Adam, K. (1951) Der Waldelefant von Lehringen, cine Jagdbeute des diluvialen Menschen. Quartär 5:75–92. [PGC]Google Scholar

Aiello, L. A. & Dunbar, R. I. M. (1993) Neocortex size, group size and the evolution of language within the hominids. Current Anthropology 34:185–93. [RIMD]CrossRefGoogle Scholar

American Psychiatric Association (1987) Diagnostic and statistical manual of mental disorders: DSM-III-R (3rd ed., revised). American Psychiatric Association. [LDK]Google Scholar

Anderson, J. R. (1983) The architecture of cognition. Harvard University Press. [rMD]Google Scholar

Arbib, M. A. (1973) Man-machine symbiosis and the evolution of human freedom. American Scholar 43(1):38–54. [MAA]Google Scholar

Arbib, M. A. (1982) Cooperative computation and the cybernetic society. In: Progress in cybernetics and systems research, vol. 8 ed. Trappl, R., Klir, G. & Pichler, F. R.. Hemisphere Publishing. [MAA]Google Scholar

Arbib, M. A. (1987) Modularity and interaction of brain regions underlying visuomotor coordination. In: Modularity in knowledge representation and natural language understanding, ed. Garfield, J. L.. MIT Press/Bradford Books. [MAA]Google Scholar

Arbib, M. A. (1989) The metaphorical brain 2: Neural networks and beyond. Wiley-Interscience. [MAA]Google Scholar

Arbib, M. A. & Caplan, D. (1979) Neurolinguistics must be computational. Behavioral and Brain Sciences 2:449–83. [MAA]CrossRefGoogle Scholar

Arbib, M. A. & Hesse, M. B. (1986) The construction of reality. Cambridge University Press. [MAA]Google Scholar

Arensburg, B., Schepartz, L. A., Tillier, A.-M., Vandermeersch, B. & Rak, Y. (1990) A reappraisal of the anatomical basis for speech in the Middle Pleistocene hominids. American Journal of Physical Anthropology 83:137–46. [CLB]CrossRefGoogle Scholar

Arensburg, B., Tillier, A.-M., Vandermeersch, B., Duday, H., Schepartz, L. A. & Rak, Y. (1989) A Middle Palaeolithic human hyoid bone. Nature 338:758–60. [CLB, CW]CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed

Argyle, M. (1975) Bodily communication. Methuen. [aMD]Google Scholar

Armstrong, E. (1990) Brains, bodies and metabolism. Brain Behavior and Evolution 36:166–76. [HJJ]CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed

Asfaw, B., Beyene, Y., Suwa, C., Walter, R. C., White, T. D., WoldeGabriel, G. & Yemane, T. (1992) The earliest Acheulian from Konso-Gardula. Nature 360:732–35. [CW]CrossRefGoogle Scholar

Bachman, K. (1990) Using mental imagery to practice a specific psychomotor skill. Journal of Continuing Education in Nursing 21:125–28. [BB]CrossRefGoogle Scholar

Baddeley, A. D. (1986) Wording memory. Clarendon Press. [aMD]Google ScholarPubMed

Baddeley, A. D. (1992) Is working memory working? Quarterly Journal of Experimental Psychology 44A:1–32. [KJG]CrossRefGoogle Scholar

Bányai, É. I. (1985) A social psychophysiological approach to the understanding of hypnosis: The interaction between hypnotist and subject: Hypnos. Swedish Journal of Hypnosis and Psychotherapy and Psychosomatic Medicine 12:186–210. [VC]Google Scholar

Bányai, É. I. (1992) Toward a social psychobiological model of hypnosis. In: Theories of hypnosis: Current models and perspectives ed. Lynn, S. J. & Rhue, J.. Cuilford Press. [VC]Google Scholar

Bar-Yosef, O. (1992a) Middle Paleolithic human adaptations in the Mediterranean Levant. In: The evolution and dispersal of modern humans in Asia, ed. Akazawa, T., Aoki, K. & Kimura, T.. HokusenSha. [CLB]Google Scholar

Bar-Yosef, O. (1992b) The role of western Asia in modern human origins. Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society of London 337:193–200. [PGC]Google ScholarPubMed

Barnes, D. P. & Hampson, P. J. (1992) Stimulus equivalence, relational frame theory and connectionism: Implications for behaviour analysis and cognitive science. In: Proceedings of the 15th Symposium on Quantitative Analyses of Behaviour. Harvard University Press. [PJH]Google Scholar

Barnes, D. P., McCullagh, P. D. & Keenan, M. (1990) Equivalence class formation in non-hearing impaired children and hearing impaired children. Analysis of Verbal Behavior 8:19–30. [PJH]CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed

Barnes, J., ed. (1984) The complete works of Aristotle. Princeton University Press. [JPS]Google Scholar

Bartlett, F. C. (1929) Psychology of culture contact. In: Encyclopaedia Britannica (13th ed.), vol. 29. Encyclopaedia Britannica. [ACo]Google Scholar

Bartlett, F. C. (1932) Remembering. Cambridge University Press. [ACo]Google Scholar

Barwise, J. & Perry, J. (1983) Situations and attitudes. MIT Press. [JZ]Google Scholar

Bates, E. & MacWhinney, B. (1987) Competition, variation and language learning. In: Mechanisms of language acquisition, ed. MacWhinney, B.. Erlbaum. [aMD]Google Scholar

Bateson, G. (1972) Steps to an ecology of mind. Ballantine. [ET]Google Scholar

Bateson, G. (1979) Mind and nature: A necessary unity. E. P. Dutton. [ET]Google Scholar

Bennett, J. (1988) Thoughtful brutes. American Philosophical Association Proceedings and Addresses 62:197–210. [ET]Google Scholar

Berlin, I. (1957) The hedgehog and the fax. Weidenfeld and Nicholson. [JC]Google Scholar

Bickerton, D. (1990) Language and species. University of Chicago Press. [aMD, DB]CrossRefGoogle Scholar

Binford, L. R. (1985) Human ancestors: Changing views of their behavior. Journal of Anthropological Archaeology 4:292–327. [TW]CrossRefGoogle Scholar

Binford, L. R. (1987) Were there elephant hunters at Torralba? In: The evolution of human hunting, ed. Nitecki, M. H. & Nitecki, D. V.. Plenum Press. [PGC]Google Scholar

Birdsell, J. B. (1979) Ecological influences on Australian aboriginal social organization. In: Primate ecology and human origins: Ecological influences on social organization, ed. Bernstein, I. W. & Smith, E. O.. Garland. [CLB]Google Scholar

Bitterman, M. E. (1965) Phyletic differences in learning. American Psychologist 20:396–410. [rMD]CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed

Boehm, C. (1988) Vocal communication of Pan Troglodytes: “Triangulating” to the origin of spoken language. In: Language origin: A multidisciplinary approach, ed. Wind, J., Chiarelli, B., Bichakjian, B. & Nocentini, A. with Jouker, A.. NATO Advanced Science Institute Series. D: Behavioral and social sciences, vol. 61. Kluwer. [AM]Google Scholar

Boesch, C. (1991) Teaching among wild chimpanzees. Animal Behaviour 41:530–32. [RWM]CrossRefGoogle Scholar

Boesch, C. & Boesch-Ackermann, H. (1991) Dim forest, bright chimps. Natural History 9:50–57. [rMD, AM]Google Scholar

Bordes, F. (1961) Typologie de Paléolithique Ancien et Moyen. Mémoire no. 1. Publications de l'Institut de Préhistoire de l'Université de Bordeaux. [CLB]Google Scholar

Bordes, F. & Bourgon, M. (1951) Le complexe Moustérien: Moustériens', Levalloisien et Tayacien. L'Anthropologie 55:1–23. [CLB]Google Scholar

Bowdler, S. (1976) Hook, line, and dillybag: An interpretation of an Australian coastal shell midden. Mankind 10:248–58. [CLB]CrossRefGoogle Scholar

Boyd, R. & Richerson, P. J. (1985) Culture and the evolutionary process. University of Chicago Press. [JC, HCP]Google Scholar

Boysen, S., Berntson, C. & Prentice, J. (1987) Simian scribbles: A reappraisal of drawing in the chimpanzee (Pan troglodytes). Journal of Comparative Psychology 101:82–89. [TW]CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed

