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21. Ibid., 130. For a summary of the arguments for and against mothers' pensions, see Bullock, Edna D., comp., Selected Articles on Mothers' Pensions (White Plains and New York, 1925).Google Scholar

22. White House Conference, Proceedings, 89. On changes in child psychology, see Cavallo, , Muscles and Morals, 49–50.Google Scholar

23. Zelizer, Viviana A., Pricing the Priceless Child: The Changing Social Value of Children (New York, 1985), 3–6.Google Scholar

24. In a fascinating last chapter, Zelizer points out that only as women have begun to reenter the labor force in large numbers and to reject the doctrines of domesticity and separate spheres has the ideal of the priceless (and useless) child begun to crumble. She speculates that a new version of the “useful” child, expected to help with domestic tasks and share responsibility, may be emerging. Zelizer, , Pricing the Priceless Child, 208–28.Google Scholar