. [aNF, WI]Google Scholar
Pandya, D. N. & Yeterian, E. H. (1984) Proposed neural circuitry for spatial memory in the primate brain. Neuropsychologia 22:109–22. [aNF]CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Pasik, T., Pasik, P. & Bender, M. B. (1966) The superior colliculus and eye movements. Archives of Neurology 15:420–36. [aNF, WI]CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Passingham, R. E. (1979) Book reviews: The hippocampus as a cognitive map. Neuroscience 4:63. [aNF]CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Pearce, J. M. & Hall, G. (1980) A model for Pavolvian learning: Variations in the effectiveness of conditioned but not of unconditioned stimuli. Psychological Review 87:532–52. [NAS]CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Perry, V. H. & Cowey, A. (1984) Retinal ganglion cells that project to the superior colliculus and pretectum in the macaque monkey. Neuroscience 12:1125–37. [PD]CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Pico, R. M., Gerbrandt, L. K. & Ivy, G. O. (1985) During stepwise cue deletion, rat place behaviors correlate with place unit responses. Brain Research 330:369–72. [LKG]CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Platt, J. R. (1964) Strong inference. Science 146:347–53. [rNF, DPK]CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Pope, S. G. & Dean, P. (1979) Hyperactivity, aphagia and motor disturbance following lesions of superior colliculus and underlying tegmentum in rats. Behavioral and Neural Biology 27:433–53. [aNF]CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Poplawsky, A. & Isaacson, R. L. (1983) Changes in open field behaviors following septal lesions in rats. Behavioral and Neural Biology 38:61–69. [aNF]CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Posey, T. B. (1972) The hippocampal inhibition deficit in positively reinforced discrete trial learning. Psychonomic Science 26:246–48 [aNF]CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Posner, M. I. (1980) Orienting of attention. Quarterly Journal of Experimental Psychology 32:3–25. (aNF, DLR]CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Posner, M. I. & Cohen, Y. (1984) Components of visual orienting. In: Attention & performance X “Control of Language Processes,“ ed. Bouma, H. & Bouwhuis, D. G.. Erlbaum. [ADM]Google Scholar
Powell, D. A. & Buchanan, S. (1980) Autonomie-somatic relationships in the rabbit (Oryctolagus cuniculus): Effects of hippocampal lesions. Physiological Psychology 8:455–62. [NAS]CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Powell, W. & Hoelle, D. (1967) Spinotectal projections in the cat. Experimental Neurology 18:177–183. [aNF]CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Pycock, C. J. (1980) Turning behaviour in animals. Neuroscience 5:461–514. [aNF]CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Rabe, A. & Haddad, R. K. (1969) Acquisition of two-way shuttle box avoidance after selective hippocampal lesions. Physiology and Behavior 4:319–23. [aNF]CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Raczkowski, D., Casagrande, V. A. & Diamond, I. T. (1976) Visual neglect in the tree shrew after interruption of the descending projections of the deep superior colliculus. Experimental Neurology 50:14–29. [rNF, VAC]CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Radulovacki, M. & Adey, W. R. (1965) The hippocampus and the orienting reflex. Experimental Neurology 12:68–83. [aNF]CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Raisman, G. W., Cowan, M. & Powell, T. P. S. (1965) The extrinsic afferent, eommisural and association fibres of the hippocampus. Brain 88:963–98. [aNF]CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Raisman, G. W., Cowan, M. & Powell, T. P. S. (1966) An experimental analysis of the efferent projection of the hippocampus. Brain 89:83–108. (aNF]CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Ranck, J. B. Jr (1973) Studies on single neurons in dorsal hippocampal formation and septum in unrestrained rats. Experimental Neurology 41:461–555. [aNF, NAS]CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Ranck, J. B. Jr (1975) Behavioral correlates and firing repertoires of neurons in the dorsal hippocampal formation and septum of unrestrained rats. In: The hippocampus: vol. 2, ed. Isaacson, R. L. & Pribram, K. H.. Plenum. [LKG]Google Scholar
