¹ [Digges, D.], The unlawfulnesse of subjects taking up armes, 1644Google Scholar, B4V. On the connexion between Digges, and Hobbes, , see Sirluck, E. (ed.), Complete Prose Works of John Milton, II (New Haven, 1959), 35. I shall quote signature rather than page numbers for seventeenth-century tracts, in the interests of accuracy.Google Scholar

² [Robinson, W.], The peoples plea (1646), B4.Google Scholar

³ Gee, E., The divine right and original of civill government (1658), B3V.Google Scholar

⁴ B.M. Add. MS 27320, fos. 23, 24. The work, often attributed (wrongly) to Walter Ralegh, and printed (by Milton) as his Cabinet-Council, is discussed by Strathmann, E. A. in ‘A note on the Ralegh canon’, Times Literary Supplement, 13 Apr. 1956, p. 228.Google Scholar

⁵ (Mocket, R.), God and the king (1663 edn.), Div; I.E., , The right and jurisdiction of the prelate, and the prince (1621), C7.Google Scholar

⁶ Morelius, G., Hutton, R. (ed.), Verborum Latinorum cum Graecis Anglisque … commentarii (1583), s.v.Google Scholar; Thomasius, T., Dictionarium (1620 edn.), s.v. (first edn. 1587).Google Scholar

⁷ Baret, J., An alvearie or quadruple dictionarie (1608 edn.), s.v. (first edn. 1573).Google Scholar

⁸ One of the implications of Walzer's, MichaelThe Revolution of the Saints (London, 1966)Google Scholar is that there was a high degree of continuity between sixteenth-century radical Calvinists and seven teenth-century Puritans, and he comes close to saying that this conviction was not held by men like Knox and Goodman. The textual evidence for this is slight; Kearney's remark that Walzer has ‘ tended to lump together two different generations ‘ has a great deal of truth in it. (Kearney, H., Scholars and Gentlemen (London, 1970), p. 52.)Google Scholar

⁹ ‘Supremam potestatem in populo aut per vim ipse occupavit nullis mentis da tarn, sed divitiis ambitu & armis: aut volente populo acceptam violenter exercet …’ Mariana, J., De rege et regis insthutione (Mainz, 1605), C8v.Google Scholar

¹⁰ Jackson, T., A treatise of Christian obedience, Worlds (1672), III, 965–6.Google Scholar

¹¹ Bucanus, G., Institutes of the Christian religion (1606), Kkk6/6v.Google Scholar

¹² Willet, A., Hexapla: that is, a sixfold commentarie (1611), Ddd 4 v/5. Charles Herle uses the argument in his A fuller answer (1642).Google Scholar

¹³ Bellarmine, R., Disputationum … de controversiis Christianae fidei … opus (Ingolstadt, 1601), vol. II, col. 644 (‘De Laicis’ cap. 9).Google Scholar

¹⁴ Willet, , op. cit. Fff6.Google Scholar

¹⁵ Jackson, , op. cit. p. 936.Google Scholar

¹⁶ Gataker, T., Gods parley with princes (1620), Hiv.Google Scholar

¹⁷ Budacus, G. et al. , Lexicon sive dictionarium Graecolatinum (1562), s.v.Google Scholar

¹⁸ Jansenius, C., ‘Magis significat ius & authoritatem, quam virtutcm aut vires’, Commentariorum in suam concordiam: … partes IIII (Antwerp, 1613 edn.), VV5VGoogle Scholar; Stephanus, H., Concordantiae Graecolatinae Testamenti Novi (1600), s.v.Google Scholar

¹⁹ Leigh, E., Critica sacra (1639), PiGoogle Scholar; Gataker, T., Opera critica (1698), vol. 1, col. 153.Google Scholar

²⁰ Scot, T., The high-waves of God and the king (1623), 12V/3.Google Scholar

²¹ Burroughes, J., The glorious name of God (1643), P. 3.Google Scholar

²² Parker, H., The true grounds of ecclesiastical regiment (1641), D4V/E.Google Scholar

²³ Jordan, W. K., Men of Substance (Chicago, 1942).Google Scholar

²⁴ On the Engagement controversy, cf. Wallace, J., ‘The Engagement Controversy, 1649–1652: An Annotated List of Pamphlets’, Bulletin of the New York Public Library, LXVIII (1964), 384–405Google Scholar, and Destiny his Choice: The Loyalism of Andrew Marvell (Cambridge, 1968), pp. 43–68.Google Scholar For Parker's, views, cf. especially The contra-replicant (1643), clv.Google Scholar

²⁵ Williams, G., Vindiciae regum (Oxford, 1643), A3.Google Scholar

²⁶ Jackson, , op. cit. p. 960.Google Scholar

²⁷ Symmons, E., A loyall subjects belieje (Oxford, 1643), G3.Google Scholar

²⁸ Robinson, , op. cit. A2.Google Scholar

²⁹ ibid. B4/4V.

