Hostname: page-component-7b7567c8c-wxvwp Total loading time: 0 Render date: 2026-11-14T11:07:50.565Z Has data issue: false hasContentIssue false
  • English
  • Français

Brandon Camp, Herefordshire

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  09 November 2011

S.S. Frere
S.S. Frere
Affiliation:
Netherfield House, Marcham, Oxon.
Get accessRights & Permissions [Opens in a new window]

Extract

Brandon Camp lies just south of Leintwardine in the central sector of the Welsh Marches. A Roman road running south from Wroxeter through the Church Stretton gap crosses the river Teme at Leintwardine and skirts the east side of Brandon Hill before traversing the Aymestrey gap and running on to Kenchester; thence branches lead to both Gloucester and Usk. The hill projects into the flood-plain to form a notable feature in this sector of the Teme Valley (PL. XI A), rising to a height of 165 m above O.D.; it has a broad almost level summit which is easily ascended from the south but is protected around the northern edge by low precipitous cliffs. The north-western end is occupied by a pear-shaped hillfort of about 8 acres (3.2 ha) with an excellent outlook west and north. An upstanding rampart 3 m high marks the south and east sides of the Camp, but along the steep scarp it is only just discernible.

Information

Type
Articles
Information
Britannia , Volume 18 , November 1987, pp. 49 - 92
Copyright
Copyright © S.S. Frere 1987. Exclusive Licence to Publish: The Society for the Promotion of Roman Studies

Access options

Get access to the full version of this content by using one of the access options below. (Log in options will check for institutional or personal access. Content may require purchase if you do not have access.)

Article purchase

Temporarily unavailable

References

1 The site, at SO 401724, is in the modern county of Hereford and Worcester and was formerly in Herefordshire.

2 Antiquity liii (1979), 51–5.

3 Roy, W., Military Antiquities of the Romans in Britain (London, 1793), 172 and pl. XL.Google Scholar The identification is repeated with some hesitation by Wright, Thomas, Wanderings of an Antiquary (London, 1854), 196–8Google Scholar, who gives a not very informative description of the site. I owe this reference to Professor M. Todd.

4 Cf. Wightman, E.M., Helinium xvii (1977), 105–26.Google Scholar

5 See Planck, D., Arch. Ausgr. Baden-Wurttemberg 1981 (1982), 96–100.Google Scholar

6 Antiq. Journ. lxiv (1984), 251–68. Professor Todd has also summarised the Continental and British evidence in Oxford Journ. of Archaeology iv. 2 (1985), 187–99.

7 Antiq. Journ. xlix (1969), 35, fig. 2; By South Cadbury is that Camelot (London, 1972), 170–72 with fig. 10 and pl. 69.

8 Grateful thanks are expressed to the owner of the site, Mr A.J. Ruell; to the British Academy, the Administrators of the Haverfield Bequest, the Society of Antiquaries and the Institute of Archaeology of London University for financial grants and to Mr S.C. Stanford and Professor J.J. Wilkes for much practical assistance. Dr Lynn Pitts and Mr and Mrs Scott Anderson helped with the organisation; the main working-party was drawn from the Institutes of Archaeology at London and Oxford. The excavation cost £7575. It is depressing to reflect that today it is almost impossible to raise a substantially greater sum than this for a purely ‘research’ excavation, which greatly limits the scale of work.

9 See note 2.

10 Britannia v (1974), 20.

11 See the tables of Manning, W.H. in Saalburg-Jahrb. xxxii (1975), 108.Google Scholar

12 Glasbergen, W. and Groenman-van Waateringe, W., The Pre-Flavian Garrisons of Valkenburg Z.H. (Amsterdam, 1974), 10–12.Google Scholar

13 See St Joseph, J.K., Antiquity liii (1979), 51–5.Google Scholar

14 Richmond, I.A., Hod Hill II (London, 1968), 79.Google Scholar

15 A. Schulten, Numantia iii Taf. 16 and 21; Fellmann, R., Die Principia des Legionslagers Vindonissa… (Brugg, 1958), 94, Abb. 40 and 41.Google Scholar

16 Richmond, I.A., JRS lii (1962), 147.Google Scholar

17 Saalburg-Jahrb. xxxii (1975), 116–18.

18 CW2 xxxiv (1934), 120–30; S. Sommer, The Military Vici in Roman Britain BAR, British Ser. No. 129 (1984), fig. 2.

19 Something of what these were like in their original earliest form can be seen at Augustan Mainz (Germania xlii (1964), 262) and at Flavian Masada (JRS lii (1962), 151 with pl. XVIII).

