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The developmental pathways to schizophrenia: Potential moderating effects of stress

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  04 March 2009

Elaine F. Walker,
Craig C. Neumann,
Kym Baum,
Dana M. Davis,
Donald Diforio and
Andrea Bergman
Elaine F. Walker*
Affiliation:
Emory University
Craig C. Neumann
Affiliation:
Mississippi State University
Kym Baum
Affiliation:
Emory University
Dana M. Davis
Affiliation:
Emory University
Donald Diforio
Affiliation:
Emory University
Andrea Bergman
Affiliation:
St. John's University
*
Elaine F. Walker, Dept. of Psychology, Emory Univ., Atlanta, GA 30322.
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Abstract

The observations of family members as well as the results of past research suggest that a variety of developmental pathways can precede the onset of schizophrenia in early adulthood. In this article, we describe recent findings from our research on the childhood precursors of schizophrenia. Taken together, the results indicate that childhood behavioral, emotional, and motoric dysfunction occur at a higher rate in preschizophrenia subjects when compared to control subjects. Further, there are developmental changes as well as significant variability among schizophrenia patients in the nature and severity of childhood impairment. Drawing on the prevailing diathesis-stress model, we explore the moderating role that stress exposure and reactivity may play in the expression of the organic diathesis for schizophrenia. Specifically, we consider the role of the biological stress response in the production of developmental changes and individual differences in the pathways to schizophrenia. Given extant models of dopamine involvement in the neuropathology of schizophrenia, stress-induced Cortisol release may alter the expression of subcortical abnormalities in dopamine neurotransmission. Thus, we present a neural mechanism for the hypothesized behavioral sensitivity to stress exposure in schizophrenia, and explore the capacity of the model to account for the changing behavioral manifestations of vulnerability.

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Development and Psychopathology , Volume 8 , Issue 4: Developmental Pathways: Diversity in Process and Outcome , Fall 1996, pp. 647 - 665
Copyright
Copyright © Cambridge University Press 1996

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