Brace, C. L. (1979) Krapina, “classic” Neanderthals, and the evolution of the European face. Journal of Human Evolution 8:527–50. [CLB]CrossRefGoogle Scholar

Brace, C. L. (in press) Trends in the evolution of human tooth size. In: Ninth international symposium on dental morphology, ed. J. Moggi-Cecchi. Angelo Pontecoroli Editore. [CLB]Google Scholar

Brace, C. L., Nelson, H., Korn, N. & Brace, M. L. (1979) Atlas of human evolution. Holt, Rinehart and Winston. [CLB]Google Scholar

Broadbent, D. E. (1993) Comparison with human experiments. In: The simulation of human intelligence, ed. Broadbent, D. E.. Basil Blackwell. [KJG]Google Scholar

Brown, F., Harris, J., Leakey, R. & Walker, A. (1985) Early Homo erectas skeleton from west Lake Turkana. Nature 316:788–92. [CW]CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed

Brownman, C. P. & Goldstein, L. (1989) Articulatory gestures as phonological units. Phonology 6:201–51. [aMD]Google Scholar

Bruner, J. (1981) Intention in the structure of action and interaction. In: Advances in infancy research, vol. 1, ed. Lipsett, L.. Ablex. [MT]Google Scholar

Burge, T. (1986) Individualism and psychology. Philosophical Review 95:3–45. [ET]CrossRefGoogle Scholar

Byrne, R. & Whiten, A., eds. (1988) Machiavellian Intelligence: Social expertise and the evolution of intellect in monkeys, apes, and humans. Clarendon Press. [VC, MT]Google Scholar

Campbell, D. T. (1974) Evolutionary epistemology. In: The philosophy of Karl Popper, ed. Schlipp, P. A.. Open Court. [HCP]Google Scholar

Cavalli-Sforza, L. L. & Feldman, M. W. (1981) Cultural transmission and evolution: A quantitative approach. Princeton University Press. [JC, HCP]Google Scholar

Changeux, J. (1985) Neuronal man. Pantheon Books. [aMD]Google Scholar

Chase, P. G. (1986) The hunters of Combe Grenal: Approaches to Middle Paleolithic subsistence in Europe. British Archaeological Reports International Series 286. [PGC]CrossRefGoogle Scholar

Chase, P. G. (1990) Tool-making tools and Middle Paleolithic behavior. Current Anthropology 31:443–47. [PGC]CrossRefGoogle Scholar

Chase, P. G. (1991) Symbols and Paleolithic artifacts: Style, standardization, and the imposition of arbitrary form. Journal of Anthropological Archaeology 10:193–214. [TW]CrossRefGoogle Scholar

Chase, P. G. & Dibble, H. L. (1987) Middle Paleolithic symbolism: A review of current evidence and interpretations, Journal of Anthropological Archaeology 6:263–96. [PGC, TW]CrossRefGoogle Scholar

Chase, P. G. & Dibble, H. L. (1992) Scientific archaeology and the origins of symbolism: A reply to Bednarik. Cambridge Archaeological Journal 2:42–51. [PGC]Google Scholar

Cheney, D. & Seyfarth, R. (1990) How monkeys see the world. University of Chicago Press. [arMD, JC, R1MD, HJJ, MT]CrossRefGoogle Scholar

Chinery, M. (1979) Killers of the wild. Salamander Books. [VC]Google Scholar

Chomsky, N. (1986) Barriers. MIT Press. [DB]Google Scholar

Clark, A. (forthcoming) Associative engines: Connectionism, concepts and representational change. MIT Press/Bradford Books. [ACl]Google Scholar

Clark, A. & Karmiloff-Smith, A. (forthcoming) The cognizer's innards: A psychological and philosophical perspective on the development of thought. Mind and Language. [ACl]Google Scholar

Cole, M., Gay, J., Click, J. A. & Sharp, D. W. (1971) The cultural context of learning and thinking. Basic Books. [aMD]Google Scholar

Coltheart, M., Patterson, K. & Marshall, J. C., eds. (1980) Deep dyslexia. Routledge. [aMD]Google Scholar

Corballis, M. C. (1989) Laterality and human evolution. Psychological Review 96:492–505. [aMD]Google Scholar

Corballis, M. C. (1991) The lopsided ape: Evolution of the generative mind. Cambridge University Press. [aMD]CrossRefGoogle Scholar

Corballis, M. C. & Beale, L. (1976) The psychology of left and right. Erlbaum. [aMD]Google Scholar

Cosmides, L. & Tooby, J. (1989) Evolutionary psychology and the generation of culture. Part II. Case study: A computational theory of social exchange. Ethology and Sociobiology 10:51–97. [RIMD]CrossRefGoogle Scholar

Crawford, M. P. (1937) The cooperative solving of problems by young chimpanzees. Comparative Psychology Monographs 14(2): 1–88. [RWM]Google Scholar

Csányi, V. (1989) Evolutionary systems and society: A general theory. Duke University Press. [VC]Google Scholar

Csányi, V. (1990) The shift from group cohesion to idea cohesion is a major step in cultural evolution. World Future: Journal of General Evolution 29:1–8. [VC]CrossRefGoogle Scholar

Csányi, V. (1992a) Ethology and the rise of the conceptual thoughts. In: Symbolicity, ed. Deely, J.. University Press of America. [ VC]Google Scholar

Csányi, V. (1992b) The brain's models and communication. In: The semiotic web, ed. Sebeok, T. A. & Umiker-Sebeok, J.. Moyton de Gruyter. [VC]Google Scholar

Curtiss, S. (1977) Genie. Academic Press. [RWM]Google Scholar

Damasio, A. R., Tranel, D. & Damasio, H. (1990) Individuals with sociopathic behavior caused by frontal damage fail to respond autonomically to social stimuli. Behavioural Brain Research 41:81–94. [LDK]Google Scholar

Davenport, R. K. & Rogers, C. M. (1970) Intermodal equivalence of stimuli in apes. Science 168:279–80. [JV]CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed

Davidson, D. (1975/1984) Thought and talk. Reprinted in Davidson (1984) Inquiries into truth and interpretation. Clarendon Press. [ET]Google Scholar

Davidson, D. (1982) Rational animals. Dialectica 36:317–27. [ET]CrossRefGoogle Scholar

Davidson, D. (1987) Knowing one's own mind. Proceedings and Addresses of the merican Philosophical Association 60:441–58. [ET]CrossRefGoogle Scholar

Davidson, D. S. (1933) Australian netting and basketry techniques. Journal of the Polynesian Society 42:257–99. [CLB]Google Scholar

Davidson, I. (1991) The archaeology of language origins: A review. Antiquity 65:39–48. [TW]Google Scholar

Davidson, I. & Noble, W. (1989) The archaeology of perception. Current Anthropology 30:125–55. [JBD]CrossRefGoogle Scholar

Davis, H. (1992) Transitive inference in rats. Journal of Comparative Psychology 106:342–49. [JV]CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed

Davis, W. (1987) Replication and depiction in Paleolithic art. Representations 19:111–47. [RWM]CrossRefGoogle Scholar

Dawkins, R. (1976) The selfish gene. Oxford University Press. [rMD, HCP]Google Scholar

Dawkins, R. (1982) The extended phenotype. Freeman. [rMD, HCP]Google Scholar

Dawkins, R. (1987) The blind watchmaker. Norton. [HJJ]Google Scholar

Decety, J. & Ingvar, D. H. (1990) Brain structures participating in mental simulation of motor behavior: A neuropsychological interpretation. Acta Psychologica 73:13–34. [BB]CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed

De Groot, A. D. (1965) Thought and choice in chess. Mouton. [KJG]Google Scholar

Delson, E., ed. (1985) Ancestors: The hard evidence. Alan R. Liss. [PGC]Google Scholar

de Lumley-Woodyear, M. -A. (1973) Anténéandertaliens et Néandertaliens du Bassin Méditerranéen occidental Européen. Études Quarternaires. Géologie, Paléontologie, Préhistoire. Mémoire no 2. Editions du Laboratoire de Paléontologie Humaine et de Préhistoire. Université de Provence. [CLB]Google Scholar

Dennett, D. (1969) Content and consciousness. Routledge & Kegan Paul. [ET]Google Scholar

