The Relational Psychotherapy Mothers' Group (RPMG), a developmentally informed,supportive psychotherapy designed to serve heroin-addicted mothers with children up to 16 yearsof age, aims at addressing psychosocial vulnerabilities, and facilitating optimal parenting, amongat-risk mothers. We present preliminary evidence on the efficacy of RPMG as an “addon” treatment in comparison with standard methadone counseling alone. At the end of the24-week treatment period, mothers receiving RPMG plus standard methadone counselingdemonstrated lower levels of risk for child maltreatment, greater involvement with their children,and more positive psychosocial adjustment than women who received methadone counselingalone. Children of RPMG participants also reflected fewer problems in multiple areas. At 6months posttreatment, RPMG recipients continued to be at a relative advantage, although themagnitude of group differences was often attenuated. Notably, urinalyses indicated that RPMGmothers showed greater improvements in levels of opioid use over time than comparisonmothers.