Raphelson, A. C., Isaacson, R. L. & Douglas, R. J. (1965) The effect of distracting stimuli on the runway performance of limbic-damaged rats. Psychonomic Science 3:483–84. [aNF]CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Rawlins, J. N. P., Winocur, G. & Gray, J. A. (1983) The hippocampus, collateral behaviour, and timing. Behavioural Neuroscience 97:857j.n[aNF]CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Raybourn, M. S. & Keller, E. L. (1977) Colliculoreticular organisation in primate oculomotor system. Journal of Neurophysiology 40:861–78. [rNF]CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Redding, F. K. (1967) Modification of sensory cortical evoked potentials by hippocampal stimulation. Electroencephalography and Clinical Neurophysiology 22:74–83. [aNF]CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Rhoades, R. W., Kuo, D. C., Polcer, J. D., Fish, S. E. & Voneida, T. J. (1982) Indirect visual cortical input to the deep layers of the hamster superior colliculus via the basal ganglia. Journal of Comparative Neurology 208:239–54. [aNF]CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Rick, J. T. (1983) In search of a retarded rat. In: Animal models of human behaviour, ed. Davey, G. C. L.. Wiley. [aNF]Google Scholar
Riekert, E. J. & Bennett, T. L. (1972) Performance of hippocampectomised rats on discontinuous negatively correlated reward. Behavioral Biology 7:375–82. [aNF]CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Riddell, W. I., Rothblat, L. A. & Wilson, W. A. (1969) Auditory and visual distraction in hippocampectomised rats. Journal of Comparative and Physiological Psychology 67:216–19. [aNF]CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Rizzolatti, G. (1983) Mechanisms of selective attention in mammals. In: Advances in vertebrate neuroethology, ed. Ewert, J-P., Capranica, R. R. & Ingle, D. J.. Plenum. [aNF, ADM]Google Scholar
Rizzolatti, G., Matelli, M. & Pavesi, G. (1983) Deficits in attention and movement following the removal of postarcuate (area 6) and prearcuate (area 8) cortex in macaque monkey. Brain 106:655–73. [VAC]CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Roberts, W. W., Dember, W. N. & Brodwick, M. (1962) Alternation and exploration in rats with hippocampal lesions. Journal of Comparative and Physiological Psychology 55:695–700. [aNF]CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Robinson, D. A. (1972) Eye movements evoked by eollicular stimulation in the alert monkey. Vision Research 12:1795–1808. [arNF]CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Robinson, D. L., Goldberg, M. F., & Stanton, G. B. (1978) The parietal association cortex in the primate: Sensory mechanisms and behavioral modulations. Journal of Neurophysiology 41:910–32. [VAC]CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Rogozea, R. & Ungher, J. (1968) Changes in orienting activity in cat induced by chronic hippocampal lesions. Experimental Neurology 21:176–86. [aNF]CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Rose, J. D. (1985) Dorsal-ventral differences in the midbrain distribution of single neurons with head movement-correlated and locomotion-correlated firing in the golden hamster. Experimental Neurology 87:225–34. [aNF]CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Roucoux, A. & Crommelinck, M. (1976) Eye movements evoked by superior eollicular stimulation in the alert cat. Brain Research 106:349–63. [aNF]CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Routtenberg, A. (1971) Stimulus processing and response execution: A neurobehavioural theory. Physiology and Behavior 6:589–96. [aNF]CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Routtenberg, A. & Kramis, R. C. (1968) Hippocampal correlates of aversive midbrain stimulation. Science 160:1363–65. [aNF]CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Routtenberg, A., Strop, M. & Jerdan, J. (1978) Response of the infant rat to light prior to eyelid opening: Mediation by the superior colliculus. Developmental Psychobiology 11:469–78. [aNF]CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Routtenberg, A. & Taub, F. (1973) Hippocampus and superior colliculus: Congruent EEC activity demonstrated by a simple measure. Behavioral Biology 8:801–5. [aNF, LKG]CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Sager, O., Nestianu, V. & Florea-Ciocoiu, V. (1967) EEC studies on the transmission of visual stimuli to the hippocampus. Electroencephalography and Clinical Neurophysiology 22:576. [aNF]Google Scholar
