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I.—Some Coal-Measure Crustaceans with Modern Representatives

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  01 May 2009

Henry Woodward
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Among the numerous fossils obtained by Dr. L. Moysey from the clay-ironstone nodules of the Coal-measures near Ilkesťon, Derbyshire, is one referred to by its discoverer as “a shrimp-like animal,” in a recent note published by him in the Geological Magazine for May last. Dr. Moysey was so fortunate as to secure several well-preserved examples of this very interesting Schizopod Crustacean from a disused brickfield on the Shipley Hall Estate, owned by E. M. Mundy, Esq. These he most liberally placed in my hands to examine and describe. Dr. Moysey also commended me to the Rev. C. Hinscliff, M.A., of Craig Royston, Bickley, Kent, who had in his possession another specimen of this crustacean obtained from the same locality. Mr. Hinscliff not only sent me his fossil to study, but generously presented it to the Geological Department of the British Museum (Natural History Branch), Cromwell Road, where it will be preserved and exhibited

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Original Articles
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Geological Magazine , Volume 5 , Issue 9 , September 1908, pp. 385 - 396
Copyright
Copyright © Cambridge University Press 1908

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References

page 385 note 1 “Two New Species of Eurypterus from the Coal-Measures, Derbyshire,” by Woodward, H.: Geol. Mag., 1907, pp. 277–82, Pl. XIII.Google Scholar

page 385 note 2 “On a Method of Splitting Ironstone Nodules by Freezing them,” by Moysey, L.: Geol. Mag., 1908, pp. 220–2.Google Scholar

page 388 note 1 Founded in 1894, Trans. Linn. Soc. Zool. (2), vi, 3Google Scholar. A preliminary account, without figures, was published in Proc. Roy. Soc. Tasmania, 1892. “A Memoir on the genus Anaspides and its affinities with certain Fossil Crustacea,” by Calman, W. T. D.Sc., F.L.S., F.Z.S., appeared in the Trans. Roy. Soc. Edinburgh, vol. xxxviii (1896), pt. iv, No. 23, pp. 787–802Google Scholar, pls. i and ii, 4to, to which we shall refer again later on.

page 389 note 1 The three forms referred to here have been discussed by Dr. Packard and form his groups Syncarida and Gampsonychidæ (American Naturalist, vol. xix (1885), pp. 790–2Google Scholar; Mem. Nat. Acad. Sci., Washington, vol. iii (2), 1886Google Scholar; Proc. Boston Soc. Nat. Hist., vol. xxiv (1889)Google Scholar; see also Packard's, “Textbook of Zoology,” 5th ed., 1886Google Scholar. He here uses the term Syncarida as including Gampsonyx, Acanthotelson, and Palœocaris. Dr. Calman has also figured and noticed them in his memoir on Anaspides (see Trans. Roy. Soc. Edinb., 1896, already quoted). The figures of these here given are reproduced from Dr. Packard's restorations.

page 389 note 2 “ Ueber d. Steinkohlenformation von Saarbrcüken”: Palœontographica, vol. iv (1856).Google Scholar

page 390 note 1 DrFritsch, Anton, “Fauna der Gaskohle und der Kalksteine du Permformation Böhmens,” Bd. iv (1901), Heft 3.Google Scholar

page 390 note 2 Packard only represents one flagellum in his figure (see Fig. 7).

page 391 note 1 Mem. Acad. Nat. Sci., Washington, vol. iii (2), 1886Google Scholar. Abstract in Amer. Naturalist, vol. xix (1885), pp. 790–2.Google Scholar

page 391 note 2 Trans. Linn. Soc. Lond., Zoology (2), vol. vi (1894), p. 3Google Scholar. A preliminary account, without figures, has been previously published in Proc. Roy. Soc., Tasmania, 1892.Google Scholar

page 392 note 1 Mr. G. M. Thomson has since added another locality, namely, “Lake Field,” a spot forty miles from Hobart Town, Tasmania, also at an elevation of about 4,000 feet above the sea (Trans. Roy. soc., 1897, op. cit., p. 802).

page 392 note 2 Trans. Roy. Soc. Edinb., vol. xxxviii (1897), pt. iv, pp. 787–802. 4to.Google Scholar

page 393 note 1 In this arrangement the eyes are apparently not admitted as representing a separate segment, although they have been so considered by Milne-Edwards, Bell, Dana, Charles Darwin, Spence-Bate, Sars & Lang, Huxley, H. Woodward, and others. Charles Darwin writes: “If that part of the larva in front of the mouth bearing the eyes, the prehensile antennæ, and in the earlier stage two pair of antennæ, be formed, as is admitted in all other Crustacea, of three segments, then beyond a doubt, from the absolute correspondence of every part … the peduncle of the Lepadidæ is likewise thus formed” (Mon. Cirripedia, Ray Soc., 1851, “The Lepadidæ p. 25).

page 393 note 2 In Dr. Calman's figure of Anaspides (Fig. 9, ante, p. 392) the segments are numbered on the assumption that the first is welded with the head, and the free segments commence with the second thoracic somite, thus the number of the thoracic segments would actually be eight.

page 394 note 1 See “Description of a new remarkable Crustacean with Primitive Malacostracan Characters,” by Sayce, O. A., in the “Victorian Naturalist,” Melbourne, vol. xxiv, No. 7 (Nov. 7th, 1907), pp. 117–20Google Scholar; and Ann. and Mag. Nat. Hist. (London), ser. VIII, vol. i (04, 1908), pp. 350–5Google Scholar. [No figure of Koonunga has as yet been published.\

page 394 note 2 This is, of course, a matter of interpretation.

page 395 note 1 Anaspides had also ocelli present on the cephalon; we may therefore consider the eyes in these primitive forms were affected by variable conditions, and we need not necessarily split up the group on that account if the other characters tend to hold them together.

page 395 note 2 The genus Koonunga was not known when Dr. Calman's paper was printed in 1897, nor has a figure of it yet been published (I have, however, been favoured by being allowed to see an unpublished drawing). The absence of pedunculated eyes, etc., has led its author, Mr. Sayce, to propose for it a separate family (the Koonungidæ, under the order Anaspidacea), but it seems desirable to await the fuller publication and figure of this interesting crustacean before discussing its separation from the other members of the group. (See MrSayce's, preliminary paper, republished in the Ann. and Mag. Nat. Hist., ser. viii, vol. i (04, 1908), pp. 350–5Google Scholar, with Dr. Calman's note thereon at the end.)