Hostname: page-component-7b7567c8c-7pwfn Total loading time: 0 Render date: 2026-11-15T11:26:23.898Z Has data issue: false hasContentIssue false
  • English
  • Français

Detecting Chlorite in the Chinese Loess Sequence by Diffuse Reflectance Spectroscopy

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  01 January 2024

Junfeng Ji,
Liang Zhao,
William Balsam,
Jun Chen,
Tao Wu and
Lianwen Liu
Junfeng Ji*
Affiliation:
State Key Laboratory of Mineral Deposit Research, Institute of Surficial Geochemistry, Department of Earth Sciences, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210093, China
Liang Zhao
Affiliation:
State Key Laboratory of Mineral Deposit Research, Institute of Surficial Geochemistry, Department of Earth Sciences, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210093, China
William Balsam
Affiliation:
Department of Earth and Environmental Science, University of Texas at Arlington, Arlington, TX 76019, USA
Jun Chen
Affiliation:
State Key Laboratory of Mineral Deposit Research, Institute of Surficial Geochemistry, Department of Earth Sciences, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210093, China
Tao Wu
Affiliation:
State Key Laboratory of Mineral Deposit Research, Institute of Surficial Geochemistry, Department of Earth Sciences, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210093, China
Lianwen Liu
Affiliation:
State Key Laboratory of Mineral Deposit Research, Institute of Surficial Geochemistry, Department of Earth Sciences, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210093, China
*
*E-mail address of corresponding author: jijunfeng@nju.edu.cn
Rights & Permissions [Opens in a new window]

Abstract

Core share and HTML view are not available for this content. However, as you have access to this content, a full PDF is available via the 'Save PDF' action button.

Chlorite is one of the most common Fe-bearing minerals and is susceptible to weathering in loess and soils. The conventional method for analyzing chlorite, based on XRD with the Rietveld technique, is quantitative, but very time consuming and expensive. In this paper we develop a new methodology based on diffuse reflectance spectroscopy (DRS) and selective chemical extractions to identify chlorite qualitatively in the Chinese loess sequence and present evidence suggesting that DRS may be used to quantify chlorite content. The spectral signature of chlorite in loess is obscured by Fe oxides, but becomes obvious when they are removed. Changes in the ferrous absorption band near 1140 nm vary consistently with changing chlorite content. Using this spectral feature, DRS can distinguish chlorite contents as small as 1 wt.% in loess sediments. Future possibilities for this method in other soil and sediment types need to be explored.

Keywords

ChinaChloriteDiffuse Reflectance SpectroscopyLoess

Information

Type
Research Article
Information
Clays and Clay Minerals , Volume 54 , Issue 2 , April 2006, pp. 266 - 273
Copyright
Copyright © 2006, The Clay Minerals Society

