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Developmental changes in stress adaptation in relation to psychopathology

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  31 October 2008

Francine M. Benes
Francine M. Benes*
Affiliation:
Laboratory for Structural Neuroscience, McLean Hospital, Harvard Medical School
*
Address correspondence and reprint requests to: Francine M. Benes, Laboratory for Structural Neuroscience, McLean Hospital, 115 Mill Street, Belmont, MA 02178.
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Abstract

As modern neuroscience seeks to understand the neural bases for mental illness, it is becoming increasingly important to define how and when complex neural circuits may be altered in individuals who carry the genetic vulnerability for psychopathology. One factor that could potentially play a contributory role in mental illness is the stress response. A variety of studies suggest that stress can alter the activity of several key cortical neurotransmitters, including glutamate, γ-aminobutyric acid, dopamine, and serotonin. Specifically, exposure to neurotoxic levels of adrenal steroid hormone, particularly if this occurs early in life, could potentially induce permanent changes of these transmitter systems in corticolimbic regions, such as the hippocampal formation and cingulate gyrus, that have a high density of glucocorticoid receptors. Overall, exposure to severe stress during the perinatal period could potentially induce alterations in the circuitry of the anterior cingulate cortex and hippocampal formation and interfere with the normal mechanisms underlying attention and learning.

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Development and Psychopathology , Volume 6 , Issue 4 , Fall 1994, pp. 723 - 739
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Copyright © Cambridge University Press 1994

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