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Bretton Woods intervention programmes and sustainable development

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  07 April 2017

J.B. Opschoor  and
S.M. Jongma
J.B. Opschoor
Affiliation:
Institute of Social Studies, P.O. Box 29776, 2502 LT, The Hague, Netherlands, email: opschoor@iss.nl
S.M. Jongma
Affiliation:
Department of Spatial and Environmental Economics, Free University of Amsterdam, De Boelaan 1105, HV Amsterdam, Netherlands
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Abstract

Since the beginning of the 1980s the Bretton Woods institutions (World Bank and International Monetary Fund) have introduced structural adjustment loans and stabilization programmes to correct balance-of-payments distortions and to realize the conditions necessary for economic growth in developing countries. In the course of the 1980s, the concept of sustainable development was launched which asked for a qualitatively different orientation of growth. This paper presents a summary of what has been learned with respect to the relationship between Bretton Woods intervention programmes and development. Adjustment programmes appear to have evolved through three different stages, with attention for environmental aspects of sustainable development emerging in the third stage. A sectoral analysis is presented of the possible environmental impacts of the various components of intervention programmes. Recommendations are made regarding possible improvements of WB and IMF adjustment strategies in the light of sustainable development, without fully translating them into actual changes at the level of specific programmes.

Information

Type
Policy Opinions
Information
Environment and Development Economics , Volume 1 , Issue 2 , May 1996 , pp. 183 - 202
Copyright
Copyright © 1996, Cambridge University Press

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