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Developmental psychobiology of cyclic affective illness: Implications for early therapeutic intervention

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  04 March 2009

Robert M. Post,
Susan R. B. Weiss,
Gabriel S. Leverich,
Mark S. George,
Mark Frye and
Terence A. Ketter
Robert M. Post*
Affiliation:
Biological Psychiatry Branch, National Institute of Mental Health
Susan R. B. Weiss
Affiliation:
Biological Psychiatry Branch, National Institute of Mental Health
Gabriel S. Leverich
Affiliation:
Biological Psychiatry Branch, National Institute of Mental Health
Mark S. George
Affiliation:
Biological Psychiatry Branch, National Institute of Mental Health
Mark Frye
Affiliation:
Biological Psychiatry Branch, National Institute of Mental Health
Terence A. Ketter
Affiliation:
Biological Psychiatry Branch, National Institute of Mental Health
*
Robert M. Post, M.D., Chief, Biological Psychiatry Branch, NIMH, Bldg. 10, Room 3N212, 10 Center Drive MSC 1272, Bethesda, MD 20892-1272.
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Abstract

The recurrent affective disorders are discussed from the perspective of accumulating inherited and experiential effects on gene expression. Stress and episodes of affective illness are viewed as leaving biochemical and microstructural residues in the central nervous system (CNS) in relation to their patterning, severity, and recurrence. Comorbid factors such as substance abuse and developmental disturbances may also interact with these illness-related variables. In addition to the primary pathological processes, secondary adaptive changes can also be induced, which, in concert with pharmacological interventions, may be sufficient to counter episode occurrences and illness progression. We postulate that the balance of primary pathological and secondary adaptive changes at multiple levels of CNS regulation accounts for recurrence and cyclicity in the affective disorders. The importance of early, effective, long-term interventions in the recurrent affective disorders and the therapeutic potential of several new treatment modalities including repeated transcranial magnetic stimulation (rTMS) are discussed.

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Articles
Information
Development and Psychopathology , Volume 8 , Issue 1: Special Issue: Regulatory Process , Winter 1996, pp. 273 - 305
Copyright
Copyright © Cambridge University Press 1996

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