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V. Cardinal Manning as Temperance Reformer1

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  11 February 2009

A. E. Dingle and
B. H. Harrison
A. E. Dingle
Affiliation:
Monash University, Melbourne
B. H. Harrison
Affiliation:
Corpus Christi College, Oxford
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Extract

Cardinal Manning in old age wanted his successor to follow his lead into the temperance movement: ‘I pray God that my successor will humbly and with his whole heart go into the midst of the people as I have tried to do’, he wrote in 1890, ‘and will give to the League of the Cross a warm and encouraging countenance.’ He also wanted his successor to join the prohibitionist United Kingdom Alliance as ‘the only real power outside of Parliament to hold the Drink Trade in check’. When Herbert Vaughan attended a dinner of Manchester publicans who advocated winter-gardens and light beers as the agents of temperance, Manning was furious and excluded him from the list of his executors. In many statements from the 1870s onwards Manning expressed his passionate enthusiasm for the temperance movement. His temperance speeches show that he took great trouble to keep his arguments up to date, and that he read widely in temperance literature. Here, then, was no passing enthusiasm, but a cause to which Manning devoted his life after 1868, and for which he laboured through literature as heavy as Dr F. R. Lees' Alliance Prize Essay and the report of the 1853–54 Select Committee on Public-Houses. He travelled about the country on temperance tours, gave evidence before a parliamentary committee on the drink question, and braved much hostility from within the Catholic world by creating the League of the Cross, an association of Catholic abstainers.

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Articles
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The Historical Journal , Volume 12 , Issue 3 , September 1969, pp. 485 - 510
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Copyright © Cambridge University Press 1969

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References

2 St Mary of the Angels, , Bayswater: Manning Papers, 1890 Memoranda Book, pp. 101,Google Scholar 105; cf. ibid. p. 99, and 1882 Memoranda Book, p. 118.

3 Snead-Cox, J.G., The Life of Cardinal Vaughan (1910), I, 475.Google Scholar

4 E.g. speeches in Alliance News, I November 1884, p. 708; 26 Oct. 1867, p. 339.

5 Purcell, E.S., Life of Cardinal Manning (1895), II, 588; cf. pp. 469–470.Google Scholar

6 Ibid. II, 604.

7 McClelland, V.A., Cardinal Manning: His Public Life and Influence, 1865–1892 (1962).Google Scholar To mention only factual errors, the founder of the teetotal movement, Joseph Livesey, is mis-spelt on page 200; McClelland implies that his temperance activities were preceded by those of Father Mathew, whereas in reality Father Mathew did not join the temperance movement till 1838, after Livesey had been active in the temperance movement for 6 years; on page 201, McClelland suggests that the mere adoption of a ‘political programme’ should have caused Manning to move away from the Alliance, yet the Alliance was the one temperance organization specifically founded to pursue a ‘political programme’; on page 204 McClelland suggests that Manning had not accepted ‘local option’ in 1867–71, whereas he declared his full support for it at the 1868 annual meeting of the Alliance; McClelland also suggests that Manning believed that the Liberal government had been returned at the 1880 General Election ‘by the influence of the great drink traffic,’ whereas Manning was speaking of the return of the Conservative government at the 1874 General Election.

8 V.A. McClelland, op. cit. pp. 200–6.

9 Alliance News, 25 Mar. 1876, p. 202.

10 C. Kegan Paul (Ed.), The Temperance Speeches of Cardinal Manning (1894), p. II.

11 For the temperance movement in the 1830s see Harrison, B.H., ‘The temperance Question in England: 1829–1869’ (OxfordUniversity unpublished D.Phil, thesis, 1966).Google Scholar This article includes all the material on Manning which appeared in this thesis, but also much additional material.

12 Newsome, D., The Parting of Friends (1966), p. 273;Google ScholarAlliance News, 25 Feb. 1882, p. 114; Leslie, S., Henry Edward Manning: His Life and Labours (2nd ed. 1921), p. 87.Google Scholar

13 Alliance News, 26 Oct. 1867, p. 339

14 Manning Papers, 1890 Memoranda Book, pp. 38–9.

15 See G. W. M. Reynolds (ed.), Teetotaler, no. 51 (12 June 1841), p. 60.

16 See the complaints in the Alliance quarterly Meliora, II, no. 7, p. 257.

17 E.g. Father Kaye of Bradford, Northern Star, 22 Aug. 1840, p. 2.

18 3 Hansard 187, c. 534 (14 May 1867); Weekly Register, 16 Mar. 1872, p. 164.

19 Alliance News, 9 Feb. 1867, pp. 45, 47.

20 H. E. Manning, Letter to the Faithful of the Diocese of Westminster, 6 Mar 1867; cf. S[elect] C[ommittee] of the H[ouse] of C[ommons] on the Sale of Liquors on Sunday Bill, Part. Papers, 1867–68 (402), XIV, Q. 2389

21 Alliance News, 29 January 1892, p. 67; 5 Feb. 1892, p. 84.

22 Ibid. 17 Oct. 1868, p. 332; cf. S.C.H.C. Sale of Liquors on Sunday Bill, Q. 2458.

23 Alliance News, 26 Oct. 1867, p. 338.

24 S.C.H.C. Sale of Liquors on Sunday Bill, Q. 2373.

25 Ibid. p. xxiv. For Manning's later speeches on Sunday closing see Sunday Closing Reporter, Oct. 1875, pp. 42–3, 47; Nov. 1881, p. 184; we owe these references to Mr W. R. Lambert, University College, Swansea.

