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INTERACTIVE EFFECTS PANEL DATA MODELS WITH GENERAL FACTORS AND REGRESSORS

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  05 September 2023

Bin Peng Open the ORCID record for Bin Peng [Opens in a new window] ,
Liangjun Su ,
Joakim Westerlund  and
Yanrong Yang
Bin Peng*
Affiliation:
Monash University
Liangjun Su
Affiliation:
Tsinghua University
Joakim Westerlund
Affiliation:
Lund University and Deakin University
Yanrong Yang
Affiliation:
Australian National University
*
Address correspondence to Bin Peng, Department of Econometrics and Business Statistics, Monash University, Caulfield East, VIC, Australia; e-mail: bin.peng@monash.edu.
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Abstract

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This paper considers a model with general regressors and unobservable common factors. An estimator based on iterated principal component analysis is proposed, which is shown to be not only asymptotically normal, but under certain conditions also free of the otherwise so common asymptotic incidental parameters bias. Interestingly, the conditions required to achieve unbiasedness become weaker the stronger the trends in the factors, and if the trending is strong enough, unbiasedness comes at no cost at all. The approach does not require any knowledge of how many factors there are, or whether they are deterministic or stochastic. The order of integration of the factors is also treated as unknown, as is the order of integration of the regressors, which means that there is no need to pre-test for unit roots, or to decide on which deterministic terms to include in the model.

Information

Type
MISCELLANEA
Information
Econometric Theory , Volume 41 , Issue 2 , April 2025 , pp. 472 - 488
Creative Commons
Creative Common License - CCCreative Common License - BY
This is an Open Access article, distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution licence (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/), which permits unrestricted re-use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.
Copyright
© The Author(s), 2023. Published by Cambridge University Press

Footnotes

Previous versions of the paper were presented at seminars at Aarhus University, Lund University, and Michigan State University. The authors would like to thank seminar participants, and in particular Richard Baillie, Nicholas Brown, David Edgerton, Iván Fernández-Val (Co-Editor), Yousef Kaddoura, Yana Petrova, Simon Reese, Tim Vogelsang, Jeffrey Wooldridge, Morten Ørregaard Nielsen, and the anonymous referees for useful comments. Su thanks the National Natural Science Foundation of China for financial support under the grant number 72133002, Westerlund thanks the Knut and Alice Wallenberg Foundation for financial support through a Wallenberg Academy Fellowship, and Peng, Westerlund, and Yang thank the Australian Research Council Discovery Grants Program for financial support under grant numbers DP210100476 and DP230102250.

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