Dennett, D. (1991) Consciousness explained. Little, Brown. [rMD, ACl, ET]Google Scholar

Dennett, D. (1992) The role of language in intelligence. “Darwin Lecture,” Cambridge University, 03 6, 1992. Publication CCS-92-3, Center for Cognitive Studies, Tufts University. [arMD]Google Scholar

Dennett, D. (forthcoming) Learning and labelling: Commentary on Clark and Karmiloff-Smith ‘The Cognizer's Innards’. Mind and Language. [ACl]Google Scholar

Dennett, D. & Kinsbourne, M. (1992) Time and the observer: The where and when of consciousness and the brain. Behavioral and Brain Sciences 15:183–206. [ET]CrossRefGoogle Scholar

Denny, J. P. (1991) Rational thought in oral culture and literate decontextualization. In: Literacy and orality ed. Olson, D. R. & Torrance, N.. Cambridge University Press. [aMD]Google Scholar

Deregowski, J. B. (1990) On two distinct and quintessential kinds of pictorial representation. In: Ecological perception research, visual communication and aesthetics, ed. Landwehr, K.. Springer-Verlag. [JBD]Google Scholar

De Saussure, F. (1916) Cours de linguistique générale. Payot. [JV]Google Scholar

Devany, J. M., Hayes, S. C. & Nelson, R. O. (1986) Equivalence class formation in language-able and language-disabled children. Journal of the Experimental Analysis of Behavior 46:243–57. [PJH]CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed

de Waal, F. B. M. (1982) Chimpanzee politics. Harper & Row. [MT]Google Scholar

de Waal, F. B. M. (1989) Behavioral contrasts between bonobo and chimpanzee. In: Understanding chimpanzees, ed. Heltne, P. G. & Marquardt, L. A.. Harvard University Press. [LDK]Google Scholar

Dibble, H. L. (1987) The interpretation of Middle Paleolithic scraper morphology. American Antiquity 52:109–17. [PGC]CrossRefGoogle Scholar

Dibble, H. L. (1988) Typological aspects of reduction and intensity of utilization of lithic resources in the French Mousterian. In: The Upper Pleistocene prehistory of Western Eurasia, ed. Dibble, H. L. & Montet-White, A.. University Museum. University of Pennsylvania. [PGC]Google Scholar

Dibble, H. L. & Mellars, P., eds. (1992) The Middle Paleolithic: Adaptation, behavior, and variability. University of Pennsylvania Museum Monograph 78, University Symposium Series Vol. 4. [CLB]Google Scholar

Donald, M. (1991) Origins of the modern mind: Three stages in the evolution of culture and cognition. Harvard University Press. [aMD, ACl, JHF]Google Scholar

Donald, M. (1993) Human cognitive evolution: What we were, what we are becoming. Social Research 60:143–70. [arMD]Google Scholar

Dugdale, N. & Lowe, C. F. (1990) Naming and stimulus equivalence. In: Behavior analysis in theory and practice: Contributions and controversies ed. Blackman, D. E. & Lejeune, H.. Erlbaum. [PJH]Google Scholar

Dunbar, R. I. M. (1993) Coevolution of neocortical size, group size and language in humans. Behavioral and Brain Sciences 16(4):this issue. [aMD, RIMD, HJJ]Google Scholar

Eccles, J. (1989) Evolution of the brain: Creation of the self. Routledge. [AM]Google Scholar

Edelman, G. M. (1987) Neural Darwinism. Basic Books. [aMD, ET]Google Scholar

Eibl-Eibesfeldt, I. (1989) Human ethology. Aldine de Gruyter. [aMD, VC]Google Scholar

Ekman, P., Sorenson, E. R. & Friesen, W. V. (1969) Pan-cultural elements in the facial display of emotion. Science 164:86–88. [aMD]CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed

Eldredge, N. & Tattersall, I. (1982) The myths of human evolution. Columbia University Press. [CW]CrossRefGoogle Scholar

Ericsson, K. A. (1985) Memory skills. Canadian Journal of Psychology 39:188–231. [KJG]CrossRefGoogle Scholar

Ericsson, K. A. & Kintsch, W. (1991) Memory in comprehension and problem solving: A long-term working memory. Institute of Cognitive Science Technical Report #91–13, University of Colorado at Boulder. [rMD, KJG]Google Scholar

Fairservice, W. A. Jr. (1975) The threshold of civilization. Scribner. [JH]Google Scholar

Falk, D. (1975) Comparative anatomy of the larynx in man and chimpanzee: Implications for language in Neanderthal. American Journal of Physical Anthropology 43:123–32. [CLB]CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed

Falk, D. (1987) Hominid paleoneurology. Annual Review of Anthropology 16:13–30. [HJJ]CrossRefGoogle Scholar

Fetzer, J. H. (1988) Signs and minds: An introduction to the theory of semiotic systems. In: Aspects of artificial intelligence, ed. Fetzer, J. H.. Kluwer. [JHF]CrossRefGoogle Scholar

Fetzer, J. H. (1989) Language and mentality: Computational, representational, and dispositional conceptions. Behaviorism 17:21–39. [JHF]Google Scholar

Fetzer, J. H. (1990) Artificial intelligence: Its scope and limits. Kluwer. [JHF]CrossRefGoogle Scholar

Fetzer, J. H. (1991) Philosophy and cognitive science. Paragon. [JHF]Google Scholar

Fetzer, J. H. (1992) Connectionism and cognition: Why Fodor and Pylyshyn are wrong. In: Connectionism in context, ed. Clark, A. & Lutz, R.. Springer-Verlag. [JHF]Google Scholar

Fetzer, J. H. (1993) Review of Merlin Donald: Origins of the modern mind. Philosophical Psychology 6:339–41. [JHF]Google Scholar

Fodor, J. A. (1983) The modularity of mind. MIT Press. [aMD, MAA]CrossRefGoogle Scholar

Foley, R. (1987) Hominid species and stone-tool assemblages. Antiquity 61:380–92. [PGC]CrossRefGoogle Scholar

Fortes, M. (1940) Children's drawings among the Tallensi. Africa 13:293–95. [JBD]Google Scholar

Fortes, M. (1981) Tallensi children's drawings. In: Universals of human thought, ed. Lloyd, B. & Gray, J.. Cambridge University Press. [JBD]Google Scholar

Gardner, H. (1983) Frames of mind: The theory of multiple intelligences. Basic Books. [rMD]Google Scholar

Gardner, R. A. & Gardner, B. T. (1969) Teaching sign language to a chimpanzee. Science 165:664–72. [JV]Google Scholar

Gardner, R. A., Gardner, B. T. & Van Cantfort, T. E., eds. (1989) Teaching sign language to chimpanzees. State University of New York Press. [RWM]Google Scholar

Gibson, J. J. (1979) The ecological approach to visual perception. Houghton-Mifflin. [JZ]Google Scholar

Gibson, K. (1983) Comparative neurobehavioral ontogeny and the constructionist approach to the evolution of the brain, object manipulation, and language. In: Clossogenetics: The origin and evolution of language, ed. de Grolier, E.. Harwood. [AM]Google Scholar

Gilhooly, K. J., Logie, R. H., Wetherick, N. E. & Wynn, V. (1993) Working memory and strategies in syllogistic reasoning tasks. Memory and ognition 21:115–24. [KJG]CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed

Gillan, D. D. (1981) Reasoning in the chimpanzee. II. Transitive inference. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Animal Behavior Processes 7:150–64. [JV]Google Scholar

Goldin-Meadow, S. (1982) The resilience of recursion. In: Language acquisition, ed. Wanner, E. & Gleitman, L. R.. Cambridge University Press. [RWM]Google Scholar

Goldman-Rakic, P. S. (1987) Circuitry of primate prefrontal cortex and regulation of behavior by representational memory. In: Handbook of physiology, Section 1: The nervous system, vol. 5: Higher functions of the brain, ed. Plum, F.. American Physiological Society. [LDK]Google Scholar

Goldstein, K. (1948) Language and language disturbance. Grune and Stratton. [rMD]Google Scholar

Golson, J. (1974) Land connections, sea barriers and the relationship of Australian and New Guinea prehistory. In: Bridge and barrier: The natural and cultural history of Torres Strait (2nd ed.), ed. Walker, D.. Australian National University Press. [CLB]Google Scholar