26 Alliance News, 17 Oct. 1868, p. 332.

27 B.M. Add. MSS. 44249 (Gladstone Papers), f. 66: Manning to Gladstone, 27 Oct. 1868. This letter provoked a non-commital but most interesting reply from Gladstone (29 Oct. 1868), now preserved in the Manning Papers.

28 Church of England Temperance Magazine, I Apr. 1867, pp. 100–1

29 Morning Advertiser, 12 July 1872, p. 4.

30 Alliance News, 17 Oct. 1868, p. 332.

31 Ibid. 6 May 1871, p. 287.

32 Ibid. 17 Oct. 1868, p. 332.

33 Ibid. 5 Oct. 1872, p. 706; 19 Oct. 1872, p. 749.

34 Ibid. 21 Oct. 1871, p. 674.

34 Magee, 3 Hansard 211, c. 86 (2 May 1872); Manning, Alliance News, 11 May 1872, p. 352.

36 Alliance News, 19 Oct. 1872, p. 749.

37 B.M. Add. MSS. 44250 (Gladstone Papers), f. 147: Manning to Gladstone, 24 Jan. 1874.

38 C. Kegan Paul (ed.), op. cit. p. 12.

39 Ibid. p. 57.

40 Alliance News, 12 May 1888, p. 377; 30 May 1890, p. 354, cf. Gladstone, 3 Hansard327, c. 1658 (28 June 1888).

41 Manning, H.E., Miscellanies (1888), III, 306–7;Google Scholar cf. Newton, John, W.S. Caine, M.P.: A Biography (1907), pp. 193–4.Google Scholar

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43 Alliance News, 29 Jan. 1892, p. 72.

44 United Kingdom Alliance, 40th Annual Report, 1891–2, p. 65.

45 Alliance News, 22 Jan. 1892, p. 56.

46 United Kingdom Alliance, 40th Annual Report, 1891–2, p. 64.

47 J. Oldcastle (ed.), ‘Sayings of Cardinal Manning’, in Merry England, Mar. 1892 (unpaginated). For Dawson Burns, see Taylor, I.A., The Cardinal Democrat: Henry Edward Manning (1908), p. 92.Google Scholar

48 Universe, 19 Aug. 1871, p. 2.

49 Alliance News, 21 Oct. 1876, p. 674; J. Oldcastle (ed.), op. cit.

50 C. Kegan Paul (ed.), op. cit. pp. 19, 71; Manning, H.E., To the Reverend Presidents and Other Members of the Catholic Total Abstinence League of the Cross (1879),Google Scholar passim; Tablet, II June 1881, p. 954.

51 C. Kegan Paul (ed.), op. cit. p. 20.

52 S.C.H.C. Sale of Liquors on Sunday Bill, Q. 2385; Alliance News, 21 Oct. 1871, p. 674.

53 Alliance News, 17 Oct. 1868, p. 332.

54 Manning Papers, 1890 Memoranda Book, p. 119.

55 Halévy, E., A History of the English People in the Nineteenth Century. Vol. IV. Victorian Years, 1841–1895 (1961 paperback ed.), p. 376.Google Scholar

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57 The Times, 6 Oct. 1862, pp. 6–7; Bonner, H.B., Life of Charles Bradlaugh (1902), I, 214–16;Google Scholar E. S. Purcell, op. cit. II, 393, 610.

58 Denis Gwynn, in G. A. Beck (ed.), The English Catholics 1850–1950 (1950), p. 266.

59 Ibid. pp. 279–281.

60 Manning Papers, Autobiographical Notes (vol. 8), p. 33 (8 Feb. 1887).

61 E. S. Purcell, op. cit. II, 775.

62 C. Kegan Paul (ed.), op. cit. p. 30.

63 S.C.H.C. Sale of Liquors on Sunday Bill, Q. 2446.

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67 B.M. Add. MSS. 44250 (Gladstone Papers), fo. 153: Manning to Gladstone, 5 Feb. 1874.

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69 Manning Papers, 1890 Memoranda Book, p. 22. For similar aspirations among contemporary Wesleyans, see Currie, R., Methodism Divided (1968), pp. 177 ff.Google Scholar

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72 E. S. Purcell, op. cit. II, 631.

73 H. E. Manning, Pastoral Letter to the Clergy, Secular and Regular, and the Faithful of the Diocese of Westminster. Quinquagesima Sunday 1871, p. 6; cf. Manning, H.E., The Temperance Reformation: The United Kingdom Alliance and ‘Local Option'. Two Speeches… (U.K.A. 1882), p. 15.Google Scholar

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78 Manning Papers, 1890 Memoranda Book, p. 100; cf. M. V. Sweeney, in G. A. Beck (ed.), op. cit. p. 134.