References

Bain, D.C., (1977) The weathering of chloritic minerals in some Scottish soils Journal of Soil Science 28 144–164 10.1111/j.1365-2389.1977.tb02303.x.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Bain, D.C. Mellor, A. Wilson, M.J. Duthie, D.M.L. and Mason, B.J., (1990) Weathering in Scottish and Norwegian catchments The Surface Waters Acidification Programme Cambridge, UK Cambridge University Press 223–236.Google Scholar
Balsam, W.L. and Deaton, B.C., (1991) Sediment dispersal in the Atlantic Ocean: Evaluation by visible light spectra Reviews in Aquatic Sciences 4 411–447.Google Scholar
Balsam, W.L. and Damuth, J.E., (2000) Further investigations of shipboard vs. shore-based spectral data: Implications for interpreting Leg 164 sediment composition Ocean Drilling Program Science Volume 164 313–324.Google Scholar
Berner, R.A., White, A.F. and Brantley, S.L., (1995) Chemical weathering and its effect on atmospheric CO2 and climate Chemical Weathering of Silicate Minerals Washington, D.C Mineralogical Society of America 565–583 10.1515/9781501509650-015.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Chen, J. Ji, J.F. Balsam, W. Chen, Y. Liu, L.W. and An, Z.S., (2002) Characterization of the Chinese loess-paleosol stratigraphy by whiteness measurement Palaeogeography Palaeoclimatology Palaeoecology 183 287–297 10.1016/S0031-0182(02)00246-8.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Clark, R.N. and Roush, T.L., (1984) Reflectance spectroscopy: Quantitative analysis techniques for remote sensing applications Journal of Geophysical Research 89 6329–6340 10.1029/JB089iB07p06329.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Clark, R.N. King, T.V.V. Klejwa, M. Swayze, G.A. and Vergo, N., (1990) High spectral resolution reflectance spectroscopy of minerals Journal of Geophysical Research 95 12653–12680 10.1029/JB095iB08p12653.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Dalton, J.B. Bove, D.J. Mladinich, C.S. and Rockwell, B.W., (2004) Identification of spectrally similar materials using the USGS Tetracorder algorithm: the calcite-epidotechlorite problem Remote Sensing of Environment 89 455–466 10.1016/j.rse.2003.11.011.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Deaton, B.C. and Balsam, W.L., (1991) Visible spectroscopy — a rapid method for determining hematite and goethite concentration in geological materials Journal of Sedimentary Petrology 61 628–632 10.1306/D4267794-2B26-11D7-8648000102C1865D.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Hunt, G.R. and Salisbury, J.W., (1970) Visible and near-infrared spectra of minerals and rocks, I. Silicate minerals Modern Geology 1 283–300.Google Scholar
Ji, J.F. Balsam, W. Chen, J. and Liu, L.W., (2002) Rapid and quantitative measurement of hematite and goethite in the Chinese loess-paleosol sequence by diffuse reflectance spectroscopy Clays and Clay Minerals 50 210–218 10.1346/000986002760832801.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
King, V.V.T. and Clark, R.N., (1989) Spectral characteristics of chlorite and Mg-serpentines using high-resolution reflectance spectroscopy Journal of Geophysical Research 13 13997–14008 10.1029/JB094iB10p13997.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Klein, C. and Hurlbut, C.S., (1993) Manual of Mineralogy New York Wiley 223–236.Google Scholar
Liu, T.S., (1985) Loess and the Environment Beijing China Ocean Press 251 pp.Google Scholar
Mehra, O.P. and Jackson, M.L., (1960) Iron oxide removal from soils and clays by a dithionite-citrate system buffered with sodium bicarbonate Clays and Clay Minerals 7 317–327 10.1346/CCMN.1958.0070122.Google Scholar
Moore, D.M. Reynolds, R.C. Jr., (1997) X-ray Diffraction and the Identification and Analysis of Clay Minerals Oxford, UK Oxford University Press 378 pp.Google Scholar
Pieters, C.M. Mustard, J.F. Sunshine, J.M., Dyar, M.D. McCammon, C. and Schaefer, M., (1996) Quantitative mineral analyses of planetary surfaces using reflectance spectroscopy Mineral Spectroscopy: A Tribute to Roger G. Burns Houston, Texas The Geochemical Society 307–325.Google Scholar
Proust, D. Eymery, J. and Beaufort, D., (1986) Supergene vermiculitization of a magnesian chlorite: iron and magnesium removal processes Clays and Clay Minerals 34 572–580 10.1346/CCMN.1986.0340511.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Raymo, M.E. and Ruddiman, W.F., (1992) Tectonic forcing of late Cenozoic climate Nature 359 117–122 10.1038/359117a0.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Scheinost, A.C. Chavernas, A. Barron, V. and Torrent, J., (1998) Use and limitation of second-derivative diffuse reflectance spectroscopy in the visible to near-infrared range to identify and quantify Fe oxide minerals in soils Clays and Clay Minerals 46 528–536 10.1346/CCMN.1998.0460506.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Torrent, J. Schwertmann, U. Fechter, H. and Alferez, F., (1983) Quantitative relationships between soil color and hematite content Soil Science 136 354–358 10.1097/00010694-198312000-00004.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
White, A.F., White, A.F. and Brantley, S.L., (1995) Chemical weathering rates of silicate minerals in soils Chemical Weathering of Silicate Minerals 407–461 10.1515/9781501509650-011.Google Scholar
Zheng, H.H. Theng, B.K.G. and Whitton, J.S., (1994) Mineral composition of loess-paleosol samples from the Loess Plateau of China and its environmental significance Chinese Journal of Geochemistry 13 61–72 10.1007/BF02870857.CrossRefGoogle Scholar