Goodall, J. (1986) The chimpanzees of Gombe: Patterns of behavior. Harvard University Press. [LDK, RWM]Google Scholar

Goody, J. (1977) The domestication of the savage mind. Cambridge University Press. [JH]Google Scholar

Gould, S. J. (1991) Exaption: A crucial tool for an evolutionary psychology. Journal of Social Issues 47(3):43–65. [ACo]CrossRefGoogle Scholar

Gould, S. J. & Lewontin, R. C. (1979) The spandrels of San Marco and the Panglossian paradigm: A critique of the adaptationist programme. Proceedings of the Royal Society of London, Series B, 205:581–98. [JC]Google Scholar

Gouzoules, H., Gouzoules, S. & Marler, P. (1984) Rhesus monkey screams: Representational signaling in the recruitment of agonistic aid. Animal Behavior 32:182–93. [MT]CrossRefGoogle Scholar

Graf, P. & Schacter, D. (1985) Implicit and explicit memory for new associations in normal and amnesic subjects. Journal of Experimental sychology: Learning, Memory and Cognition 11:501–18. [aMD]Google Scholar

Greenberg, J. H. & Ruhlen, M. (1992) Linguistic origins of native Americans. Scientific American 267(5):94–99. [aMD]Google Scholar

Greenfield, P. M. (1991) Language, tools and the brain: The ontogeny and phylogeny of hierarchically organized sequential behavior. Behavioral and Brain Sciences 14:531–95. [aMD]CrossRefGoogle Scholar

Greenfield, P. M. & Savage-Rumbaugh, E. S. (1990) Grammatical combination in Pan paniscus: Processes of learning and invention in the evolution and development of language. In: “Language” and intelligence in monkeys and apes: Comparative developmental perspectives, ed. Parker, S. T. & Gibson, K. R.. Cambridge University Press. [aMD]Google Scholar

Greeno, J. G. (1989) Situations, mental models, and generative knowledge. In: Complex information processing: The impact of Herbert A. Simon, ed. Klahr, D. & Kotovsky, K.. Erlbaum. [JZ]Google Scholar

Grice, H. P. (1957) Meaning. Philosophical Review 66:72–78. [AL]CrossRefGoogle Scholar

Haldane, J. B. S. (1964) A defense of beanbag genetics. Perspectives in Biology and Medicine 7:343–59. [JC]Google Scholar

Hall, C., Buckolz, E. & Fishbume, G. J. (1992) Imagery and the acquisition of motor skills. Canadian Journal of Sport Sciences 17:19–27. [BB]Google ScholarPubMed

Hamilton, E. & Cairns, Huntington, eds. (1963) The collected dialogues of Plato. Princeton University Press. [JPS]Google Scholar

Harnad, S., ed. (1987) Categorical perception: The groundwork of cognition. Cambridge University Press. [aMD]Google Scholar

Harnad, S., ed. (1990) The symbol grounding problem. Physica D 42:335–46. [RL]CrossRefGoogle Scholar

Harrold, F. B. (1983) The Châtelperronian in the Middle-Upper Paleolithic transition. In: The Mousterian legacy: Human biocultural change in the Upper Pleistocene, ed. E. Trinkaus. British Archaeological Reports International Series 164. [CLB]Google Scholar

Harvey, P. H. & Pagel, M. D. (1991) The comparative method in evolutionary biology. Oxford University Press. [HJJ]CrossRefGoogle Scholar

Havelock, E. (1963) Preface to Plato. Harvard University Press. [JH]CrossRefGoogle Scholar

Hayes, K. J. & Hayes, C. (1951) The intellectual development of a home raised chimp. Proceedings of the American Philosophical Society, 95:105–109. [rMD]Google Scholar

Hedges, S. B., Kumar, S., Tamura, K. & Stoneking, M. (1992) Human origins and analysis of mitochondrial DNA sequences. Science 255:737–39. [CLB]CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed

Herrnstein, R. J., Loveland, D. H. & Cable, C. (1976) Natural concepts in pigeons. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Animal Behavior Processes 2:285–311. [JV]Google Scholar

Hewes, G. W. (1973) Primate communication and the gestural origin of language. Current Anthropology 14:5–24. [JH]Google Scholar

Hewes, G. W. (1974) Language in early hominids. In: Language origins, ed. Wescott, R.. Linstok Press. [JH]Google Scholar

Heyes, C. M. & Plotkin, H. C. (1989) Replicators and interactors in cultural evolution. In: What the philosophy of biology is, ed. Ruse, M.. Kluwer. [HCP]Google Scholar

Hill, J. C. (1983) A computational model of language acquisition in the two-year-old. Cognition and Brain Theory 6:287–317. [MAA]Google Scholar

Hockett, C. F. (1978) In search of Jove's brow. American Speech 153:243–313. [CLB]CrossRefGoogle Scholar

Hodos, W. & Campbell, C. B. G. (1969) Scala naturae: Why there is no theory in comparative psychology. Psychological Review 76:337–50. [HJJ]CrossRefGoogle Scholar

Hodos, W. & Campbell, C. B. G. (1990) Evolutionary scales and comparative studies of animal cognition. In: Neurobiology of comparative cognition (1–20), ed. Kesner, R. P. & Olton, D. S.. Erlbaum. [JC]Google Scholar

Hofman, M. A. (1989) On the evolution and geometry of the brain in mammals. Progress in Neurobiology 32:137–58. [HJJ]CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed

Hopkins, W. D., Fagot, J. & Vauclair, J. (1993) Mirror-image matching and mental rotation problem solving in baboons (Papio papio): Unilateral input enhances performance. journal of Experimental Psychology: General 122:1–12. [JV]Google ScholarPubMed

Houghton, P. (1993) Neanderthal supralaryngeal vocal tract. American Journal of Physical Anthropology 90:139–46. [CLB]Google Scholar

Hull, D. L. (1988) Interactors versus vehicles. In: The role of behaviour in evolution, ed. Plotkin, H. C.. MIT Press. [HCP]Google Scholar

Humphrey, N. (1983) Consciousness regained. Oxford University Press. [PJH]Google Scholar

Hutchins, E. (1990) The technology of team navigation. In: Intellectual teamwork: Social and technical bases of collaborative work, ed. Galegher, J., Kraut, R. E. & Egido, C.. Erlbaum. [aMD, JZ]Google Scholar

Hutchins, E. (in preparation) Distributed cognition: A cognitive ethnography of ship navigation. University of California, Department of Cognitive Science. [JZ]Google Scholar

Isaac, G. L. (1983) Bones in contention: Competing explanations for the juxtaposition of Early Pleistocene artifacts and faunal remains. In: Animals and archaeology: 1. Hunters and their prey, ed. J., Glutton-Brock & C., Grigson. British Archaeological Reports International Series S163. [PGC]Google Scholar

Jackendoff, R. (1988) On beyond zebra: The relation of linguistic and visual information. Cognition 26:89–114. [AM]Google Scholar

Jackendoff, R. (1990) Semantic structures. MIT Press. [JH]Google Scholar

Jackson, J. H. (1874) On the nature of the duality of the brain. Medical Press and Circular 1:19–63. [MAA]Google Scholar

Jackson, J. H. (1878/1879) On affections of speech from disease of the brain. Brain 1:304–30; 2:203–22, 323–56. [MAA]CrossRefGoogle Scholar

Jaynes, J. (1977) The origin of consciousness in the breakdown of the bicameral mind. Houghton-Mifflin. [rMD, TLC]Google Scholar

Jerison, H. J. (1982) Problems with Piaget and pallia. Behavioral and Brain Sciences 5(2):284–87. [HJJ]CrossRefGoogle Scholar

Jerison, H. J. (1991) Brain size and the evolution of mind. James Arthur Lecture on “The Evolution of the Human Brain.” American Museum of Natural History. [HJJ]Google Scholar

Jerison, H. J. (1992) Review of Donald, M. (1991) Origins of the modern mind: Three stages in the evolution of culture and cognition. Quarterly Review of Biology 67:550. [HJJ]Google Scholar

Jespersen, O. (1922) Language, its natural development and origin. Allen & Unwin. [JBD]Google Scholar