Sakai, K., Sano, K. & Iwahara, S. (1973) Eye movements and the hippocampal theta activity in cats. Electroencephalography and Clinical Neurophysiology 34:547–49. [aNF]CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Sakakura, H. & Doty, R. W. Sr (1976) EEG of striate cortex in blind monkeys: Effects of eye movements and sleep. Archives Italicnnes de Biologic 114:23–48. [DLR]Google ScholarPubMed
Samuels, I. & Valian, V. (1968) Hippocampal lesions and redundant visual cues: Effects on spatial reversal learning and subsequent visual discriminations. Proceedings of the American Psychological Association 3:321–22. [aNF]Google Scholar
Saporta, S. & Greene, E. (1974) Orienting bias in the rat produced by hippocampal lesion. Behavioral Biology 11:339–51. [aNF]CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Schaeffer, K.-P. (1972) Neuronal elements of the orienting response. Bibliographia Ophthalmologica 82:139–48. [arNF]Google Scholar
Schiller, P. H. (1972) The role of monkey superior colliculus in eye movement and vision. Investigative Ophthalmology 11:451–60. [aNF]Google ScholarPubMed
Schiller, P. H. & Stryker, M. (1972) Single unit recording and stimulation in superior colliculus of the alert rhesus monkey. Journal of Neurophysiology 35:915–24. [aNF]CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Schiller, P. H., True, S. D. & Conway, J. L. (1980) Deficits in eye movements following frontal eye-field and superior colliculus ablations. Journal of Neurophysiology 44:1175–89. [aNF]CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Schlag, J. & Schlag-Rey, M. (1970) Induction of oculomotor responses by electrical stimulation of prefrontal cortex in the cat. Brain Research 22:1–13. [rNF]CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Schlag, J. & Schlag-Rey, M. (1971) Induction of oculomotor responses from thalamic internal medullary lamina in the cat. Experimental Neurology 33:498–508. [rNF]CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Schlag-Rey, M. & Lindsley, D. B. (1970) Effect of prefrontal lesions on trained anticipatory visual attending in cats. Physiology and Behavior 5:1033–41. [rNF]CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Schmajuk, N. A. (1984) Psychological theories of hippocampal function. Physiological Psychology 12:166–83. [arNF]CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Schmajuk, N. A. (1984a) A model for the effects of the hippocampal lesions on Pavlovian conditioning. Abstracts of the 14th Annual Meeting of the Society for Neuroscience 10:124. [NAS]Google Scholar
Schmajuk, N. A. & Moore, J. W. (1985) Real-time attentional models for classical conditioning and the hippocampus. Physiological Psychology 13:278–90. [rNF, NAS]CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Schmajuk, N. A. & Moore, J. W. (1986) Attentional-associative models in real time: Role of the hippocampus in classical conditioning. Submitted. [NAS]Google Scholar
Schmajuk, N. A., Spear, N. E. & Isaacson, R. L. (1983) Absence of overshadowing in rats with hippocampal lesions. Physiological Psychology 11:59–62. [arNF]CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Schmitt, P., Di Scala, G., Brandaô, M. L. & Karli, P. (1985) Behavioral effects of microinjections of SR95103, a new GABA-A antagonist, into the medial hypothalamus or the mesencephalic central grey. European Journal of Pharmacology 117:149–58. [BEW]CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Schmitt, P., Eclancher, F. & Karli, P. (1974) Etude des systèmes de renforcement négatif et de renforcement positif au niveau de la substance grise centrale chez 1e rat. Physiology & Behaviour 12:271–79. [BEW]CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Schneider, G. E. (1969) Two visual systems. Science 163:895–902. [aNF, PD]CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Schneider, G. E. (1970) Mechanisms of functional recovery following lesions of visual cortex or superior colliculus in neonate and adult hamsters. Brain, Behavior and Evolution 3:295–323. [BEW]CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Sengstake, C. B. (1968) Habituation and activity patterns of rats with large hippocampal lesions under various drive conditions. Journal of Comparative and Physiological Psychology 65:504–6. [aNF]CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Sherrington, C. S. (1906) The integrative action of the central nervous system. Yale University Press. [JB]Google Scholar
