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Published online by Cambridge University Press: 01 June 2016
We prove a level raising mod
$\ell =2$ theorem for elliptic curves over
$\mathbb{Q}$ . It generalizes theorems of Ribet and Diamond–Taylor and also explains different sign phenomena compared to odd
$\ell$ . We use it to study the 2-Selmer groups of modular abelian varieties with common mod 2 Galois representation. As an application, we show that the 2-Selmer rank can be arbitrary in level raising families.