Johnson-Laird, P. N. (1983) Mental models. Harvard University Press. [arMD]Google Scholar

Karmiloff-Smith, A. (1979) A functional approach to child language. Cambridge University Press. [AC1]Google Scholar

Karmiloff-Smith, A. (1992) Beyond modularity: A developmental perspective on cognitive science. MIT Press/Bradford Books. [AC1]Google Scholar

Kellogg, W. & Kellogg, L. A. (1933) The ape and the child: A study of environmental influence upon early behavior. Whittlesey House. [rMD]CrossRefGoogle Scholar

Kennedy, J. M. (1975) Drawings were discovered not invented. American Scientist 67:523–27. [rMD, JBD]Google Scholar

Kennedy, J. M. (1982) Haptic pictures. In: Tactual perception: A sourccbook, ed. Schiff, W. & Flouke, E.. Cambridge University Press. [JBD]Google Scholar

Kesner, R. P. & Olton, D. S. (1990) Neurobiology of comparative cognition. Erlbaum. [JC]Google Scholar

Kimura, D. (1976) The neurological basis of language qua gestures. In: Current trends in neurolinguistics, ed. Whitaker, H. & Whitaker, H. A.. Academic Press. [aMD]Google Scholar

Kirlik, A. (1989) The organization of perception and action in complex control skills. Unpublished Ph.D. dissertation. Ohio State University, Department of Industrial and Systems Engineering. [JZ]Google Scholar

Kitcher, P. (1985) Vaulting ambition: Sociobiology and the quest for human nature. MIT Press. [rMD]Google Scholar

Kitcher, P. (1987) Précis of Vaulting ambition: Sociobiology and the quest for human nature. Behavioral and Brain Sciences 10:61–100. [HCP]CrossRefGoogle Scholar

Klein, R. G. (1984) Southern African prehistory and paleoenvironment. Balkema. [CLB]Google Scholar

Klein, R. G. (1987) Reconstructing how early people exploited animals: Problems and prospects. In: The evolution of human hunting, ed. Nitecki, M. H. & Nitecki, D. V.. Plenum Press. [PGC]Google Scholar

Klein, R. G. (1989) The human career: Human biological and cultural origins. University of Chicago Press. [PGC]Google Scholar

Kosslyn, S. (1988) Aspects of a cognitive neuroscience of imagery. Science 240:1621–26. [aMD]CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed

Kroeber, A. L. (1953) Concluding review. In: An appraisal of anthropology today, ed. Tax, S., Eisely, L. C., Rouse, I. & Voeglin, C. F.. University of Chicago Press. [HCP]Google Scholar

Laitman, J., Reidenberg, J. S. & Gannon, P. J. (1992) Fossil skulls and hominid vocal tracts: New approaches to charting the evolution of human speech. In: Language origin: A multidisciplinary approach, ed. Wind, J., Chiarelli, B., Bichakjian, B. & Nocentini, A.. Kluwer. [AM]Google Scholar

Lane, H. (1984) When the mind hears. Random House. [aMD]Google Scholar

Lanpo, J. & Weiwen, H. (1990) The story of Peking Man. Oxford University Press. [CW]Google Scholar

Lecours, A. R. & Joanette, Y. (1980) Linguistic and other psychological aspects of paroxysmal aphasia. Brain and Language 10:1–23. [arMDET]CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed

Lee, R. B. (1979) The !Kung San: Men, women, and work in a foraging society. Cambridge University Press. [CLB]Google Scholar

Levelt, W. J. M. (1989) Speaking: From intention to articulation. MIT Press. [aMD]Google Scholar

Lévêque, F. (1989) L'homme de Saint-Césaire: Sa place dans le Castelperronien de Poitou-Charentes. In: L'homme de Néandertal, ed. M. Otte, vol. 7, L'Extinction, ed. B. Vandermeersch. Etudes et Recherches Archéologiques de l'Université de Liège. [PGC]Google Scholar

Lévêque, F. & Vandermeersch, B. (1980) Les découvertes de restes humains dans un horizon castelperronien de Saint-Césaire (Charente-Maritime). Bulletin de la Société Préhistorique Française 77:35. [PGC]Google Scholar

Lewis, C. M. (1991) Representational aiding. Unpublished manuscript. University of Pittsburgh, Department of Information Science. [JZ]Google Scholar

Lewis, D. (1969) Convention: A philosophical study. Harvard University Press. [AL]Google Scholar

Lieberman, P. (1975) On the origins of language: An introduction to the evolution of human speech. Macmillan. [aMD]Google Scholar

Lieberman, P. (1984) The biology and evolution of language. Harvard University Press. [aMD]Google Scholar

Lieberman, P. (1991) Uniquely human: The evolution of speech, thought and selfless behavior. Harvard University Press. [aMD]Google Scholar

Lieberman, P. & Crelin, E. S. (1971) On the speech of Neanderthal man. Linguistic Inquiry 2:203–22. [CLB]Google Scholar

Lieberman, P., Crelin, E. S. & Klatt, D. H. (1972) Phonetic ability and related anatomy of the newborn, adult human, Neanderthal man, and the chimpanzee. American Anthropologist 74:287–307. [CLB]CrossRefGoogle Scholar

Lieberman, P., Laitman, J. R., Reidenburg, L. S. & Gannon, P. J. (1992) The anatomy, physiology, acoustics and perception of speech: Essential elements in analysis of the evolution of human speech. Journal of Human Evolution 23:447–67. [CLB]CrossRefGoogle Scholar

Lipkens, R. (1992) A behavior analysis of complex human functioning: Analogical reasoning. Unpublished Ph.D. dissertation. University of Nevada. [PJH]Google Scholar

Longuet-Higgins, C. (1992) In the brain-box: Review of Crigins of the modern mind: Three stages in the evolution of culture and cognition by Merlin Donald. Times Literary Supplement 02 7, p. 20. [CLB]Google Scholar

Lovejoy, C. O. (1981) The origin of man. Science 211:341–50. [RIMD]CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed

Lumsdcn, C. J. & Wilson, E. O. (1981) Genes, mind, and culture: The coevolutionary process. Harvard University Press. [rMD, JC, VC]Google Scholar

Macphail, E. (1987) The comparative psychology of intelligence. Behavioral and Brain Sciences 10(4):645–95. [HJJ]CrossRefGoogle Scholar

Maddison, D. R., Ruvolo, M. & Swofford, D. L. (1992) Geographic origins of human mitochondrial DNA: Phylogenetic evidence from control region sequences. Systematic Biology 41:111–24. [CLB]CrossRefGoogle Scholar

Malcolm, N. (1972) Thoughtless brutes. Reprinted in: Malcolm, N. (1977) Thought and knowledge. Cornell University Press. [ET]Google Scholar

Malone, D. R., Tolan, J. C. & Rogers, C. M. (1980) Cross-modal matching of objects and photographs in the monkey. Neuropsychologia 18:693–97. [JV]CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed

Maring, J. R. (1990) Effects of mental practice on rate of skill acquisition. Physical Therapy 70:165–72. [BB]CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed

Marler, P. (1969) Of foxes and hedgehogs: The interface between organismal and populational biology–II. American Zoologist 9:261–67. [JC]Google Scholar

Marler, P., Karakashian, S. & Gyger, M. (1991) Do animals have the option of withholding signals when communication is inappropriate? The audience effect. In: Cognitioe ethology: The minds of other animals, ed. Ristau, C. A.. Erlbaum. [JC]Google Scholar

Marshack, A. (1972) The roots of civilization. McGraw-Hill. [AM]Google Scholar

Marshack, A. (1976) Some implications of the Paleolithic symbolic evidence for the origins of language. In: Origins and evolution of language, ed. S. Harnad, H. D. Steklis & J. Lancaster. Annuls of the New fork Academy of Sciences 280:289–311. [AM]Google Scholar

Marshack, A. (1984) The ecology and brain of two-handed bipedalism: An analytic, cognitive and evolutionary assessment. In: Animal cognition, ed. Roitblat, H. L., Bever, T. G. & Terrace, H. S.. Erlbaum. [AM]Google Scholar

Marshack, A. (1985) Hierarchical evolution of the human capacity: The Paleolithic evidence. Fifty-fourth James Arthur Lecture on “The Evolution of the Human Brain,” 1984. American Museum of Natural History. [AM]Google Scholar

