^{page 66 note 1} We are reminded of the phrase ‘officer and gentleman’, which was at one time current and even official (‘conduct unbecoming an officer and a gentleman’); for this emphasizes the moral qualities expected of an officer at a period when officers were, in fact or by convention, ‘of good birth’. We could not of course use the phrase to translate Thucydides, both because it is too local, and because these Spartiates were not officers; but it has the right kind of colour.

^{page 68 note 1} ‘It takes two hoplite armies to make a hoplite battle’ (Hammond, , in J.H.S. lxx, 1950, p. 51,Google Scholar n. 50). This is not quite true, for the Greeks made both Marathon and Thermopylae, in effect, into hoplite battles; but it fits admirably with the Athenian tactics at Sphakteria.