20 See note 18.

21 See note 3.

22 I am grateful to Anthony King for undertaking this survey.

23 Britannia xiii (1982), 360.

24 Schönberger, H. and Simon, H.G., Römerlager Rödgen, Limesforschungen 15 (Berlin, 1976).Google Scholar

25 JRS lxvii (1977), 149–50 (plan).

26 Stanford, S.C., Trans. Woolhope Nat. F.C. xxxix (1968), 222–37.Google Scholar

27 Arch. Ael.b vii (1979), 1–88.

28 JRS lxiii (1973), 239–40 (plan): Britannia viii (1977), 360.

29 JRS lix (1969), 121–2 (plan).

30 JRS lxiii (1973), 235–6 (plan): Britannia xvi (1985), 285.

31 Harden, D.B. in Hawkes, C.F.C. and Hull, M.R., Camulodunum, Soc. of Antiqs. of London Res. Rep. (1947), 287–306.Google ScholarCharlesworth, D. in Niblett, R., Sheepen: an Early Roman Industrial Site at Camulodunum, CBA Res. Rep. No. 57 (1985), 136 and 3: FI-II.Google Scholar

32 Berger, L., Römische Gläser aus Vindonissa (Basel 1960).Google Scholar

33 Harden, D.B. and Price, J. in Cunliffe, B.W., Excavations at Fishbourne 1961–1969, ii. Soc. of Antiqs. of London Res. Rep. (1971), 317–68.Google Scholar

34 van Lith, S.M.E., ‘Römisches Glas aus Velsen’. Oudheidkundige Mededelingen uit het Rijksmuseum van Oudheden te Leiden lviii (1977), 1–62.Google Scholar

35 van Lith, S.M.E., ‘Römisches Glas aus Valkenburg Z.H.’ Oudheidkundige Mededelingen uit het Rijksmuseum van Oudheden te Leiden lix–lx (1978–1979), 2–150.Google Scholar

36 Price, J. and Cool, H.E.M. in Hurst, H.R., Kingsholm, Gloucester Arch. Rep. Vol. i (1985), 41–54.Google Scholar

37 Isings, C., Roman glass from Dated Finds, (Groningen, 1957)Google Scholar, Form 3, lists many examples from dated contexts, especially in the western provinces. For a recent account of the manufacture, distribution and dating of Pillar-moulded bowls, see Price, J. in Pitts, L. and St Joseph, J.K., Inchtuthil, Britannia Monograph No. 6 (1985), 304–5.Google Scholar

38 Harden, op. cit. (note 31), No. 19.

39 Harden and Price, op. cit. (note 33), No. 3.

40 Bushe-Fox, J.P., Third report on the Excavations at Richborough. Soc. of Antiqs. of London Res. Rep. (1932), 84–5Google Scholar, No. 59, pls. xv and xvi.

41 Charlesworth, D. in Detsicas, A.P., ‘The Iron Age and Romano-British site at Stone Castle Quarry, Greenhithe', Arch. Cant. lxxxi (1966), 188.Google Scholar

42 Nash-Williams, V.E., Arch. Camb. lxxxvii (1932), 92Google Scholar, No. 15, fig. 40.

43 Harden, op. cit. (note 31), No. 5. Charlesworth, op. cit. (note 31), 3:F2, Nos. 1–3, fig. 80, 1.

44 Berger, op. cit. (note 32), No. 9.

45 For example, Valkenburg: van Lith, op. cit. (note 35), Nos. 1, 22, 28. Asberg: S.M.E. van Lith. Rheinische Ausgrabungen 23, Beiträge zur Archäologie des römischen Rheinlands iv (1983), 223, Nos. 8 & 10, pl. 98, 6.

46 For example, Asberg: van Lith, op. cit. (note 45), Nos. 5, 7, and 12, pl. 98, 5. Valkenburg: van Lith, op. cit. (note 35), Nos. 7, 9, 17, 23, 26, 30–31. Velsen: van Lith, op. cit. (note 34), Nos. 9-13. Vindonissa: Berger, op. cit. (note 32), No. 21. In Britain, a complete shallow Pillar-moulded bowl in dark blue glass with opaque white spirals is known from Radnage (Skilbeck, C.O., Antiq. Journ. iii (1923), 334–7)CrossRefGoogle Scholar, and fragments of similar vessels have been found at Wroxeter (Atkinson, D., Report on the Excavations at Wroxeter 1923–1927 (Oxford 1942), 233)Google Scholar, and elsewhere.

47 Price and Cool, op. cit. (note 36), Nos. 4 and 9.

48 Wheeler, R.E.M., London in Roman Times, London Museum (1930), 122, fig. 42, 5.Google Scholar

49 Charlesworth, D. in Frere, S.S., Verulamium Excavations i, Soc. of Antiqs. of London Res. Rep, 1972, 196, fig. 74, 2.Google Scholar

50 Harden, op. cit. (note 31), No. 48.

51 Isings, op. cit. (note 37), Form 15, lists examples from dated contexts. Valkenburg: van Lith, op. cit. (note 35), 108–9, No. 341, provides additional information about dating and finds of these vessels.

