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Reflections on the Long March*

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  17 February 2009

Jerome Ch'En
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Extract

In Hong Kong during 1966 and 1967 I had spent the first part of my sabbatical leave reading on subjects completely unrelated to the Chinese Communist movement, while on the other side of the border the Cultural Revolution was raging with increasing intensity and threatening to spill over into the Crown Colony.

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The China Quarterly , Volume 111 , September 1987 , pp. 450 - 465
Copyright
Copyright © The China Quarterly 1987

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References

1 CQ, No. 40 (October-December 1969), p. 38.

2 Ibid. No. 43 (July-September 1970).

3 Zhang, Guotao, Memoir, Vol. 2, p. 412.Google Scholar

4 See Taylor, A. J. P., The Origins of the Second World War (Harmondsworth, Penguin, 1980 reprint), pp. 168–72,Google Scholar and Trevor-Roper, H.R., “A.J.P. Taylor and the War,” Encounter, 07 1961.Google Scholar

5 Zunyi Conference Materials, pp. 84–85.

6 Fei, Kanru's article in Jindaishi yanjiu (Studies in Modern History), No. 1 (1984), 293.Google Scholar

7 Zhou Enlai de yisheng, ziliao xuanji (The Life of Zhou Enlai, Selected Materials) (Hong Kong, 1977), Vol. I, p. 68.

8 Loc cit. p. 129.

9 Ma, Yuqin, Hongjun changzheng zhongde qici huishi (The Red Army's Seven Junctions on the Long March) (Gansu, 1982), pp. 30–31; “Investigation report, “Zunyi Conference Materials, p. 128.Google Scholar

10 Fangwu, Cheng, ji pantu Zhang Guotao (Zhang Guotao the Traitor) (Beijing, 1985), p. 118;Google ScholarYuqin, Ma, The Red Army's Seven Junctions on the Long March., pp. 53–54. Cheng and Zhang were reunited when the two armies made the junction in Mougong.Google Scholar

11 See Cheng, , Zhang Guotao the Traitor, pp. 114–15;Google ScholarZhang, Guotao, Memoir, Vol. 2, pp. 391, 406;Google ScholarJinan, Yu, Zhang Guotao he wode huiyi (Zhang Guotao and His Memoir) (Sichuan, 1982), pp. 210, 213, 221. The last named is a far more solid study of Zhang than his earlier one (Zhang Guotao qi ren, Zhang Guotao the Man) (Chengdu, 1980).Google Scholar

12 Xinghuo liaoyuan (A Spark Can Light a Prairie Fire) (Hong Kong, 1960), p. 5.

13 Ref., Holsti, O.R., Crisis, Escalation, War (Montreal, 1972), pp. 12–13;Google ScholarHermann, C.F. (ed.), International Crisis: Insights from Behavioral Research (New York, 1972), pp. 255–56.Google Scholar

14 Here I rely on the non-communist newspapers — Xinxin xinwen (New, New News) and Xin shubao (New Sichuan) of Sichuan and Shibao (Eastern Times), Shanghai.

15 Yang shows a penchant to condemn Chinese historians in China as a group, for instance on pp. 235 and 249. Are there no competent historians and party historians on the mainland at all? Is this low opinion of his fair and substantiable? Or is this because Yang himself is going through a process of resocialization? This last point is not personal at all. Resocialization is unavoidable when one's circumstances change, even if one tends to be conservative. It is a well studied and quite common phenomenon.

16 I fully realise the difficulty in so doing in a short account as Yang presents in his article.

17 Fei's, article in Jindaishi yanjiu (1984), No. 1, pp. 293–96.Google Scholar

18 Yuqin, Ma, The Red Army's Seven Junctions on the Long March, 34–36;Google ScholarJinan, Yu, Zhang Guotao and His Memoir, pp. 193–94.Google Scholar

19 Xinxin xinwen, Xin shubao, and Shibao, February 1935. See also Chang Guotao, Memoir, Vol. II, Ch. 6.

20 Wang, Yitao's guerrillas surrendered in September while Yu fought on till the end Pof 1935 when he committed suicide. See the cited newspapers.Google Scholar

21 See the cited newspapers, February and March 1935.

22 Xin, Shubao, August 1935; Jiaofei shangshi (A History of Military Actions Against the Communist Rebellion) (Taibei, 1967), Vol. 5, pp. 914, 918.Google Scholar

23 Xiang, Qing, Gongchanguoji he Zhongguo kerning guanxi de lishi gaishu (The Comintern and its Relations with the Chinese Revolution, a Brief Historical Account) (Guangdong, 1983), pp. 142, 144-45.Google Scholar

24 Zhang, Guotao, Memoir, Vol. 2, pp. 383, 389.Google Scholar

25 liaoyuan, Xinghuo, p. 9;Google ScholarCheng, Fangwu, Zhang Guotao the Traitor, pp. 112–13.Google Scholar

26 Guotao, Zhang, Memoir, Vol. 2, p. 391;Google ScholarJinan, Yu, The Red Army's Seven Junctions on the Long March., p. 224.Google Scholar

27 Zhang, Guotao, Memoir, Vol. 2, 392.Google Scholar

28 Cheng, Fangwu, Zhang Guotao the Traitor, p. 114.Google Scholar

29 Zhang, Guotao, Memoir, Vol. 2, 388 seq.Google Scholar

30 Pp. 259–60; also Ma, Yuqin, The Red Army's Seven Junctions on the Long March, p. 40.Google Scholar

31 Zhang, Guotao, Memoir, Vol. 2, p. 381.Google Scholar

32 Ibid. p. 403.

33 Jiaofei, zhanshi, Vol. 5, pp. 912, 916–19.Google Scholar

34 Cheng, , Zhang Guotao the Traitor, p. 115.Google Scholar

35 Zhang, Guotao, Memoir, Vol. 2, pp. 411–12, 415.Google Scholar

36 Yu, Jinan, Zhang Guotao and his Memoir, pp. 212–13.Google Scholar

37 Cheng, Fangwu, Zhang Guotao the Traitor, p. 117.Google Scholar

38 Zhang, Guotao, Memoir, Vol. 2, 407–408.Google Scholar

39 Fangwu, Cheng, Zhang Guotao the Traitor, pp. 120–21;Google ScholarJinan, Yu, Zhang Guotao and his Memoir, pp. 222–23. XuShenji's article in Jiankudelicheng (The Hard Way), a collection of the memoirs of members of the Fourth Front Army (Beijing, 1984), Vol. I, p. 45, provides a slightly different version of the story in which Chen asked Xu as to what to do and Xu refused to allow his troops to be involved in an internecine war.Google Scholar