Shuttleworth, D., Neill, D. & Ellen, P. (1984) The place of physiological psychology in neuroscience. Physiological Psychology 12:3–7. [arNF]CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Silveira, J. M. & Kimble, D. P. (1968) Brightness discrimination and reversal in hippocampally-lesioned rats. Physiology and Behavior 3:625–30. [aNF]CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Smith, C. J. & Weldon, D. A. (1976) Hyperactivity and deficits in problem solving following superior colliculus lesions in the rat. Physiology and Behavior 16:381–85. [aNF]CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Sokolov, E. N. (1960) Neuronal models and the orienting reflex. In: The central nervous system and behavior, ed. Brazier, M. A. B.. Josiah Macy Foundation. [arNF]Google Scholar
Solomon, P. R. (1977) Role of the hippocampus in blocking and conditioned inhibition of the rabbit's nictitating membrane response. Journal of Comparative and Physiological Psychology 91:407–17. [arNF]CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Spiegel, T. A., Hostetter, G. & Thomas, G. J. (1966) Effects of bilateral lesions in the hippocampus on acquisition of two maze problems. Psychonomic Science 6:205–6. [aNF]CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Sprague, J. M. (1966) Interaction of cortex and superior colliculus in mediation of visually-guided behaviour in the cat. Science 153:1544–47. [aNF]CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Sprague, J. M. (1975) Mammalian tectum: Intrinsic organization, afferent inputs and integrative mechanisms. Anatomical substrate. In: Sensorimotor functions of the midbrain tectum, ed. Ingle, D. & Sprague, J. M.Neurosciences research progress bulletin, (volume 13, no. 2). [arNF]Google Scholar
Sprague, J. M., Berlucchi, G. & Rizzolatti, G. (1973) The role of the superior colliculus and pretectum in vision and visually-guided behavior. In: Handbook of sensory physiology, vol. 7/3B, ed. Jung, R.. Springer-Verlag. [aNF]Google Scholar
Sprague, J. M. & Meikle, T. H. (1965) The role of the superior colliculus in visually guided behavior. Experimental Neurology 11:115–46. [aNF]CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Startzl, T. E. & Whitlock, D. G. (1952) Diffuse thalamic projection system in monkey. Journal of Neurophysiology 15:449–69. [aNF]CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Stein, B. E. & Arigbede, M. O. (1972) Unimodal and multimodal response properties of neurons in cat's superior colliculus. Experimental Neurology 36:179–96. [BES]CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Stein, B. E., Spencer, R. F. & Edwards, S. B. (1982) Efferent projections of the neonatal superior colliculus: Extraoculomotor-related brain stem structures. Brain Research 239:17–28. [BES]CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Stein, D. G. & Kimble, D. P. (1966) Effects of hippocampal lesions and post-trial strychnine administration on maze behaviour in the rat. Journal of Comparative and Physiological Psychology 62:243–49. [aNF]CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Stevens, R. G. (1973) Probability discrimination learning in hippocampectomised rats. Physiology and Behavior 10:1023–27. [aNF]CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Stevens, R. G. (1981) Changing focus: Brain mechanisms of selective attention. In: Aspects of consciousness, ed. Underwood, G. & Stevens, R. G.. Academic Press. [aNF]Google Scholar
Stevens, R. G. & Cowey, A. (1972) Enhanced alternation learning in hippocampectomised rats by means of added light cues. Brain Research 46:1–22. [aNF]CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Stevens, R. G. & Cowey, A. (1973) Effects of dorsal and ventral hippocampal lesions on spontaneous alternation, learned alternation and probability learning in the rat. Brain Research 52:203–24. [aNF]CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Straschill, M. & Rieger, P. (1973) Eye movements evoked by focal stimulation of the cat's superior colliculus. Brain Research 59:211–27. [aNF]CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Strong, P. N. & Jackson, W. J. (1970) Effects of hippocampal lesions in rats on three measures of activity. Journal of Comparative and Physiological Psychology 70:60–65. [NF]CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Sudo, A. (1983) Time course of the changes of catecholamine levels in rat brain due to swimming stress. Brain Research 276:372–74. [aNF]CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Sutherland, R. J. & Dyck, R. M. (1984) Place navigation by rats in a swimming pool. Canadian Journal of Physiology and Pharmacology 38:322–47. [JB]Google Scholar