79 Tablet, 16 Aug. 1884, p. 258.

80 E. S. Purcell, op. cit. II, p. 603.

81 Tablet, 15 Dec 1883, p. 931.

82 E. S. Purcell, op. cit. II, 604.

83 E.g. in Bridgett, T.E., The Discipline of Drink (1876), p. 2330Google Scholar

84 Tablet, 12 July 1884, pp. 61–2; 19 July 1884, pp. 98–9; see also the exchange of letters between Bagshawe and Manning, in Manning Papers, Manning to Bagshawe (draft), 21 Sept. 1885; Bagshawe to Manning, 23 Sept. 1885.

85 Tablet, 16 Aug. 1884, p. 258; 2 Aug. 1884, pp. 179–80.

86 The Month, Feb. 1879, p. 298.

87 Manning Papers, 1890 Memoranda Book, p. 99.

88 As does V. A. McClelland, op. cit. p. 22.

89 V. A. McClelland, op. cit. 37, 199.

90 B.M. Add. MSS. 44249 (Gladstone Papers), fo. 282: Manning to Gladstone, 13 Nov. 1871.

91 Kenny, T., The Political Thought of John Henry Newman (1957), p. 172;Google Scholar cf. Masterman, C.F.G., The Condition of England (1960 ed., first pub. 1909), p. 207.Google Scholar

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93 Shaftesbury, in Pall Mall Gazette, 29 Aug. 1870, p. 6.

94 Alliance News, 21 Oct. 1871, p. 674; for more on the Victorian fear of revolution, see Harrison, B.H., ‘The Sunday Trading Riots of 1855’, in Historical Journal, VIII, no. 2 (1965),Google Scholar 219 ff.

95 H. E. Manning, Temperance Reformation, p. 16.

96 Alliance News, 17 Oct. 1868, p. 332.

97 H. E. Manning, Temperance Reformation, p. 16.

98 Webb, C.C.J., A Study of Religious Thought in England from 1850, (1933), p. 185.Google Scholar

99 Manning, H.E., The Visit of Garibaldi to England: A Letter to the Right Hon. Edward Cardwell M.P. (1864), p. 18.Google Scholar

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101 B.M. Add. MSS. 44249 (Gladstone Papers), fo. 9: Manning to Gladstone, 22 Sept. 1867; cf. H. E. Manning, The Catholic Church and Modern Society, p. 29.

102 Cf. Hofstadter, , The Age of Reform (paperback ed. 1961), pp. 174 ff.Google Scholar

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104 E. S. Purcell, op. cit. 11, 467–9; S. Leslie, op. cit. p. 241.

105 Universe, 15 Apr. 1871, p. 2; see also Weekly Register, 10 June 1871, p. 359; cf. the rejoinder in Bee-Hive, 10 June 1871, p. 10.

106 Alliance News, 16 Oct. 1875, p. 664; 28 June 1884, p. 405; cf. ibid. I Nov. 1884, p. 708.

107 V. A. McClelland, op. cit. p. 146.

108 Alliance News, 16 Sept. 1882, p. 578.

109 Ibid.

110 C. Kegan Paul, op. cit. p. 62; cf. p. 20; Manning, H.E., The Child of the English Savage (repr. from Contemporary Review), 1888, p. 3;Google Scholar cf. Alliance News, 16 Oct. 1875, p. 664.

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114 E.g. Alliance News, II May 1872, p. 353.

115 Leo, Pope XIII: Rerum Novarum (1891, Catholic Truth Society ed. 1954), p. 26;Google Scholar we owe this reference to the kindness of DrRigby, C.J.. Cf. Hobhouse, L.T., Liberalism (1911, Oxford paperback ed. 1964), pp. 46–48.Google Scholar

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117 Alliance News, 26 Sept. 1885, p. 618.

118 Manning, H.E., in Miscellanies (1888), III, 235.Google Scholar

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120 Ibid. 21 Oct. 1871, p. 675; cf. ibid. 17 Oct. 1868, p. 332.

121 Ibid. 16 Oct. 1875, p. 664.

122 H. E. Manning, The Child of the English Savage, p. 9; cf. his Rights and Dignity of Labour (1934 ed.), pp. 28–31.

123 H. E. Manning, The Child of the English Savage, pp. 15–16.

124 The Rights and Dignity of Labour, p. 29.

125 J. Oldcastle (ed.), ‘Cardinal Manning: Letters on Subjects of the Day’, in Merry England, July 1891, p. 27; cf. Woodard, C., ‘The Charity Organization Society and the Rise of the Welfare State’ (unpublished Cambridge Ph.D. thesis, 1961),Google Scholar ch. I, n. II.

126 H. E. Manning, Pastoral Letter to the Clergy, Secular and Regular, and the Faithful of the Diocese of Westminster: Quinquagesima Sunday 1876.

127 E. S. Purcell, op. cit. II, 604; B.M. Add. MSS. 44250 (Gladstone Papers), fo. 283: Manning to Gladstone, 27 Aug. 1890.

128 J. Fitzsimons (ed.), Manning: Anglican and Catholic (1951), p. 145