52 Price and Cool, op. cit. (note 36), Nos. 36 and 54–5.

53 Charlesworth, op. cit. (note 31), 3:F8 Nos. 54–64 and 85.

54 Charlesworth, D. in Bidwell, P.T., The Legionary Bath-House and Basilica and Forum at Exeter, Exeter Arch. Rep. i(1979), 228, No. 30, fig. 71.Google Scholar

55 Townend, P. and Hinton, P. in Ferretti, E. and Graham, A.H., ‘207–211 Borough High St.’, in Southwark Excavations 1972–74, i (London & Middx Archaeol. Soc./Surrey Archaeol. Soc., 1978), 151Google Scholar, No. n and fig. 60.

56 Isings, op. cit. (note 37), Forms 52 and 55. Harden, D.B. in Biddle, M., ‘Two Flavian Burials from Grange Road, Winchester’. Antiq. Journ. xlvii (1967), 238–40Google Scholar, discusses jugs with conical bodies. Price, J. in Gentry, A.et al. ‘Excavations at Lincoln Rd., Enfield, 1974–76’, Trans. London & Middx Archael. Soc. 28, (1977), 155–8Google Scholar, discusses jugs with globular bodies.

57 Camulodunum: Harden, op. cit. (note 31), Nos. 94-6. Valkenburg: van Lith, op. cit. (note 35), Nos. 294, 298–9, and 303–5. Kingsholm: Price and Cool, op. cit. (note 36), Nos. 27 and 52.

58 Camulodunum: Harden, op. cit. (note 31), No. 97. Kingsholm: Price and Cool, op. cit. (note 36), No. 35.

59 Biddle, op. cit. (note 56), 244-5, Nos. 36–53, fig. 9.

60 For the type see Clark, J.D.G., Antiq. Journ. xii (1932), 158–62.CrossRefGoogle Scholar

61 Britannia v (1974), 42.

62 W.H. Manning, Catalogue of Romano-British Ironwork in the Museum of Antiquities, Newcastle upon Tyne (1976), 27-8.

63 See Manning, W.H. in Frere, S.S., Verulamium Excavations i (Oxford, 1972), 186Google Scholar; Manning, W.H., Catalogue of the Romano-British Iron Tools, Fittings and Weapons in the British Museum (London, 1985), 134–5.Google Scholar

64 Dannell, G.B. in Cunliffe, B.W., Excavations at Fishbourne 1961–1969. Vol. II. The Finds (London, 1971). fig. 126, 2.Google Scholar

65 R. Knorr, Terra-Sigillata-Gefässe des ersten Jahrhunderts mit Töpfernamen (1952), Taf. 585, where the moulded stamp was not recognised or drawn.

66 Bushe-Fox, J.P., Third Report on the excavation of the Roman fort at Richborough, Kent (London, 1900), pl. xxii, 2Google Scholar; Britannia iii (1972), 101, fig. 21, 1.

67 JRS xxvii (1937), 177, Nos. 23, 87, 91 and 61, respectively.

68 Ibid., 173 No. 32.

69 R. Knorr, Töpfer und Fabriken verzierter Terra-sigillata des ersten Jahrhunderts (1919), Textbild 5.

70 F. Hermet, La Graufesenque (Condatomago) (1934); pl. 19, 98.

71 Ibid., pl. 26, 53.

72 Ibid., pl. 19, 78; misinterpreted as a Hercules, the amphora not being clearly impressed.

73 Knorr, op. cit. (note 65), Taf. 23A, 42A.

74 Loeschcke, S., Lampen aus Vindonissa (Zurich, 1919).Google Scholar

75 Greene, K., Report on the Excavations at Usk, 1965–1976: The Pre-Flavian Fine Wares (Cardiff, 1979), fig. 49 Nos. 1–3.Google Scholar

76 Atkinson, D., Report on the Excavations at Wroxeter in the County of Salop 1923–1927 (London, 1942)Google Scholar, fig. 43, A10 A19; fig. 44, A20 and A21.

77 Hartley, K.F. in Dore, J. and Greene, K., Roman Pottery Studies in Britain and Beyond, BAR Supp. Ser. 30 (Oxford, 1977).Google Scholar

78 For Group D see Morris in Stanford, S.C., Midsummer Hill (Leominster, 1981), 151–3Google Scholar; Morris in Freestone, I., Johns, C. and Potter, T. (eds.), Current Research in Ceramics: Thin-section Studies (B.M. Occasional Papers No. 32, 1982), 16–17.Google Scholar

79 Peacock, D.P.S., PPS xxxiv (1968), 415–19.Google Scholar

80 Morris, E.L. in Smith, C. (ed.), Fisherwick BAR No. 61 (Oxford, 1979), 52–7Google Scholar; eadem in Stanford, Midsummer Hill 153-4.