Sutherland, R. J., Whishaw, Q. & Regehr, J. C. (1982) Cholinergic receptor blockade impairs spatial localization by use of distal cues in the rat. Journal of Comparative and Physiological Psychology 4:563–73. [JB]CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Suzuki, S., Augerinos, G. & Black, A. H. (1980) Stimulus control of spatial behavior on the eight-arm maze in rats. Learning and Motivation 11:1–18. [arNF]CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Swanson, L. W. (1982) Normal hippocampal circuitry: Anatomy. In: Hippocampal long-term potentiation: Mechanisms and implications for memory, ed. Swanson, L. W., Teyler, T. J. 'xR.xx&Google Scholar
Thompson, R. F.. Neurosciences Research Program Bulletin 20:624–34. [LKG]Google Scholar
Takahashi, T. (1985) The organization of the lateral thalamus of the hooded rat. Journal of Comparative Neurology 231:281–309. [PD]CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Talland, G. (1965) Deranged memory. Academic Press. [aNF]Google Scholar
Tasiro, S. (1939) Experimental-anatomical studies of the efferent pathways from the colliculi of the white rat. Niigata lgakkai Zasshi 54:1402–21. [aNF]Google Scholar
Teitelbaum, H. & Milner, P. (1963) Activity changes following partial hippocampal lesions in rats. Journal of Comparative and Physiological Psychology 56:284–89. [aNF]CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Thinus-Blanc, C. (1983) Localization, orienting responses and attention in the golden hamster. In: Advances in vertebrate neuroethology, eds. Ewert, J-P, Capranica, R. R. & Ingle, D. J.. NATO-ASI Series, 56. Plenum. [aNF]Google Scholar
Thinus-Blanc, C. & Lecas, J. C. (1985) Effects of collicular lesions in the hamster during visual discrimination. An analysis from computer-video actograms. Quarterly Journal of Experimental Psychology 37B:213–33. [aNF]CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Thompson, R. F. & Kramer, R. F. (1965) Role of association cortex in sensory preconditioning. Journal of Comparative and Physiological Psychology 60:186–91. [NAS]CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Tiao, Y.-C. & Blakemore, C. (1976a) Functional organization in the visual cortex of the golden hamster. Journal of Comparative Neurology 168:459–82. [PD]Google ScholarPubMed
Tiao, Y.-C. & Blakemore, C. (1976b) Functional organization in the superior colliculus of the golden hamster. Journal of Comparative Neurology 168:483–504. [PD]Google ScholarPubMed
Tischler, M. D. & Davis, M. (1983) A visual pathway that mediates fear-conditioned enhancement of acoustic startle. Brain Research 276:55–71. [rNF]CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Todd, J. T. & Van Gelder, P. (1979) Implications of a transient-sustained dichotomy for the measurement of human performance. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Human Perception and Performance 5:625–38. [aNF]Google ScholarPubMed
Tolman, E. C. (1948) Cognitive maps in rats and men. Psychological Review 55:189–208. [aNF]CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Trevarthen, C. B. (1968) Vision in fish: The origins of the visual frame for action in vertebrates. In: The central nervous system and fish behavior, ed. Ingle, D.. University of Chicago Press. [aNF]Google Scholar
Trulson, M. & Randall, W. (1973) 5-hydroxytryptamine metabolism, superior colliculus and grooming behaviour in cats with pontile lesions. Journal of Comparative and Physiological Psychology 85:1–10. [aNF]CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Tunkl, J. E. & Berkley, M. A. (1974) Form discrimination and localisation. Performance in cats with superior collicular ablations. Journal of Comparative Neurology 176:575–88. [aNF]CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Ungerleider, L. G. & Mishkin, M. (1982) Two cortical visual systems. In: Analysis of visual behavior, ed. Ingle, D. J., Goodale, M. A. & Mansfield, R. J. W.. MIT Press. aNF, VAC]Google Scholar