Marshack, A. (1988a) The species-specific evolution and contexts of the creative mind: Thinking in time. In: The creative mind, ed. Findlay, C. S. & Lumsden, C. J.. Academic Press. [AM]Google Scholar

Marshack, A. (1988b) The Neanderthals and the human capacity for symbolic thought: Cognitive and problem-solving aspects of Mousterian symbol. In: L'Homme Néandertal: Actes du Colloque International 1986, ed. Otte, M.. Liège. Vol. 5. la Pensée. Université de Liège. [AM]Google Scholar

Marshack, A. (1989a) Evolution of the human capacity: The symbolic evidence. Yearbook of Physical Anthropology 32:1–34. [AM]CrossRefGoogle Scholar

Marshack, A. (1989b) On depiction and language. Current Anthropology 30(3):332–35. [Comment on Davidson, I. & Noble, B., The archaeology of perception: Traces of depiction and language. Current Anthropology 30(2):125–37.] [AM]Google Scholar

Marshack, A. (1990) Early hominid symbol and evolution of the human capacity, ed. Mellars, P.. The emergence of modern humans. Edinburgh University Press. [AM]Google Scholar

Marshack, A. (1991a) A reply to Davidson on mania: Symbolic activity before the Upper Palaeolithic. Rock Art Research 8(1):47–58. [AM]Google Scholar

Marshack, A. (1991b) The roots of civilization (2nd ed.). Moyer Bell. [AM]Google Scholar

Marshack, A. (1991c) The Taï plaque and calendrical notation in the Upper Palaeolithic. Cambridge Archaeological Journal 1(1):25–61. [AM]CrossRefGoogle Scholar

Marshack, A. (1992) The origin of language: An anthropological approach. In: Language origin: A multi-disciplinary approach, ed. Wind, J., Chiarelli, B., Bichakjian, B. & Nocentini, A.. Kluwer. [AM]Google Scholar

Marshack, A. (in press) The origins of language and symbol: An anthropological approach. Semiotica. [AM]Google Scholar

Martin, R. D. (1983) Human brain evolution in ecological context. James Arthur Lecture on [The Evolution of the Human Brain.] American Museum of Natural History. [HJJ]Google Scholar

Martin, R. D. (1990) Primate origins and evolution: A phylogenetic reconstruction. Chapman and Hall. [HJJ]Google Scholar

Matiegka, J. (1934) Homo Předmostensis: Fosiliní Člověk Z Prědmostí Na Moravé. 1. Lebky. Nákladem České Akademie Věd a Uměni. [CLB]Google Scholar

Maynard Smith, J. (1982) Evolution and the theory of games. Cambridge University Press. [HJJ]Google Scholar

McGonigle, B. O. & Chalmers, M. (1977) Are monkeys logical? Nature 267:694–96. [JV]CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed

McNeill, D. (1985) So you think gestures are nonverbal. Psychological Review 92:350–71. [aMD]CrossRefGoogle Scholar

Meggitt, M. J. (1957) Notes on the vegetable foods of the Walbiri of central Australia. Oceania 28:143–45. [CLB]CrossRefGoogle Scholar

Mellars, P. A. & Stringer, C. (1989) The human revolution: Behavioural and biological perspectives on the origins of modern humans. Edinburgh University Press. [PGC]Google Scholar

Menzel, E. (1971) Communication about the environment in a group of young chimpanzees. Folia Primatologica 15:220–32. [MT]Google Scholar

Mercier, N., Valladas, H., Joron, J.-L., Reyss, J.-L., LéVêque, F. & Vandermeersch, B. (1991) Thermoluminescence dating of the late Neanderthal remains from Saint-Cesaire. Nature 351:737–39. [CW]CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed

Merzenich, M. M., Nelson, R. J., Kaas, J. H., Stryker, M. P., Jenkins, W. M., Zook, J. M., Cynader, M. S. & Schoppana, A. (1987) Variability in hand surface representations in areas 3b and 1 in adult owl and squirrel monkeys. Journal of Comparative Neurology 258:281–96. [aMD]CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed

Miles, H. L. (1976) The communicative competence of child and chimpanzee. New York Academy of Sciences 260:592–97. [RWM]CrossRefGoogle Scholar

Miles, H. L. (1990) The cognitive foundations for reference in a signing orangutan. In: “Language” and intelligence in monkeys and apes ed. Parker, S. T. & Gibson, K.. Cambridge University Press. [RWM]Google Scholar

Miles, H. L. (1991) The development of symbolic communication in apes and early hominids. In: Studies in language origins, vol. 2, ed. von Raffler-Engel, W., Wind, J. & Jonker, A.. John Benjamins. [RWM]Google Scholar

Miles, H. L. (1993) “Ape language” studies and the study of human language origins. In: Hominid culture in primate perspective, ed. Quiatt, D. & Itani, J.. University Press of Colorado. [RWM]Google Scholar

Minsky, M. (1985) Society of mind. Simon and Schuster. [ET]Google Scholar

Mitchell, R. W. (1993a) Mental models of mirror-self-recognition: Two theories. New Ideas in Psychology 11. [RWM]CrossRefGoogle Scholar

Mitchell, R. W. (1993b) The evolution of primate cognition: Simulation, self-knowledge, and knowledge of other minds. In: Hominid culture in primate perspective, ed. Quiatt, D. & Itani, J.. University Press of Colorado. [RWM]Google Scholar

Moerck, E. L. (1989) The fuzzy set called “imitations.” In: The many faces of imitation in language learning, ed. Speidel, G. E. & Nelson, K. E.. Springer-Verlag. [aMD]Google Scholar

Morrison, H. & Kuhn, D. (1983) Cognitive aspects of preschoolers' peer imitation in a play situation. Child Development 54:1041–53. [BB]Google Scholar

Morton, J. (1984) Brain-based and non-brain based models of language. In: Biological perspectives on language, ed. Caplan, D., Lecours, A. R. & Smith, A.. MIT Press. [aMD]Google Scholar

Munn, N. L. (1971) The evolution of the human mind. Houghton-Mifllin. [aMD]Google Scholar

Murdock, G. P. (1956) How cultures change. In: Man, culture and society, ed. Shapiro, H. L.. Oxford University Press. [HCP]Google Scholar

Nagell, K., Olguin, R. & Tomasello, M. (in press) Imitative learning of tool use by children and chimpanzees. Journal of Comparative Psychology. [MT]Google Scholar

Neville, H. J. (1990) Intermodal competition and compensation in development. Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences 608:61–91. [aMD]Google Scholar

Neville, H. J. (1992) Fractionating language: Different neural subsystems with different sensitive periods. Cerebral Cortex 2:244–58. [aMD]CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed

Newell, A. (1992) SOAR as a unified theory of cognition: Issues and explanations. Behavioral and Brain Sciences 15:464–88. [rMD, KJG]CrossRefGoogle Scholar

Noble, W. & Davidson, I. (1991) The evolutionary emergence of modern human behaviour: Language and its archaeology. Man 26:223–53. [JBD]CrossRefGoogle Scholar

Norman, D. A. (1988) The psychology of everyday things. Basic Books. [JZ]Google Scholar

Norman, D. A. (1991) Cognitive artifacts. In: Designing interaction: Psychology at the human-computer interface, ed. Carroll, J. M.. Cambridge University Press. [aMD, JZ]Google Scholar

Norman, D. A. (1993) Things that make us smart. Addison-Wesley. [JZ]Google Scholar

Ochse, R. (1990) Before the gates of excellence: The determinants of creative genius. Cambridge University Press. [LDK]Google Scholar

Olson, D. (1991) Literacy as metalinguistic activity. In: Literacy and orality ed. Olson, D. R. & Torrance, N.. Cambridge University Press. [aMD]Google Scholar

Olson, J. R. & Olson, G. M. (1991) User-centered design of collaboration technology. Journal of Organizational Computing 1:61–83. [aMD]CrossRefGoogle Scholar

Olton, D. S. (1984) Comparative analysis of episodic memory. Behavioral and Brain Sciences 7:250–51. [aMD]CrossRefGoogle Scholar

