With coastal populations rising at three times the global average, sustainable ways of safeguarding human needs around access and use of the coast alongside lasting ecosystem health of coastal environments must be developed. At the same time, human populations are facing the challenge of managing coastal access on the back of a legacy of human interventions that have already altered – and have often had unintended or unforeseen impacts on – the coastal system and its functioning.

We chart the history of the evolution of North Bull Island in Dublin Bay as an example of major unforeseen sedimentation in a coastal estuarine bay following the construction of river mouth training walls. We investigate the impact of a constructed causeway on the evolved ‘naturescape’ by comparing accretion and elevation change on the mid-marsh either side of the access road over a 32-month period (autumn 2021 to summer 2024) and measuring water levels either side of the causeway on six spring tides on consecutive days characterised by varying meteorological conditions in early September 2023. The results allow us to consider the potential implications a lack of physical connectivity may cause for the future of the two artificially separated back-barrier lagoon environments.

The impacts of climate change have become more widespread and frequent, and society is beginning to recognise the connection between it and the biodiversity crisis. Communities have the capacity to play a key role in the success of multi-stakeholder nature restoration projects, but examples of successful projects, in which communities are the architects of the action – as opposed to the recipients of it – are not well documented. This study used a participatory evaluation research approach to explore a multi-stakeholder, community-led restoration project at Harper’s Island Wetlands, Co. Cork, Ireland to understand the elements of success and to extract key learnings for other communities. In order to rapidly upscale nature restoration and biodiversity protection globally, there is an urgent need to gain speed and momentum, identifying innovative approaches and disseminating them appropriately. The insights from this case study highlight four key components to be considered by groups at the beginning of community-led projects: setting up a core committee, assigning clear roles within the committee, creating a short-, medium- and long-term strategy and beginning practical tasks as soon as possible. This research serves as a step towards preparing blueprints to inform research, policy and practice in this space to enable stakeholders to respond collectively

It is often inferred that rising sea levels will result in widespread coastal recession. Erosion appeared prevalent in a worldwide compilation of evidence derived from maps and aerial photographs undertaken in the 1980s by the Commission on the Coastal Environment. Eric Bird, chair of the commission, inferred that >70% of sandy coastlines had retreated, a generalisation that has been widely cited. We reconsider these findings in respect of subsequent advances in shoreline mapping, including greater precision possible using geographical information systems and more frequent remote sensing imagery with increased spatial, spectral and temporal resolution. Satellite-derived shorelines now enable broad global and regional generalisations about shoreline position. Beaches fluctuate over a range of timescales, meaning that trends in their position are highly dependent on techniques and temporal scales adopted for monitoring. Recent global- and regional-scale shoreline assessments indicate that many sandy shorelines have been stable, and that detectable retreat has occurred on fewer beaches than previously inferred. Accretion is apparent on some coasts, particularly where engineering interventions protect or have reclaimed land. There is considerable variability in the behaviour of monitored beaches, and it is not yet possible to decipher a response to the gradual centimetre-scale rise in sea level of recent decades. Instead, we re-emphasise the several other factors that were considered to contribute to recession by the Commission, many of which relate to a change in sediment budget. To provide insights into future coastline behaviour, a better understanding of the multiple drivers on individual beaches is needed to discriminate between erosional events and longer-term trends in shoreline position.