Daniele Amoroso is professor of international law in the Department of Law of the University of Cagliari. He earned a PhD in law and economics from the Istituto Italiano di Scienze Umane. Since 2017, he has been a member of the International Committee for Robot Arms Control (ICRAC). In 2019, he was awarded a DAAD (Deutscher Akademischer Austauschdienst) grant to carry out research on autonomous weapons systems at the Universität der Bundeswehr in Munich. daniele.amoroso@unica.it

Adrian Gallagher is associate professor of international relations in the School of Politics and International Studies at the University of Leeds. He is the codirector of the European Centre for the Responsibility to Protect and co-editor of the journal Global Responsibility to Protect. He has published in journals such as International Affairs, International Theory, Review of International Studies, Politics, and Journal of Global Security Studies. Along with Dr. Kaisa Hinkkainen Elliott, he is undertaking a project on nonstate armed groups perpetrating mass atrocity crimes funded by the Economic and Social Research Council. A.Gallagher@leeds.ac.uk

Luke Glanville is associate professor in the Department of International Relations at the Australian National University. He is the author of Sharing Responsibility: The History and Future of Protection from Atrocities (2021); Refuge Reimagined: Biblical Kinship in Global Politics (with Mark R. Glanville, 2021); and Sovereignty and the Responsibility to Protect: A New History (2014). luke.glanville@anu.edu.au

Patricia Goff is associate professor of political science at Wilfrid Laurier University. She has held visiting positions at the School of International Relations at the University of Southern California and the Graduate Institute of International and Development Studies in Geneva. She is the author of Limits to Liberalization: Local Culture in a Global Marketplace (2007) and editor of Trade and Culture: The Ongoing Debate (2021). She is co-editor of Identity and Global Politics: Empirical and Theoretical Elaborations (with Kevin Dunn); Irrelevant or Indispensable? The United Nations in the Twenty-First Century (with Paul Heinbecker); and The Multilevel Politics of Trade (with Jörg Broschek). pgoff@wlu.ca

Michael Ignatieff is the director of Central European University, a professor at Harvard Kennedy School, and a former leader of the Liberal Party of Canada. IgnatieffM@ceu.edu

James Pattison is professor of politics at the University of Manchester. He is the author of The Alternatives to War: From Sanctions to Nonviolence (2018); The Morality of Private War: The Challenge of Private Military and Security Companies (2014); and Humanitarian Intervention and the Responsibility to Protect: Who Should Intervene? (2010). james.pattison@manchester.ac.uk

Andrea C. Simonelli is assistant professor of political science at Virginia Commonwealth University and founder of Adaptation Strategies International. She holds a MA and PhD in political science from Louisiana State University, and additional diplomas from the United Nations University's Institute for Environment and Human Security (UNU EHS) Summer Academy “Climate Change and Migration: Rethinking Policies for Adaptation and Disaster Risk Reduction” and Oxford University Refugee Studies Centre “International Summer School in Forced Migration.” Her research investigates the governance implications of climate-induced migration as well as the relationship between governance, adaptation, and human security on Small Island Developing States in the Indian Ocean and greater Pacific. acsimonelli@vcu.edu

Cristina G. Stefan is associate professor of international relations in the School of Politics and International Studies at the University of Leeds in the U.K. and co-director of the European Centre for the Responsibility to Protect (ECR2P). She previously undertook research and teaching appointments in Canada and the United States, at the University of Toronto, Western University, and the City University of New York. Cristina has published extensively on topics related to peace and security, Responsibility to Protect, United Nations, and international norms in journals including Global Governance, International Studies Perspectives, Canadian Foreign Policy Journal, Canadian Yearbook of Human Rights, International Criminal Law Review, Canadian Journal of Political Science, Journal of Common Market Studies, European Journal of International Security, Global Responsibility to Protect, and Security Dialogue. Cristina cofounded the ECR2P; launched the global Women Network on the Responsibility to Protect, Peace and Security; and is associate editor of the European Journal of International Security. C.Stefan@leeds.ac.uk

Guglielmo Tamburrini is professor of the philosophy of science and technology at Università di Napoli Federico II in Italy. His main research interests are ethics, epistemology, and the methodology of artificial intelligence (AI) and robotics. He is a member of the International Committee for Robot Arms Control (ICRAC); coordinated the first European project on the ethics of robotics from 2005 to 2008; and in 2014, was awarded the Giulio Preti International Prize by the Regional Parliament of Tuscany for his research and public engagement with the ethical and social implications of AI and robotic technologies. guglielmo.tamburrini@unina.it

Jennifer M. Welsh is the Canada 150 Research Chair in Global Governance and Security at McGill University. She was previously chair in international relations at the European University Institute and professor in international relations at the University of Oxford, where she cofounded the Oxford Institute for Ethics, Law and Armed Conflict. From 2013–2016, she served as the special advisor on the responsibility to protect to UN Secretary-General Ban Ki-moon. She has published several books and articles on the ethics and politics of armed conflict, the responsibility to protect, humanitarian action, the UN Security Council, and Canadian foreign policy. Her most recent book, The Return of History: Conflict, Geopolitics and Migration in the 21st Century (2016), was based on her CBC Massey Lectures. jennifer.welsh@mcgill.ca

Nicholas J. Wheeler is a professor of international relations in the Department of Political Science and International Studies and the Institute for Conflict, Cooperation, and Security at the University of Birmingham. His publications include, with Ken Booth, The Security Dilemma: Fear, Cooperation and Trust in World Politics (2008); Saving Strangers: Humanitarian Intervention in International Society (2000); and Trusting Enemies: Interpersonal Relationships in International Conflict (2018). He is a fellow of the Academy of Social Sciences in the United Kingdom and a fellow of the Learned Society of Wales. n.j.wheeler@bham.ac.uk