Valenstein, E. S. & Nauta, W. J. H. (1959) A comparison of the distribution of the fornix system in the rat, guinea pig and monkey. Journal of Comparative Neurology 113:337–63. [aNF]CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Vanderwolf, C. H. (1971) Limbic-diencephalic mechanisms of voluntary movement. Psychological Review 78:83–113. [aNF]CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Vanderwolf, C. H. (1983) The influence of psychological concepts on brain-behavior research. In: Behavioral approaches to brain research, ed. Robinson, T. E.. Oxford University Press. [aNF]Google Scholar
Van Essen, D. C., Maunsell, J. H. R. & Bixby, J. L. (1981) The middle temporal area in the macaque: Myeloarchitecture connections, functional properties and topographic organization. Journal of Comparative Neurology 199:293–326. [VAC]CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Van Hoesen, G. W., Wilson, L. M., MacDougall, J. M. & Mitchell, J. C. (1972) Selective hippocampal complex deafferentation and deefferentation and avoidance behavior in rats. Physiology and Behavior 8:873–79. [aNF]CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Vaughan, J. (1984) Saccades directed at previously attended locations in space. In: Theoretical and applied aspects of eye movement research, ed. Gale, A. G. & Johnson, F.. Elsevier [rNF]Google Scholar
Venables, H. (1979) Attention to peripheral cues by hippocampectomised rats in a simultaneous visual discrimination task. Unpublished dissertation, University of Nottingham. [aNF]Google Scholar
Vertes, R. P. (1980) Localisation of brainstem nuclei and their ascending pathways that control the hippocampal EEC. Society for Neuroscience Abstracts 5:109 [aNF]Google Scholar
Vindogradova, O. S. (1970) Registration of information in the limbic system. In: Short-term changes in neural activity and behaviour, ed. Horn, C. & Hinde, R. A.. Cambridge University Press. [arNF, J-PE]Google Scholar
Vindogradova, O. S. (1975) Hippocampus and the orienting reflex. In: Neuronal mechanisms of the orienting reflex, ed. Sokolov, E. N. & Vinogradova, O.. Erlbaum. [J-PE]Google Scholar
Voneida, T. J. (1970) Behavioral changes following midline section of the mesencephalic tegmentum in the cat and monkey. Brain, Behavior and Evolution 3:241–60. [rNF]CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Walker, J. A. & Olton, D. S. (1984) Fimbria-fornix lesions impair spatial working memory but not cognitive mapping. Behavioral Neuroscience 98:226–42. [rNF, BEW]CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Weinberg, D. & Stein, D. G. (1978) Impairment and recovery of visual functions after bilateral lesions of superior colliculus. Physiology and Behavior 20:323–29. -[aNF]CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Weiskrantz, L. (1968) Treatments, inferences and brain functions (Chapter 14); Some traps and pontifications (Chapter 15). In: Analysis of behavioral change, ed. Weiskrantz, L.. Harper & Row. [arNF]Google Scholar
Weiskrantz, L. (1974) The interaction between occipital and temporal cortex in vision: An overview. In: The neurosciences: Third study program, ed. Schmitt, F. O. & Worden, F. G.. M.I.T. Press. [aNF]Google Scholar
Weiskrantz, L. (1977) Trying to bridge some neuropsychological gaps between monkey and man. British Journal of Psychology 68:431–45. [aNF]CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Weldon, D. A. (1980) Task-specific deficits in reversal performance following superior collicular lesions in rats. Physiology and Behavior 24:1081–89. [aNF]CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Weldon, D. A. & Smith, C. J. (1979) Superior colliculus lesions and environmental experience: Nonvisual effects on problem solving and locomotor activity. Physiology and Behavior 23:159–65. [rNF]CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Wertlieb, D. & Rose, D. (1979) Maturation of maze behaviour in preschool children. Developmental Psychology 15:478–79. [rNF]CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Whishaw, I. Q. (1974) Light avoidance in normal rats and rats with primary visual system lesions. Physiological Psychology 2:143–47. [aNF]CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Wickelgren, W. D. & Isaacson, R. L. (1963) Effect of introduction of an irrelevant stimulus on runway performance of the hippocampectomised rat. Nature (London) 200:48–50. [aNF]CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Wilczynski, W. & Northcutt, R. G. (1983) Connections of the bullfrog striatum: Efferent projections. Journal of Comparative Neurology 214:333–43. [J-PE]CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Will, B. E., Deluzarche, F. & Kelche, G. R. (1983) Does postoperative environment attenuate or exacerbate symptoms which follow hippocampal lesions in rats? Behavioral Brain Research 7:125–32. [BEW]CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Will, B. E. & Eclancher, F. (1984) Early brain damage and early environment. In: The behavioral biology of early brain damage, ed. Almli, C. R., Finger, S.. Academic Press. [BEW]Google Scholar