Paivio, A. (1986) Mental representations: A dual coding approach. Clarendon Press. [rMD]Google Scholar

Paradis, M., Hagiwara, H. & Hildebrandt, N. (1985) Neurolinguistic aspects of the Japanese writing system. Academic Press. [aMD]CrossRefGoogle Scholar

Parker, S. T. & Gibson, K. R. (1979) A developmental model for the evolution of language and intelligence in early hominids. Behavioral and Brain Sciences 2:367–408. [aMD]CrossRefGoogle Scholar

Parker, S. T. & Gibson, K. R. eds. (1990) “Language” and intelligence in monkeys and apes: Comparative developmental perspectives. Cambridge University Press. [MT]CrossRefGoogle Scholar

Peirce, C. S. (1897) Logic as semiotic: The theory of signs. In: Philosophical writings of Peirce, ed. Buchler, J.. Dover. [rMD]Google Scholar

Petitto, L. & Marentette, P. F. (1991) Babbling in the manual mode: Evidence for the ontogeny of language. Science 251:1493–96. [aMD]CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed

Piaget, J. (1970) Piaget's theory. In: Carmichael's manual of child psychology, vol. 1, ed. Mussen, P. H.. John Wiley. [BB]Google Scholar

Pinker, S. & Bloom, P. (1990) Natural language and natural selection. Behavioral and Brain Sciences 13:707–84. [JH]CrossRefGoogle Scholar

Plotkin, H. C. (1988) An evolutionary epistemological approach to the evolution of intelligence. In: The evolutionary biology of intelligence, ed. Jerison, H. J.. Springer-Verlag. [aMD]Google Scholar

Plotkin, H. C. (1993) The nature of knowledge. Penguin Press. [HCP]Google Scholar

Poizner, H., Klima, E. S. & Bellugi, U. (1987) What the hands reveal about the brain. MIT Press. [aMD]Google Scholar

Premack, D. (1987) Cavagai. MIT Press. [aMD, MT]Google Scholar

Premack, D. & Woodruff, G. (1978) Does the chimpanzee have a theory of mind? Behavioral and Brain Sciences 1:515–26. [LDK]CrossRefGoogle Scholar

Pulliam, H. R. & Dunford, C. (1980) Programmed to learn: An essay on the evolution of culture. Columbia University Press. [JC]Google Scholar

Renfrew, C. (1989) The origins of Indo-European languages. Scientific American 264(10): 106–14. [aMD]CrossRefGoogle Scholar

Richardson, A. (1969) Mental imagery. Springer. [aMD]CrossRefGoogle Scholar

Richman, B. (1987) Rhythm and melody in gelada vocal exchanges. Primates 28:199–223. [RIMD]Google Scholar

Rightmire, G. P. (1991) The dispersal of Homo erectus from Africa and the emergence of more modern humans. Journal of Anthropological Research 47:177–91. [CW]CrossRefGoogle Scholar

Ristau, C. A. (1991) Cognitive ethology: The minds of other animals. Erlbaum. [JC]Google Scholar

Roberts, W. D. & Mazmanian, D. S. (1988) Concept learning at different levels of abstraction by pigeons, monkeys, and people. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Animal Behavior Processes 14:247–60. [JV]Google Scholar

Roitblat, H. L. (1987) Introduction to comparative cognition. W. H. Freeman. [JV]Google Scholar

Holland, N. & Dibble, H. L. (1990) A new synthesis of Middle Paleolithic assemblage variability. American Antiquity 55:480–99. [PGC]CrossRefGoogle Scholar

Rumelhart, D. E. (1980) Schemata: Building blocks of cognition. In: Theoretical issues in reading comprehension, ed. Spiro, R. J., Ruce, B. C. & Brewer, W. F.. Erlbaum. [VC]Google Scholar

Rumelhart, D. E., Hinton, G. & Williams, R. (1986) Learning internal representations by error propagation. In: Parallel distributed processing: Explorations in the microstructure of cognition, vol. 1, ed. Rumelhart, D., McClelland, J. & the PDP Research Group. MIT Press. [ACl]CrossRefGoogle Scholar

Sampson, C. G. (1974) The Stone Age archaeology of Southern Africa. Academic Press. [CLB]Google Scholar

Savage-Rumbaugh, E. S. (1980) Linguistically-mediated tool use and exchange by chimpanzees. In: Speaking of apes, ed. Sebeok, T. and Sebeok, J.. Plenum Press. [aMD]Google Scholar

Savage-Rumbaugh, E. S., Murphy, J., Sevcik, R. A., Braakke, K. E., Williams, S. L. & Rumbaugh, D. M. (1993) Language comprehension in ape and child. Monographs of the society for research in child development, ed. Branson, W. C.. Society for Research in Child Development. [CW]Google Scholar

Savage-Rumbaugh, E. S., Sevcik, R. A. & Hopkins, W. D. (1988) Symbolic cross-modal transfer in two species of chimpanzees. Child Development 59:617–25. [JV]CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed

Saver, J. L. & Damasio, A. R. (1991) Preserved access and processing of social knowledge in a patient with acquired sociopathy due to ventromedial frontal damage. Neuropsychologia 29:1241–49. [LDK]Google Scholar

Schiffer, S. (1972) Meaning. Clarendon Press. [AL]Google Scholar

Schrier, A. M., Angarella, R. & Povar, M. (1984) Studies of concept formation by stumptailed monkeys: Concepts, humans, monkeys, and letter A. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Animal Behavior Processes 10:564–84. [JV]Google Scholar

Scott, K. (1980) Two hunting episodes of Middle Palaeolithic age at la Cotte de Saint-Brelade, Jersey. World Archaeology 12:137–52. [PGC]CrossRefGoogle Scholar

Searle, J. R. (1980) Minds, brains, and programs. Behavioral and Brain Sciences 3:417–24. [RL]CrossRefGoogle Scholar

Shallice, T. (1988) From neuropsychology to mental structure. Cambridge University Press. [aMD]Google Scholar

Shallice, T. & Warrington, E. K. (1980) Single and multiple component central dyslexic syndromes. In: Deep dyslexia, ed. Coltheart, M., Patterson, K. & Marshall, J.. Routledge. [aMD]Google ScholarPubMed

Sherry, D. F. & Schacter, D. L. (1987) The evolution of multiple memory systems. Psychological Review 94:439–54. [rMD]CrossRefGoogle Scholar

Shettleworth, S. J. (1993) Varieties of learning and memory in animals. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Animal Behavior Processes 19:5–14. [JC]Google ScholarPubMed

Simon, H. A. (1981) The sciences of the artificial (2nd ed.). MIT Press. [rMD, KJG, JZ]Google Scholar

Skinner, B. F. (1978) Why I am not a cognitive psychologist. In: Reflections on behaviorism and society. Prentice-Hall. [JC]Google Scholar

Smith, S. D., Pennington, B. F. & Kimberling, W. J. (1990) Family dyslexia: Use of genetic linkage data to define subtypes. Journal of the American Academy of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry 29:204–13. [CW]CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed

Snell, B. (1960) The discovery of the mind. Harper. [TLC]Google Scholar

Spuhler, J. N. (1988) Evolution of mitochondrial DNA in monkeys, apes, and humans, yearbook of Physical Anthropology 31:15–48. [CLB]CrossRefGoogle Scholar

Spuhler, J. N. (1989) Evolution of mitochondrial DNA in human and other organisms. American Journal of Human Biology 1:509–28. [CLB]CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed

Square-Storer, P. A., Roy, E. & Hogg, S. C. (1990) The dissociation of aphasia from apraxia of speech, ideomotor limb, and buccofacial apraxia. In: Cerebral control of speech and limb movements, ed. Hammond, G. E.. Elsevier. [aMD]Google Scholar

Staddon, J. E. R. (1989) Animal psychology: The tyranny of anthropocentrism. In: Whither ethology? ed. Bateson, P. P. G. & Klopfer, P. H.. Plenum Press. [JC]Google Scholar

Steele, D. M. & Hayes, S. C. (1991) Stimulus equivalence and arbitrarily applicable relational responding. Journal of the Experimental Analysis of Behavior 56:519–55. [PJH]CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed

Steklis, H. D. (1983) Primate communication, comparative neurology, and the origin of language re-examined. Journal of Human Evolution 14:157–73. [AM]CrossRefGoogle Scholar

