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Non-holonomic systems as singular limits for rapid oscillations

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  30 September 2002

MARK LEVI
Affiliation:
Penn State Mathematics Department, University Park, State College, PA 16802, USA (e-mail: levi@math.psu.edu)
WARREN WECKESSER
Affiliation:
Department of Mathematics, Colgate University, 314 McGregory Hall, Hamilton, NY 13346, USA (e-mail: wweckesser@mail.colgate.edu)
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Abstract

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In this paper, we point out a close relationship between two standard classical problems in mechanics which have coexisted in textbooks for many decades: (1) the pendulum whose suspension point executes fast periodic motion along a given curve; and (2) the skate (known also as the Prytz planimeter, or the ‘bicycle’). More generally, we deal with dynamical systems subjected to rapidly oscillating forcing. Examples include: charged particles in rapidly oscillating electromagnetic fields, in particular the Paul trap; particles in an acoustic wave; a bead sliding on a rapidly vibrating hoop. It turns out that the averaged systems of such kind are approximated by a non-holonomic system. The holonomy turns out to have a transparent geometrical or physical interpretation. For the example of a particle in an acoustic wave the holonomy is directly proportional to the speed of the vibration-induced drift.

Information

Type
Research Article
Copyright
© 2002 Cambridge University Press