Will, B. E., Sehmitt, P. & Dalrymple-Alford, J. C., eds. (1985) Brain plasticity, learning and memory. Plenum. [BEW]CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Winocur, G. (1980) The hippocampus and cue utilization. Physiologica Psychology 8:280–88. [aNF]CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Winocur, G. (1982) Radial-arm-maze behavior by rats with dorsal hippocampal lesions: Effects of cuing. Journal of Comparative and Physiological Psychology 96:155–69. [rNF]CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Winocur, G. & Bindra, D. (1976) Effects of additional cues on passive avoidance learning and extinction in rats with hippocampal lesions. Physiology and Behavior 17:915–20. [aNF]CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Winocur, G. & Breckenridge, C. B. (1973) Cue-dependent behavior of hippocampally damaged rats in a complex maze. Journal of Comparative and Physiological Psychology 82:512–22. [aNF]CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Winocur, G. & Gilbert, M. (1984) The hippocampus, context and information processing. Behavioral and Neural Biology 40:27–43.[aNF, GW]CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Winocur, G. & Mills, J. A. (1970) Transfer between related and unrelated problems following hippocampal lesions in rats. Journal of Comparative and Physiological Psychology 73:162–69. [aNF]CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Winocur, G. & Olds, J. (1978) Effects of context manipulation on memory and reversal learning in rats with hippocampal lesions. Journal of Comparative and Physiological Psychology 92:312–21. [GW]CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Winocur, G., Rawlins, J. N. P. & Gray, J. A. (in press) The hippocampus and conditioning to contextual cues. [GW]Google Scholar
Winterkorn, J. M. S. (1975) Similar deficits in visual learning by cats with lesions of the frontal cortex or the superior colliculus. Brain Research 83:163–68. [aNF]CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Winterkorn, J. M. S. & Meikle, T. H. (1981) Distractibility of cats with lesions of the superior colliculus-pretectum during performance of a 4-choice visual discrimination. Brain Research 206:345–60. [aNF]CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Wurtz, R. H. (1985) Stimulus selection and conditional response mechanisms in the basal ganglia of the monkey. In: Mechanisms of attention; Attention and performance XI, ed. Posner, M. I. & Marin, O. S. M.. Erlbaum. [arNF]Google Scholar
Wurtz, R. H. & Albano, J. E. (1980) Visual-motor function of the primate superior colliculus. Annual Review of Neuroscience 3:189–227. [VAC]CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Wurtz, R. H., Goldberg, M. E. & Robinson, D. L. (1980) Behavioral modulation of visual responses in the monkey: Stimulus selection for attention and movement. Progress in Psyclwbiology and Physiological Psychology 9:43–83. [ADM, DLR]Google Scholar
Wurtz, R. H. & Goldberg, M. E. (1972) Activity of superior colliculus in behaving monkey. IV. Effects of lesions on eye movements. Journal of Neurophysiology 35:587–96. [arNF]CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Wurtz, R. H. & Hikosaka, O. (1986) The basal ganglia and eye movements. In: Progress in Brain Research. 64:175–90. [aNF]CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Wurtz, R. H. & Mohler, C. W. (1976) Organisation of monkey superior colliculus: Enhanced visual responses of superficial layer cells. Journal of Neurophysiology 39:745–65. [aNF]CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Yoerg, S. I. & Kamil, A. C. (1982) Response strategies in the radial arm maze: Running around in circles. Animal Learning and Behavior 10:530–34. [rNF, JB]CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Zoladek, L. & Roberts, W. A. (1978) The sensory basis of spatial memory in the rat. Animal Learning and Behavior 6:77–81. [JB]CrossRefGoogle Scholar