Sterrer, W. (1992) Prometheus and proteus: The creative, unpredictable individual in evolution. Evolution and Cognition 1:101–29. [VC]Google Scholar

Still, A. & Costall, A., eds. (1991) Against cognitivism. Harvester Press. [ACo]Google Scholar

Stringer, C. B. (1988) Petralona. In: Encyclopedia of human evolution and prehistory, ed. Tattersall, I., Delson, E. & Van Couvering, J.. Garland. [CLB]Google Scholar

Suchman, L. (1987) Plans and situated actions: The problem of humanmachine communication. Cambridge University Press. [aMD, KJG, JZ]Google Scholar

Surburg, P. R. (1991) Preparation process facilitation of a motor task through imagery practice with adolescents who have mental retardation. American Journal of Mental Retardation 95:428–34. [BB]Google ScholarPubMed

Swadesh, M. (1971) Origin and diversification of language, ed. Sherzer, J.. Aldine Atherton. [CLB]Google Scholar

Templeton, A. R. (1992) Human origins and analysis of mitochondrial DNA sequences. Science 255:737. [CLB]CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed

Thomas, R. (1989) Oral tradition and written record in classical Athens. Cambridge University Press. [JPS]CrossRefGoogle Scholar

Thomas, R. (1992) Literacy and orality in ancient Greece. Cambridge University Press. [JH]CrossRefGoogle Scholar

Tobias, P. V. (1967) The cranium and maxillary dentition of Australopithecus (Zinjanthropus) boisei. Olduvai Gorge, vol. 2. Cambridge University Press. [HJJ]Google Scholar

Tobias, P. V. (1971) The brain in hominid evolution. Columbia University Press. [HJJ]CrossRefGoogle Scholar

Tobias, P. V. (1987) The brain of Homo habilis: A new level of organization in cerebral evolution. Journal of Human Evolution 16:741–61. [AM]CrossRefGoogle Scholar

Tobias, P. V. (1990) The skulls, endocasts, and teeth of Homo habilis. Olduvai Gorge, vols. 4A & 4B. Cambridge University Press. [HJJ]Google Scholar

Tomasello, M. (1990) Cultural transmission in the tool use and communicatory signaling of chimpanzees? In: “Language” and intelligence in monkeys and apes: Comparative developmental perspectives, ed. Parker, S. T. & Gibson, K. R.. Cambridge University Press. [MT]Google Scholar

Tomasello, M. (1992) The social bases of language acquisition. Social Development 1:67–87. [MT]CrossRefGoogle Scholar

Tomasello, M., Call, J., Nagell, K., Olguin, K. & Carpenter, M. (in press a) The learning and use of gestural signals by young chimpanzees: A trans-generational study. Primates. [MT]Google Scholar

Tomasello, M., George, B., Kruger, A., Farrar, J. & Evans, E. (1985) The development of gestural communication in young chimpanzees. Journal of Human Evolution 14:175–86. [MT]CrossRefGoogle Scholar

Tomasello, M., Kruger, A. C. & Ratner, H. H. (1993) Cultural learning. Behavioral and Brain Sciences 16(3):495–552. [MT, TW]CrossRefGoogle Scholar

Tomasello, M., Savage-Rumbaugh, S. & Kruger, A. (in press b) Imitative learning of actions on objects of children, chimpanzees, and enculturated chimpanzees. Child Development. [MT]Google Scholar

Tuffreau, A. (1982) The Transition Lower/Middle Palaeolithic in Northern France. In: The transition from Lmver to Middle Palaeolithic and the origin of modern man, ed. Ronen, A.. British Archaeological Reports International Series 151. [PGC]Google Scholar

Tulving, E. (1984) Précis of Elements of episodic memory. Behavioral and Brain Sciences 7:223–68. [aMD]CrossRefGoogle Scholar

Varela, F., Thompson, E. & Rosch, E. (1991) The embodied mind. Cognitive science and human experience. MIT Press. [ET]Google Scholar

Vauclair, J. (1990) Primate cognition: From representation to language. In: “Language” and intelligence in monkeys and apes: Comparative developmental perspectives, ed. Parker, S. T. & Gibson, K. R.. Cambridge University Press. [JV]Google Scholar

Vauclair, J. (1992) L'intelligence de l'animal. Seuil. [JV]Google Scholar

Villa, P. (1990) Torralba and Aridos: Elephant exploitation in Middle Pleistocene Spain. Journal of Human Evolution 19:299–309. [PGC]CrossRefGoogle Scholar

Visalberghi, E. & Fragaszy, D. (1990) Do monkeys ape? In: “Language” and intelligence in monkeys and apes: Comparative developmental perspectives, ed. Parker, S. T. & Gibson, K. R.. Cambridge University Press. [MT]Google Scholar

Von Fersen, L., Wynne, C. D. L. & Delius, J. D. (1991) Transitive inference formation in pigeons. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Animal Behavior Processes 17:334–41. [JV]Google Scholar

Vygotsky, L. S. (1978) Mind in society. Harvard University Press. [JZ]Google Scholar

Vygotsky, L. S. (1986) Thought and language. MIT Press. [JZ]Google Scholar

Wallace, R. (1989) Cognitive mapping and the origin of language and mind. Current Anthropology 30(4):518–26. [AM]CrossRefGoogle Scholar

Wallman, J. (1992) Aping language. Cambridge University Press. [JV]CrossRefGoogle Scholar

Whiten, A. (1991) Natural theories of mind: Evolution, development, and simulation of every day mindreading. Basil Blackwell. [rDM]Google Scholar

Whiten, A. & Ham, R. (1992) On the nature and evolution of imitation in the animal kingdom: Reappraisal of a century of research. In: Advances in the study of behavior ed. Slater, P., Rosenblatt, J. & Beer, C.. Academic Press. [MT]Google Scholar

Wills, C. (1993) The runaway brain: The evolution of human uniqueness. Basic Books. [CW]Google Scholar

Wilmsen, E. N. (1989) Land filled with flies: A political economy of the Kalahari. University of Chicago Press. [CLB]Google Scholar

Wittgenstein, L. (1922) Tractatus logico-philosophicus, translated by Pears, D. F. & McGuiness, B. V. (1961). Routledge & Kegan Paul. [arMD]Google Scholar

Woodruff, G. & Premack, D. (1979) Intentional communication in the chimpanzee: The development of deception. Cognition 7:333–62. [LDK]Google Scholar

Wulfert, E. & Hayes, S. C. (1989) Transfer of a conditional ordering response through conditional equivalence classes. Journal of the Experimental Analysis of Behavior 50:125–44. [PJH]Google Scholar

Wynn, T. (1979) The intelligence of Later Acheulian hominids. Man new series 14:371–91. [PGC]Google Scholar

Wynn, T. (1981) The intelligence of Oldowan hominids. Journal of Human Evolution 10:529–42. [PGC]CrossRefGoogle Scholar

Wynn, T. (1985) Piaget, stone tools, and the evolution of human intelligence. World Archaeology 17:32–43. [PGC]CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed

Wynn, T. (1989) The evolution of spatial competence. Illinois Studies in Anthropology 17. University of Illinois Press. [PGC, TW]Google Scholar

Wynn, T. (in press) Two developments in the mind of early Homo. Journal of Anthropological Archaeology. [TW]Google Scholar

Yates, F. A. (1966) The art of memory. University of Chicago Press. [JPS]Google Scholar

Yoerg, S. I. & Kamil, A. C. (1991) Integrating ethology with cognitive psychology. In: Cognitive ethology: The minds of other animals, ed. Ristau, C. A.. Erlbaum. [JC]Google Scholar

Yue, G. & Cole, K. J. (1992) Strength increases from the motor program: Comparison of training with maximal voluntary and imagined muscle contractions. Journal of Neurophysiology 67:1114–23. [BB]CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed

Zhang, J. (1992) Distributed representation: The interaction between internal and external information. Unpublished Ph.D. dissertation, Department of Cognitive Science, University of California. [JZ]Google Scholar

Zhang, J. & Norman, D. A. (1993) A cognitive taxonomy of numeration systems. Proceedings of the 15th Annual Conference of the Cognitive Science Society. Erlbaum. [JZ]Google Scholar