³⁰ [Hammond, H.], A brief resolution, of that grand case of conscience (1650), A3.Google Scholar

³¹ [Sanderson, R.], A resolution of conscience (1650), A3.Google Scholar

³² Cf. particularly Hammond's, To the right honourable the Lord Fairfax … the humble addresse (1649).Google Scholar

³³ D[oughty], J., Velitationes polemicae (1651), Xlv.Google Scholar

³⁴ This is not, of course, to say that there was a political party in existence at this date which could be termed ‘Independent’ - cf. Foster, S., ‘The Presbyterian Independents Exorcised’, Past and Present, no. 44 (1969)CrossRefGoogle Scholar, and the debate in ibid. no. 46 (1970).

³⁵ J. Goodwin, υβριστοδικαι (1649), C2V.

³⁶ Hughes, M. Y. (ed.), The Complete Prose Worlds of John Milton (New Haven, 1962), p. 197.Google Scholar

³⁷ Cf. Rowe, V. A., Sir Henry Vane the Younger (1970), pp. 206–7, 217.Google Scholar

³⁸ [Hunton, P.], A treatise of monarchy (1643), D2/2V.Google Scholar

³⁹ [Rutherford, S.], Lex, rex (1644), B2v.Google Scholar

⁴⁰ [Gee, E.], An exercitation concerning usurped powers (1650), C4.Google Scholar

⁴¹ Gee, E., The divine right, B3.Google Scholar

⁴² Ibid. B8/8v.

⁴³ Lawson, G., Politico sacra et civilis (1660), E3V/4.Google Scholar

⁴⁴ Cf. e.g. MacLean, A. H., ‘George Lawson and John Locke’, Cambridge Historical Journal, vol. 9 (1947).CrossRefGoogle Scholar

⁴⁵ Laslert, P. (ed.), John Locke: Two Treatises of Government (Cambridge, 1963), p. 308 and note.Google Scholar

⁴⁶ Ibid. p. 448.

⁴⁷ Ibid. pp. 449–52.

⁴⁸ Ibid. p. 403.

⁴⁹ Ibid. p. 402.

⁵⁰ Jackson, , op. cit. pp. 951–2.Google Scholar

⁵¹ Scot, , op. cit. B2.Google Scholar

⁵² Ibid. C3V/4.

⁵³ For Gataker, , cf. the D.N.B., and Jordan, W. K., The Development of Religious Toleration in England, II (Gloucester, Mass., 1965), pp. 143–5Google Scholar for tne ‘Ussherians’, for Burroughes, cf. Jordan, , vol. III, pp. 362–8Google Scholar; for Parker, cf. Jordan, , Men of Substance, pp. 67–86.Google Scholar

⁵⁴ Powell, G., quoted in Jordan, The Development, vol. II, p. 512.Google Scholar

⁵⁵ Widdrington, R., A cleare, sincere, and modest confutation of the … reply of T.F. (1616), R3/3V.Google Scholar There is considerable evidence that Roger Widdrington, a Northumberland gentleman, had intellectual interests independent of those of Thomas Preston, the Benedictine who (it is usually claimed) wrote under the name of ‘Widdrington’ - most notably the facts that he had an extensive library (Hedley, W. P., Northumbrian Families (Newcastle, 1970), p. 108) and that in 1634 he was used by the government as a debater with the Jesuit Edward Leedes.Google Scholar

⁵⁶ For their friendship, cf. the D.N.B. article on Lawson.

⁵⁷ Cf. Jordan, , The Development, vol. III, pp. 293–5.Google Scholar

⁵⁸ Huntington, R., Sundry reasons inducing Major Robert Huntington to lay down his commission (1648), quoted in Hill, C., God's Englishman (Harmondsworth, 1972), p. 195.Google Scholar